Сухие строительные смеси являются неотъемлемой частью современного строительства и ремонта. Они обладают уникальными свойствами и предназначены для выполнения самых разных работ. Важно выбрать подходящий тип смеси, чтобы обеспечить долговечность и надежность конструкций. В статье приводятся данные по разработанным составам сухих строительных смесей на основе модифицированного диатомита. Исследования по изучению и получению модифицированного диатомита и его основы в сухих строительных смесях показали, что термообработка диатомита позволяет получать сырье с улучшенными прочностными свойствами при сжатии до 4,28 МПа при температуре 650°C. Введение низковязкого эфира целлюлозы и полимерной добавки в составы на основе модифицированного диатомита позволило увеличить прочность на сжатие до 0,9-0,92 МПа. Результаты определения водоудерживающей способности показали значение 94,2% в присутствии низковязкого эфира целлюлозы и полимерной добавки. Способность удерживать воду также оценивалась с точки зрения пластической прочности. Экспериментальные данные показывают, что водоудерживающий эффект добавок предотвращает активное поглощение влаги из смеси пористой основой и способствует поддержанию низких значений пластической прочности композиций до t =0,0067 МПа.
The article presents the results of a study of the main characteristics of ash selected from the ash dumps of CHP-3 in Almaty. It is shown that the operation of thermal power plants in Kazakhstan is characterized by a significant amount of accumulated (more than 500 million tons) ash and slag waste. It has been established that the storage and storage of ash and slag causes a very significant impact on the environment in the area of their location. Therefore, it is very important to address the issues of reducing the burden on the environment by developing technologies for the disposal of ash and slag and their use in road construction. The results of a study of the physical and technical characteristics of a binder based on bitumen and ash slag are presented. The study of samples using bitumen and slag binder showed that they meet the requirements of regulatory documents. The research results can be useful in solving the environmental problem of ash and slag waste disposal, which will reduce the volume of ash dumps, as well as free up occupied land for economic needs.
Abstract The purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative cargo fastening system using aramid fasteners to improve the safety and stability of cargo transportation. The research methodology included the analysis of existing solutions, the development of conceptual models, mathematical calculations, and the modelling of the system using three-dimensional models. In addition, this study paid special attention to the choice of fastening materials, such as aramid fibre, and analysed the strength characteristics of fasteners to ensure maximum safety of cargo transportation. As a result of the work conducted, an innovative cargo and object fixation system was created, which provides a high level of protection and safety for the cargo, allowing it to avoid damage and emergency situations during transportation. Notably, this system is able to effectively distribute the load and reduce the impact of inertial forces, ensuring stability and reliability during the transportation of goods of various types and sizes. An additional substantial advantage of this innovative solution is its versatility, which allows its successful use in various scenarios and conditions. The technical solution created is suitable for moving both light and heavy loads and can be effectively applied to various types of vehicles. Copyright: © 2025 Nadezhda Dolzhenko, Gulnar Imasheva, Assel Berkesheva, Olga Garmash, and Tasbulat Beketov. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license.
Abstract Relevance. Currently, the standardization at the international level has reached a high stage in the aviation industry. The high requirements for standardization of airfreight refer to the safety and punctuality of air travel. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to modernize and improve the technology of consolidation of dangerous goods into fire-resistant unit load device containers, which will reduce the risk of fire spread, and enable the crew to make a landing in the event of an incident. Methodology. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is a combination of system analysis of the main areas of the introduction of fire-resistant containers in modern air transport, with an analytical investigation Suggested Citation: Imasheva G, Assilbekova I, Konakbay Z, Berkesheva A, Mambetalin D. Introduction of fire-resistant containers into airfreight. of the main areas of modernization of fire-resistant containers intended for the transportation of dangerous goods, which in the future will contribute to a significant reduction in the risks of fires during air transportation and other emergencies that may cause forced landings of air transport. Results. It was determined that the use of fire-resistant containers reduces fuel costs and environmental improvements by minimizing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Conclusions. Thus, the developers of modern refractory materials used in the manufacture of air cargo containers have broad prospects. In addition, the use of such containers will improve working conditions due to their environmental friendliness. © 2023 Uzhhorod National University. All rights reserved.
Abstract In this article, the definition of the current density field at current collection was reduced only to the calculation of the thermal (resistive) action of the electric current. These procedures must include consideration of the bending stiffness of the contact wires to calculate the distribution of the pressing force on the contact wire between the current collecting plates. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing methods for calculating the dynamics of mechanical interaction of the current collector with the chain suspension. As a result of computer modeling in the Comsol Multiphysics software package, the volumetric power density of resistive heating from the intrinsic resistance of the contact wire was determined. © 2024 Seidulla Abdullayev, et al.
Abstract Purpose. Quantitative assessment of the impact of the level of digital integration of participants in the raw materials logistics cluster of Kazakhstan on the stability and controllability of iron ore supply chains based on hybrid modelling. Methodology. The research methodology is based on hybrid simulation modelling, combining multi-agent modelling (MAS) and system dynamics (SD) to describe the functioning of a raw materials logistics cluster. The model with a discrete time step of one day simulates the behaviour of the mines, transport operator and metallurgical enterprise, as well as the dynamics of supplies, inventories and order formation based on the base-stock policy. The level of digital integration is set by a scalar parameter that affects information lags, correlation of failures and coordination of participants' decisions. Findings. It is shown that an increase in the level of digital integration in the considered operating modes of the system leads to a decrease in the standard deviation of total daily supplies and a decrease in the probability of shortages. A significant weakening of the bullwhip effect has been established: the ratio of supply variation to demand variation decreases by more than half - from 4.6 to 2.1. The nonlinear threshold nature of the influence of digital integration on the dynamic stability of the system has been revealed, which manifests itself in the dependence of the time of inventory restoration on the level of digitalization and the mode of operation of the logistics system. Originality. A hybrid SD + MAS model has been developed, calibrated on a real raw material logistics cluster in Kazakhstan, and the threshold nature of the impact of digital integration on the sustainability and controllability of raw material supply chains has been identified. Practical value. The developed model allows one to assess the consequences of the introduction of cluster digital platforms, considering the operating mode of the logistics system and the large-scale parameters of the raw materials cluster. When planning the digitalization of raw materials logistics clusters, it is necessary to consider not only the target level of information systems integration, but also the current operational state of the supply chain, including capacity utilization levels, inventory structure and system sensitivity to information lags. © Bekzhanova S. E., Imasheva G. M., Issina B. M., Mukhametzhanova A. V., Lytvyn V. V., 2026
Abstract The object of the study is the onboard diagnostic process in CubeSat nanosatellite systems, with particular emphasis on fault detection based on real-time analysis of multivariate telemetry data under real-time embedded operating conditions. The problem statement is the gap between the relatively low computational expenses and predictability of classical FDIR approaches and their limited ability to detect complex anomalies, and, conversely, the greater anomaly sensitivity and lower embedded performance of machine-learning models. A hybrid onboard diagnostic architecture that integrates telemetry acquisition, telemetry preprocessing, statistical feature extraction, a deterministic FDIR branch, a lightweight machine-learning branch, and decision fusion into one onboard diagnostics session has been elaborated. The proposed hybrid onboard diagnostic architecture has been evaluated based on hardware-in-the-loop testing using representative telemetry and fault cases for CubeSat systems. The evaluation metrics were the fault-detection accuracy, the detection latency, the CPU consumption, the memory consumption, and the resistance to telemetry noise. The hybrid onboard diagnostic architecture was compared to the conventional threshold-based FDIR system and standalone machine learning algorithms under the same HIL conditions. In the reported experiment setup, the proposed hybrid onboard diagnostic architecture demonstrated the fault-detection accuracy of 94%, while the classical FDIR method provided 71%, and the standalone machine-learning approach provided 88%. The average detection latency was decreased to 83 ms, in contrast to 120 ms and 95 ms, respectively. The embedded solution requires only 17.6% CPU and 58 KB of memory. Under the highest telemetry-noise level, the fault-detection accuracy of the proposed hybrid onboard diagnostic architecture decreases to 80%, whereas the standalone machine-learning and the classical FDIR baselines provide only 65% and 43% fault-detection accuracy, respectively. Copyright © 2026, Authors.
Bentonite materials are widely utilized across various industries due to their unique physicochemical properties. This study presents a qualitative and comparative analysis of mineral substances derived from ben tonite clay deposits in East Kazakhstan. The montmorillonite content in the samples ranges from 75.5% to 88%, with adsorption capacity (determined by the methylene blue method) varying between 119 and 204 mg/g. The pH of the samples lies within the range of 7 to 10. FTIR and XRF analyses confirmed the presence of major components such as silicon and aluminum oxides, while X-ray diffraction identified montmorillonite as the dominant crystalline phase. Textural characterization revealed specific surface areas of 94–104 m²/g, pore volumes of 0.03–0.05 cm³/g, and pore sizes between 0.8 and 1.04 nm. SEM analysis demonstrated a flaky, layered, and porous morphology typical of bentonite. Based on these properties, the bentonite samples exhibit strong potential for industrial use. They are applicable in oil production (as components of drilling fluids) and construction (as insulating and sealing agents). Additionally, their high sorption capacity makes them promising candidates for pharmaceutical applications, particularly as carriers in topical formulations such as ointments and pastes for wound healing and inflammatory skin conditions.
Bentonite materials are widely utilized across various industries due to their unique physicochemical properties. This study presents a qualitative and comparative analysis of mineral substances derived from ben tonite clay deposits in East Kazakhstan. The montmorillonite content in the samples ranges from 75.5% to 88%, with adsorption capacity (determined by the methylene blue method) varying between 119 and 204 mg/g. The pH of the samples lies within the range of 7 to 10. FTIR and XRF analyses confirmed the presence of major components such as silicon and aluminum oxides, while X-ray diffraction identified montmorillonite as the dominant crystalline phase. Textural characterization revealed specific surface areas of 94–104 m²/g, pore volumes of 0.03–0.05 cm³/g, and pore sizes between 0.8 and 1.04 nm. SEM analysis demonstrated a flaky, layered, and porous morphology typical of bentonite. Based on these properties, the bentonite samples exhibit strong potential for industrial use. They are applicable in oil production (as components of drilling fluids) and construction (as insulating and sealing agents). Additionally, their high sorption capacity makes them promising candidates for pharmaceutical applications, particularly as carriers in topical formulations such as ointments and pastes for wound healing and inflammatory skin conditions.
Most deposits of manganese ores in Kazakhstan are mined in an open way. This creates large waste dumps that are not disposed of and have a negative impact on the environment. Since these wastes contain various valuable components, they can be used as an alternative raw material source in the production of various inorganic materials. However, there is no practice of involving overburden waste in production in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this workis to study the process of leaching overburden waste from the Zhayrem deposit with various mineral acids and the possibility of using the resulting solutions as liquid mineral fertilizers enriched with trace elements. Results and discussion. The process of leaching overburden waste from the Zhayrem manganese ore deposit with various mineral acidswas investigated. It has been shown that the optimal reagents of the leaching process are nitric and orthophosphoric acids. It was revealed that leaching of overburden waste with 10% solutions of these acids at Т: Ж= 1:25 and a temperature of 50 ° Сleads to the formation of productive solutions that can be recommended for use as a basis for the production of liquid phosphorus or nitrogen fertilizers containing the trace element manganese.