. В статье предложен улучшенный робот, предназначенный для автоматизации плановой или экстренной дезинфекции [1] и влажной уборки в закрытых помещениях. Робот относится к роботам комбинированного типа. Целью данной статьи является улучшение функциональных характеристик робота-дезинфектора. Для этого предложен многофункциональный робот-дезинфектор с роботом-спутником, который выполняет влажную уборку помещения для более качественной дезинфекции. Робот состоит из трех функциональных частей: универсальной мобильной платформы (нижняя часть) и собственно дезинфектора (верхняя часть), которая при необходимости может свободно передвигаться персоналом на 4 колёсах [1]. К верхней части робота прикреплен специальный подъемный механизм, предназначенный для подъема и спуска гнезда робота-спутника для влажной уборки. 3D-модель многофункционального робота-дезинфектора выполнена в среде программного комплекса Inventor. Кинематические расчеты подъемного механизма для ношения роботом-дезинфектором робота-спутника выполнены методом замкнутых векторных контуров. Синтез подъемного механизма выполнен методом квадратического приближения. Ключевые слова: многофункциональный робот-дезинфектор, пандемия COVID-19, УФ-лампы, комбинированный тип дезинфекции, робот-спутник, подъемный механизм, медицинский робот, кинематический анализ, синтез.

This article presents the results of studies on the processing of refractory gold-bearing ores from the Aktobe deposit (Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan). The research included chemical and mineralogical characterization, analysis of gold and silver occurrence,and evaluation of physical and mechanical properties. The average gold content was 1.55–1.6 g/t and silver 42–43 g/t. The ore is mainly composed of quartz (up to 79%) and pyrite (up to 10%). Phase analysis revealed that only 46.47% of gold occurs in free form, confirming the refractory nature of the ore. Gravity concentration tests demonstrated the effectiveness of centrifugal separation, achieving up to 35.93% gold recovery with 28.74% of the metal in the concentrate. The findings emphasize the necessity of combined processing technologies. Future research will focus on hydrometallurgical methods, including cyanidation, mechanical activation, and cavitation, to improve recovery and develop optimal flowsheets.

Recently, due to the depletion of rich copper concentrates, poor, refractory concentrates are increasingly used in copper production. Hydrometallurgical methods are attractive for processing this raw material. This review analyzes modern hydrometallurgical methods for extracting copper from low-grade concentrates. Research focuses on innovative approaches to increase dissolution rates and profitability of leaching refractory copper sulfide minerals. Solving these problems will optimize Cu extraction and expand hydrometallurgy for various ores, improving efficiency and environmental sustainability. Current studies include atmospheric leaching, bioleaching with bacterial mixtures, and autoclave leaching, with optimization of conditions, reagents, and additives to destroy passivation layers and achieve high extraction from chalcopyrite. Hybrid leaching methods are also being developed, combining advantages of different approaches. Each method has advantages and drawbacks, such as passivation layer formation and by-product utilization (sulfuric acid, sulfur, nitrates, iron, chlorine). Overcoming these difficulties remains a key research direction for effective hydrometallurgy. Advances in this field may offer a competitive alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical processing of low-grade copper concentrates.

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the possibility of the reliable determination of the residual stress–strain state in polymers and composites using a combination of bridge curvature, optical scanning, and finite element methods. A three-factor experiment was conducted to determine the strength of printed PLA plastic products. The effect of the residual stresses on the strength of the printed products was evaluated. By comparing the values of the same strength stresses, a relationship between the nature of the stresses and the strength of the samples was found. A tendency of the negative influence of tensile stresses and the opposite strengthening effect of compressive stresses was obvious, so at the same values of tensile strength, the value of residual stress of 42.9 MPa is lower than that of the fibre compression at the value of 88.9 MPa. The proposed new methods of the residual stress determination allow obtaining a complete picture of the stressed state of the material in the investigated areas of the products. This may be necessary in confirming the calculated models of the residual stress–strain state, clarifying the strength criteria and assessing the quality of the selected technological modes of manufacturing the products. © 2024 by the authors.

The paper presents the results of a critical analysis of existing technologies for processing lead-zinc ores and industrial products; the relevance of the research lies in the development of methods aimed at additional extraction of zinc and lead in conditions of a rapid decrease in the content of lead and zinc in ores. The paper presents research on the thermodynamic justification of sulfiding roasting, the results of the development of technology for intensifying the process of processing poor, difficult-to-process complex lead-zinc ores and middlings through preliminary thermal activation by sulfiding roasting in a fluidized bed furnace. The mechanism of sulfidation of oxylated lead compounds has been established according to the scheme: PbO → PbO·PbSO4 → PbSO4 → PbS. The results of the physicochemical study of roasting products, as well as the results of magnetic enrichment of cinders, are presented. The results of magnetic separation of cinders after heat treatment of industrial products show that it is possible to separate up to 70% of iron in the form of pyrrhotite into a magnetic product, while the pyrrhotite content in the magnetic product is up to 98.2%. The paper presents a new technological scheme for processing lead-zinc industrial products from enrichment to obtain pyrrhotites with predicted properties.

Escalating environmental concerns and the depletion of non-renewable resources have intensified interest in sustainable and eco-friendly materials. Cellulose-based hydrogels, renowned for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties, have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications, including biomedicine, agriculture, and water purification. This review focuses on methods for extracting nanocellulose from agricultural wastes and their use in creating cellulose hydrogels. Special emphasis is placed on the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and environmental properties of nanocellulose, as well as its applications in packaging materials, medical devices, biocomposites, and filtration systems. The literature review examines cellulose extraction methods, hydrogel properties, and their industrial applications. The key advantages and disadvantages of these methods are identified, and directions for future research are proposed. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on cellulose-based hydrogels and contributes to the development of more efficient and sustainable production methods for these materials.

This paper presents the microstructure of composite material, which consists of metal inclusions and polyamide matrix, the data of which were obtained by computer modeling. The investigated composite material is one of the main directions in the production of materials for advanced MIM technologies, which allows to refuse expensive injection molding process and use technological processes of layer-by-layer growing of parts. The simulations were carried out in top level programs like DIGIMAT and NASTRAN/PATRAN. The simulation modeling of composites at the micro level made it possible to establish the relationship between the percentage of inclusions and the upper yield strength of the material and the constituent components of the stiffness matrices. All these can be considered as input data for the study of composite material at the macro level. At the macro level, virtual studies of standard specimens printed from polymer yarns were carried out to determine the strength. The simulations were conducted as layer-by-layer staging experiments, here each printed layer was considered as a layer of composite. © 2024 Author(s).

В статье представлен термодинамический анализ процессов рудотермической плавки и хлорирования титаносодержащего сырья, направленных на получение титанового шлака и тетрахлорида титана. С использованием программного комплекса HSC Chemistry 6 рассчитаны изменения стандартной энергии Гиббса (ΔG°) для ключевых реакций с участием TiO₂, Nb₂O₅ и оксидов примесных элементов (Fe, Si, Al, Mg, Mn, Cr, V). Установлены условия, при которых титан эффективно хлорируется в TiCl₄, а ниобий переходит в летучие формы (NbCl₅) или кислородсодержащие хлориды. Построены диаграммы Tpp и Lpp для систем Fe–Ti–O, Nb–C–O, Ti–O–Al и других, отражающие устойчивость фаз и влияние состава шлака. Показано, что примесные компоненты формируют устойчивые твердофазные соединения, снижающие эффективность хлорирования. Сфор-мулированы рекомендации по температуре, парциальному давлению хлора и составу шлака, обеспечивающие максимальное извлечение титана и попутное извлечение ниобия. Результаты могут быть использованы при оптимизации промышленной технологии получения TiCl₄ и разработке схем комплексной переработки титановых шлаков.

В статье представлены результаты минералогического исследования ильменитового концентрата, полученного из россыпей Сатпаевского ме- сторождения Восточно-Казахстанской области. Работа направлена на изучение распределения редких и редкоземельных элементов – ниобия, циркония, скан- дия, лантана и церия – в структуре концентрата. Применены методы сканирующей электронной микроскопии с энергодисперсионным анализом (SEM-EDS) и фазового моделирования в программной среде HSC Chemistry. Установлено, что элементы находятся как в виде изоморфных замещений в структуре ильменита, так и в форме микровключений в гемоильмените, гематите, псевдорутиле и титаномагнетите. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о высокой перерабатывае- мости сырья и целесообразности его комплексного использования с извлечением стратегически важных компонентов.

The article considers the issues of the construction of high-rise monolithic buildings in Almaty. High-rise construction has received significant development in the territory of the metropolis - more than several dozen buildings more than 20 stories high have been built. Experimental studies of the proper dynamic characteristics of high-rise buildings (periods and forms of natural oscillations, oscillation decrement) and verification of the correctness of the calculation assumptions adopted during their design are relevant. The influence of height on the proper dynamic characteristics of high-rise monolithic buildings constructed in Almaty is analyzed. Data are provided on determining the dynamic characteristics of a 22-storey monolithic building using the building pull-out method with the subsequent abrupt release of the applied load. The results are compared with the data on the proper dynamic characteristics of four high-rise buildings (more than 20 stories high) obtained as a result of vibration tests: - 25- storey Kazakhstan Hotel; - 35-storey building on Al Farabi Street (Nurly-Tau district); - 22-storey building of the Stolichny Tsentr residential complex; -26- storey building of the residential complex "Megatowers". The results of the work can be used in the design of high-rise monolithic buildings.