The potential of cyanobacteria to perform a variety of distinct roles vital for the biosphere, including nutrient cycling and environmental detoxification, drives interest in studying their biodiversity. Increasing soil erosion and the overuse of chemical fertilizers are global problems in developed countries. The option might be to switch to organic farming, which entails largely the use of biofertilisers. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic, photosynthetic organisms with considerable potential, within agrobiotechnology, to produce biofertilisers. They contribute significantly to plant drought resistance and nitrogen enrichment in the soil. This study sought, isolated, and investigated nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial strains in rice fields, and evaluated the effect of Mo and Fe on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activities under nitrogen starvation. Cyanobacterial isolates, isolated from rice paddies in Kazakhstan, were identified as Trichormus variabilis K-31 (MZ079356), Cylindrospermum badium J-8 (MZ079357), Nostoc sp. J-14 (MZ079360), Oscillatoria brevis SH-12 (MZ090011), and Tolypothrix tenuis J-1 (MZ079361). The study of the influence of various concentrations of Mo and Fe on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activities under conditions of nitrogen starvation revealed the optimal concentrations of metals that have a stimulating effect on the studied parameters. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Chloridizing processing of accumulated ash and slag waste of the Kazakhstan CHP plants has been studied. The possibility of separating iron from ash by magnetic separation to obtain a commercial iron-containing product (≈50% Fe) is demonstrated. It is shown that the residual iron content in the non-magnetic ash fraction is minimal (1.2%), while the aluminum content is about 98%. In the mullite composition, silica is mainly present in the non-magnetic ash fraction (≈97%). The silicon content in the non-magnetic fraction obtained after wet separation increased from 27.7 to 29.5 wt.%. It has been established that the complete decomposition of mullite occurs when the non-magnetic ash fraction is roasted at 1,100°C for 60 minutes, and the CaCl2 consumption is twice the stoichiometric value required for the decomposition of mullite. An increase in the degree of aluminum extraction into a cinder is caused by a change in the phase composition of ash during roasting, which occurs as a result of dehydration of low-solubility compounds. The resulting cinder contains the gelenite and anorthite phases, which are highly soluble in HCl. It has been found that the quantitative gelenite-to-anorthite ratio in the cinder, obtained under the optimal roasting conditions, is 5:1. For practical purposes, it is essential to provide for the charge mixing conditions during the ash roasting process in the presence of CaCl2, for example, by using a tubular rotary furnace. This will improve the contact between the ash particles and calcium chloride, while creating favorable conditions for the complete breakdown of mullite and formation of highly soluble aluminum compounds in the form of anorthite and gelenite. © 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Background: Equine milk, including its whey proteins, is a source of nutrients and functional components in the human diet, and is especially beneficial for people with weakened immune systems, newborns, and athletes. Objectives Whey proteins in equine milk constitute approximately 20% of the total protein content and include various fractions such as albumin, globulin, and lactoferrin. Lactoferrin is one of the most extensively studied whey proteins in equine milk. Methods: HPLC-Mass analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, modeling of 3D structure and biological activity in silico. Results: It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, making it a promising candidate for influencing the various aspects of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. The products of Lactoferrin hydrolysis by trypsin were confirmed using HPLC. The half-lives of the hydrolysate in the bloodstream and in an intestine-like environment were predicted in silico. Various biological activities (antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic) were also estimated in silico and compared with the corresponding activities of lactoferrin hydrolysate amino acid sequences from camel and dromedary milk. Conclusions: The three-dimensional modeling of lactoferrin hydrolysate peptides was performed to support the development of computational models or simulations, as well as to investigate their potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or immune-modulating functions in clinical or nutritional applications. © 2024 by the authors.

One of the ways to get a link and match between Vocational High School graduates and the working world is by implementing a teaching factory (TEFA). Teaching Factory aims at aligning teaching and training in schools with the needs of modern industrial practices. However, not all schools can implement it optimally, especially those in low-industrial areas. This is one of the reasons why many Vocational High School graduates are not able to compete in the labor market. One of the solutions is to get students’ project assignments based on the potential of their region. Therefore, this study aims to develop a teaching factory model integrated with student's regional potential-based project (SRPP). This research and development (R&D) employs the Borg and Gall model, which consists of four main stages: need analysis, model development, model validation by experts through a focus group discussion and a pilot study, and model evaluation. The results show that the teaching factory model for vocational schools in low-industrial areas is valid and can be widely tested. © (2024), (Insight Society Insight Society). All rights reserved.

Precision farming is one of the ways of transition to the intensive methods of agricultural production. The case of application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for solving problems of agriculture and animal husbandry is among the actively studied issues. The UAV is capable of solving the tasks of monitoring, fertilizing, herbicides, etc. However, the effective use of UAV requires to solve the tasks of flight planning, taking into account the heterogeneity of the available attachments and the problem solved in the process of the overflight. This research investigates the problem of flight planning of a group of heterogeneous UAVs applied to solving the issues of coverage, which may arise both in the course of monitoring and in the process of the implementation of agrotechnical measures. The method of coverage path planning of heterogenic UAVs group based on a genetic algorithm is proposed; this method provides planning of flight by a group of UAVs using a moving ground platform on which UAVs are recharged and refueled (multi heterogenic UAVs coverage path planning with moving ground platform (mhCPPmp)). This method allows calculating a fly by to solve the task of covering fields of different shapes and permits selecting the optimal subset of UAVs from the available set of devices; it also provides a 10% reduction in the cost of a flyby compared to an algorithm that does not use heterogeneous UAVs or a moving platform. © 2013 IEEE.

In the work the scientific and technical analysis of modern methods of E-waste processing is carried out. It is shown that on the territory of Kazakhstan there are no E-waste recycling technologies. The relevance and importance of collection and processing of E-waste increases with the fact of lack of application of rational technology of their processing. Many valuable, technologically recoverable metals are lost irretrievably. The results of the chemical composition of the crushed product — computer boards of computers, which were used as an object of research for gold extraction from them, are presented. The results of studies of qualitative assessment of initial E-waste showed a wide range of changes in metal compositions. Precious metals in the studied E-waste are represented by Au, Ag and Pd, the average content of which is 225, 425 and 15 ppm, respectively. The paper presents the scheme of the laboratory installation and the methodology of low-temperature chloridizing roasting of E-waste with gaseous chlorine. Comprehensive studies of the chemical and phase composition of the solid residue obtained after the experiment using the SEM instrument (Leo Supra Carl Zeiss AG, Germany) and Agilent 7700 Series ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies, USA), Rigaku, Ultima III (Rigaku Corporation, USA) showed the presence of metal chlorides and amorphous phase representing unburned parts of plastic and other organic compounds in them. The quantitative ratio of solid and amorphous phase in the obtained solid residue is 31.5% and 69.5%, respec-tively. The phase composition of the solid residue was determined: 5.4% CuCl2; 7.8% FeClO and 17.2% Cu2 Cl(OH)3. As a result of the experiments, the optimal process parameters were established: temperature — 250о C, duration — 30 min, chlorine consumption —150 ml/min. It is established that at optimum firing parameters high up to ~98% of gold extraction from E-waste in the form of gaseous sublimate of gold chlorides is achieved.

Background Arterial hypertension (AH) and post-COVID synrome poses a rising challenge in low and middle-income countries, with uncertain prevalence in Kazakhstan’s older adults population. Objectives This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of transitioning older adults patients (65 and older) from multiple antihypertensive medications to a “single tablet” strategy, aiming to evaluate its effect on patient conidion and identify factors influencing dose adjustments. Design A prospective cohort study with a follow-up of 8 week. Participants There were enrolled 98 patients, categorizing them by age groups 65-74 years and 75 and older. Intervention One-moment isolated deprescribing of hypotensive drugs to “one tablet” therapy. Measurements Endpoints were assessed over three visits in eight weeks, utilizing statistical analysis with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Older patients exhibited a trend of higher education, lower smoking rates, and lower average weight. Transitioning to a single-tablet strategy led to a significant reduction in hypertensive crises and adverse events. While therapy adherence improved initially, it decreased by 10% by the 8th week. Factors influencing therapy changes were identified through subgroup analysis. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into transitioning older adults patients to a “single tablet” strategy, underscoring the importance of personalized approaches based on identified influencing factors. © The Ibn Sina Trust.

This research explores the application of gravel filters in oil wells to mitigate sand production. The study focuses on a novel approach utilizing a bitumen-based binder to create a durable and efficient gravel pack. A comprehensive review of traditional gravel filter designs and their limitations is presented. Experimental results demonstrate the improved strength and stability of the bitumen-bound gravel pack, as well as its controlled dissolution rate in hydrocarbon environments. This innovative solution offers several advantages, including enhanced well productivity, reduced maintenance costs, and improved environmental performance. The paper concludes by discussing the potential applications and future research directions for bitumen-bound gravel filters in the oil and gas industry. The recommended gravel filter design, utilizing a gravel-bitumen mixture, is proposed to enhance efficiency and reliability in oil and gas well operations.

This review article focuses on the study of carbon materials utilized as electrodes in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The research examines three primary categories of materials: activated carbon, carbon aerogels, and nanoporous carbon. The article provides a comprehensive explanation of the operational principles of many types of capacitor systems, such as double-layer electrochemical capacitors, pseudo capacitors, and hybrid capacitors. The carbon materials under discussion are thoroughly examined with a focus on their synthesis processes, structural features, and electrochemical properties. The study investigates the impact of pore structure, surface area, and the presence of functional groups on electrode performance. The impact of heat treatment and chemical modification techniques on the properties of synthesized carbon structures has been investigated, specifically examining parameters such as temperature and duration. The text examines the benefits and drawbacks of each material type, taking into account their individual capacity, cyclical stability, and economic efficiency. The study emphasizes the importance of precise adjustment of the synthesis process to enhance the electrochemical characteristics and showcases the possibility of employing these materials in sophisticated energy storage devices. This review serves as a crucial resource for experts engaged in developing cutting-edge materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. It also highlights potential topics for future research in the realm of electrochemical energy storage. © 2024 E.A. Buketov Karaganda University Publish house. All rights reserved.

Currently, ecological energy production is one of the most pressing issues in power engineering. In addition, environmental pollution caused by various emissions and the challenge of waste disposal remain significant global concerns. One potential solution to these problems is the conversion of waste into useful energy through combustion. In this study, experimental investigations were carried out on the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) in a grate furnace of a 400 kW hot water boiler. The experiments included the combustion of both MSW and traditional brown coal. Data were collected on the concentrations of various substances in the exhaust gases, and thermal imaging was performed to assess heat losses from the boiler surface. When burning waste compared to coal, SO2 concentrations were significantly lower, ranging from 3.43 to 4.3 ppm, whereas for coal they reached up to 122 ppm. NOX concentrations during MSW combustion peaked at 106 ppm, while for coal combustion they reached 67.5 ppm. A notable increase in CO concentration was observed during the initial phase of coal combustion, with levels reaching up to 2510 ppm. The thermal efficiency of the boiler plant reached 84.4% when burning waste and 87% when burning brown coal. © 2025 by the authors.