In this article, the analysis of safety, reliability and efficiency indicators of compressor units according to operating data was carried out. The disadvantages of a commercial nature are revealed, for example, the degree of compressor loading depending on the location of the CNG station, hindering business development. Then the analysis of technical characteristics is carried out, the task is formulated and the most acceptable way of its organizational and technical solution is found. Kazahstan buys compressors for natural gas compression abroad, so, among other things, we are talking about replacing imported products. Foreign CNG compressors with separate drive and protective seals are fundamentally heavy, and have a number of disadvantages that have been identified through long-term operation. The imperfection of compressors associated with safe operation conditions is the main deterrent to the widespread use of natural gas from CNG stations in the city. In our case, the wide commercial introduction of natural gas is hampered by the large areas required for CNG stations based on a compressor with a separate drive.

This article aims to assess the dynamic loads acting on railway track structures during the operation of open wagons in a degraded technical condition, particularly under increased axle load conditions. The study investigates the interaction characteristics between the open wagon and the superstructure of the railway track, focusing on how wear of components and assemblies in the bogie system influences the magnitude and nature of load transmission. A combined experimental and computational analysis of open wagon dynamics was conducted, considering both loaded and empty operating states, as well as varying levels of technical degradation. The findings allow for the identification of critical parameters that influence operational safety and track degradation. Additionally, the study offers recommendations concerning the permissible range of stability margin coefficients and the operating conditions for worn rolling stock under horizontal and vertical loading scenarios. Copyright

This article presents the results of the development and methodology for the selection of rational compositions of polymer and fiber concrete, providing physical and mechanical characteristics of new structural materials for the engineering industry. The novelty of these studies is the proof of the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of obtaining a new composite material that can be used in mechanical engineering in the manufacture of equipment for the mining and metallurgical complex. At the moment, composite materials such as polymer and fiber concrete are widely used in various industries. Studies have revealed that it is rational to use a filler with intermittent granulometry consisting of three fractions. At the same time, smaller fractions fill voids in larger fractions, which increases the density of polymer concrete and its strength. The influence of the main factors on the characteristics of polymer concretes is investigated: the rotation frequency of the mixer working body, the mixing time of the components and the temperature of the resin ED. The technology of mixing the components in two stages has been developed, which ensures the production of a homogeneous mixture and an isotropic material after curing. The conducted studies have confirmed that the use of these materials НАУКА И ТЕХНИКА КАЗАХСТАНА. ISSN 2788-8770. № 2, 2024 73 for body parts in mechanical engineering is not inferior in technical characteristics to traditional materials such as cast iron and aluminum alloys. The equipment used in mining enterprises and metallurgical plants is subjected to severe operating conditions, such as exposure to aggressive media, high dust content, sudden temperature changes, transportation of abrasive liquids, etc. In this regard, in the production of machine bodies and mechanisms, it is necessary to increase their thickness, which leads to excessive metal consumption, difficulties in maintenance and an increase in cost. Replacing traditional metals with composite materials with improved characteristics seems appropriate.

The scientific task of the nozzle scheme uses for formation of an air cushion by using the energy of a jet of air supplied under pressure, simultaneously to form an air cushion, as well as to create the driving force of a load-bearing web, was formulated and the main idea of the work was defined. The optimal option to significantly increase the productivity and length of special types of conveyors is to use the energy of a jet of air supplied under pressure simultaneously as an air cushion and as the driving force of the loadcarrying body, which makes it possible to sharply reduce the coefficient of resistance to movement of the load-carrying body and improve its operating conditions. Supporting the load-carrying body with an air cushion allows to increase the speed of movement to 8 to 9 m/s and more, increase the reliability and safety of conveyor operation, and protect the environment.

Eccentric–cycloidal gear reducers represent a promising type of drive for mining conveyor equipment due to their high shock resistance, multi-tooth load distribution and tolerance to contamination. However, the dynamic behavior of the contact interaction between the eccentric tooth and the cycloidal wheel has not been sufficiently quantified. This limits their large-scale implementation in heavy industrial environments. A detailed analysis of vibration stability, contact force patterns, and geometric conformity of the tooth profile is required to assess operational reliability. Purpose of the study. The aim of this research is to perform a numerical investigation of dynamic contact forces and vibration processes in an eccentric–cycloidal gear reducer used in mining conveyor drives and to evaluate the geometric conformity of the transmission by means of spectral and time-domain analysis. Materials and methods. A multibody dynamic model was developed in MSC Adams. The reducer geometry was imported from Autodesk Inventor, including real bearing parameters, material properties, inertial characteristics, and kinematic constraints. The tooth contact was described using a nonlinear Hertzian model with damping and Coulomb friction. Simulations were performed at an input speed of 750 rpm, gear ratio i = 9 and load torque of 2 kN·m. Vibration acceleration, contact force histories, frequency spectra, and impulse loads during tooth engagement were analyzed. Results. The acceleration of the eccentric shaft reached 350 mm/s2due to local oscillations in bearing units, while vibrations in the gear mesh were effectively damped to 0.004 mm/s2. The contact force exhibited a pronounced impulse of approximately 300 N during tooth engagement. Frequency analysis revealed a single dominant harmonic corresponding to the meshing frequency, without additional resonance peaks, indicating high geometric conformity of the cycloidal profile. The minimal contact area reduces the likelihood of pitting and surface chipping. Discussion. The results demonstrate high vibration resistance of the eccentric–cycloidal transmission and its suitability for mining conveyor applications with variable dynamic loads. The impulse nature of the contact force was quantified and shown to be within acceptable limits. Validation on a laboratory conveyor confirmed the accuracy of the numerical model and uniform motion transfer without phase delays. Conclusions. The investigated gear reducer exhibits low dynamic losses, stable load transfer and high vibration resistance. Numerical simulation confirms its potential for reliable operation in mining conveyor drives and its feasibility for replacing traditional gear systems under harsh industrial conditions. General conclusions. The eccentric–cycloidal reducer demonstrates favorable dynamic behavior, with low contact stresses and absence of detrimental resonant harmonics. The results support its further industrial implementation and optimization. Practical significance and future research. The findings may be used for designing energy-efficient conveyor drives, optimizing cycloidal tooth profiles, estimating fatigue life and developing digital twins of gearbox systems. Future research should focus on wear modeling, shaft misalignment effects, and thermo-mechanical behavior of the gear mesh. © 2025, North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, State Technological University. All rights reserved.

Metallurgy is one of the leaders in terms of the amount of accumulated waste worldwide. Every year the amount of waste placed in dumps, sludge ponds, tailings ponds only grows. However, at present, tailings, slag, dust, etc. of metallurgical enterprises are considered the most promising for secondary use and the extraction of valuable metals from tailings is an important problem in the world. In Kazakhstan, the technology of processing nickel-cobalt-containing tailings is practically undeveloped. Sokolov-Sarybai Mining Production Association Joint-Stock Company (SSGPO JSC) in Kazakhstan, loses more than 7 thousand tons of nickel and 14 thousand tons of cobalt per year. For processing this type of raw material, a combined technology that includes preliminary roasting and leaching processes is acceptable. The aim of the work is a thermodynamic analysis of the roasting process of wet magnetic separation (wms) tailings of the SSGPO JSC, containing such main components as nickel, cobalt and iron sulfides. Thermodynamic analysis of the roasting of wms tailings in the temperature range from 500 to 750°C showed that in the presence of a limited amount of oxygen, the formation of iron sulfides of the following compositions is possible: Fe0.877S, FeS, Fe2S3, Fe7S8. Nickel and cobalt sulfides are converted into Ni3S2, Ni3S4 and CoS0.89, CoS, respectively. In this temperature range, within the homogeneity region, the transformation of cobalt and nickel sulfides also occurs. The calculated values of the Gibbs free energy confirm the possibility of reactions of formation of low-sulfide compounds and the optimal condition for firing is the temperature range of 600-700°C. Depending on the firing conditions, interconversion of iron, nickel and cobalt sulfides occurs. The results of thermodynamic analysis confirm the possibility of extracting iron, nickel and cobalt from wms tailings in the form of soluble low-sulfide compounds with subsequent extraction from the tailings in the form of individual metal powders. Combined technology for processing this type of raw material will be a good example of the use of circular economy principles.

Полезная модель относится к области измерительной техники, в частности, к измерению качественных характеристик сельскохозяйственной продукции в виде сыпучих материалов: зерна пшеницы, ржи, риса, овса, кукурузы и так далее. Повышение точности определения сорта зерна сельхозпродукции и разработка автоматического устройства для определения сорта зерна в процессе хранения, переработки его в силосных элеваторах и приемке-передаче на другие предприятия осуществляется устройством, реализующем данный способ, информативные параметры по пяти входам поступают на запоминающие узлы устройства для определения сорта зерна, причем два из них: засоренность и клейковина определяются субъективным способом, основанным на физических методах биологического свойства, характерных для оператора, далее определяют влажность, температуру и твердость (стекловидность) зерна техническими косвенными методами по упрощенной технологической схемотехнике, соответствующей трем сортам зерна: I - высший сорт, II - средний (второй) сорт и III - низкий (третий) сорт, которые по технологии являются определяющими для вырабатываемой из зерна продукции. Технический результат: выбранный способ измерения в полезной модели обеспечивает высокую точность установки уровня положения уплотнителя, а следовательно, и точность измерения сорта зерна с многопараметровым измерением. Кроме того, автоматизация процесса измерения, повышает общую производительность технологических работ, связанных с переработкой сельхозпродукции и ускорением производства товарной продукции в АПК. После хранения зерна в силосных элеваторах производится окончательное автоматическое определение сорта зерна, которое отпускается на переработку. Компьютер сохраняет изначальные параметры полученного зерна и в дальнейшем на отпуск с элеваторов. Иллюстраций 2 ед. (фиг.1, фиг.2). Аналоги и прототип предлагаемой полезной модели: 3 ед.

In recent years, there has been an increased demand for nickel-cobalt-containing batteries, which in turn adds a lot of interest in the production of these metals in large volumes. Due to a contraction of the volume of nickel sulfide ores, the majority of producers consider laterite deposits as a potential source of nickel and cobalt. However, processing laterites by traditional pyrometallurgical methods is economically unprofitable. Research has shown that the use of combined and hydrometallurgical methods can be promising. This article is devoted to a review of the results of research and articles on the extraction of nickel and cobalt from laterite ores over the past 20 years. Current technological schemes for the production of nickel and cobalt using combined manufacturing processes are presented, as well as the results of scientific research on increasing the recovery degree of nickel and cobalt from low-grade refractory laterite ores using preliminary activating roasting, various leaching reagents, oxidizing agents, bacteria, etc. Growing interest in nickel production has also been observed in Kazakhstan and research work on the extraction of target metals from local laterite ores is being intensively carried out. According to the investors’ forecast, the first mining in the republic and full commissioning of nickel production are expected in 2025.

In recent years, there has been an increased demand for nickel-cobalt-containing batteries, which in turn adds a lot of interest in the production of these metals in large volumes. Due to a contraction of the volume of nickel sulfide ores, the majority of producers consider laterite deposits as a potential source of nickel and cobalt. However, processing laterites by traditional pyrometallurgical methods is economically unprofitable. Research has shown that the use of combined and hydrometallurgical methods can be promising. This article is devoted to a review of the results of research and articles on the extraction of nickel and cobalt from laterite ores over the past 20 years. Current technological schemes for the production of nickel and cobalt using combined manufacturing processes are presented, as well as the results of scientific research on increasing the recovery degree of nickel and cobalt from low-grade refractory laterite ores using preliminary activating roasting, various leaching reagents, oxidizing agents, bacteria, etc. Growing interest in nickel production has also been observed in Kazakhstan and research work on the extraction of target met als from local laterite ores is being intensively carried out. According to the investors’ forecast, the first mining in the republic and full commissioning of nickel production are expected in 2025.

Изобретение относится к области строительных материалов, а именно к производству сухих строительных смесей, и может быть использовано при приготовлении строительных растворов и мелкозернистого бетона. Техническим результатом изобретения является пластификация растворной смеси, образование устойчивой мелкокристаллической структуры известкового камня посредством образования центров кристаллизации, которые состоят из продуктов химического взаимодействия наноразмерных частиц кремнезема с Са(ОН)2 , а также в результате их адсорбции на границе раздела фаз, обеспечивающей блокирование роста и перекристаллизацию кристаллов извести, что повышает прочность. Сухая строительная смесь включает известь, диатомит, эфир целлюлозы низкой вязкости и редиспергируемый полимерный порошок при определенном соотношении компонентов. Изобретение позволит улучшить физико-механические характеристики смеси, пластификацию растворной смеси, водоудерживающую способность, водонепроницаемость, увеличить прочность сцепления с основанием, прочность при сжатии и изгибе, уменьшить деформацию усадки.