For solving problems of analysis, calculation, optimal design and control of technological processes, a powerful system-logical and formal-mathematical apparatus is the system-element methodology. This methodology has been developed to describe the processes of coagulation and sedimentation in multiphase turbulent flows. From the standpoint of systems analysis, it includes three stages: qualitative analysis of the structure of the physicochemical system (PCS); synthesis of the structure of the functional diagram of physical and chemical effects; identification and evaluation of system parameters based on experimental data. Considering the totality of physicochemical effects and phenomena, six types were identified - from phenomena at the molecular level to the totality of processes that determine the hydrodynamic situation in the apparatus as a whole. Approximately to the general case, in the future, a system-element methodology was proposed, designed to create an ecologically perfect unit and including 10 stages, starting with the formulation of the problem and the choice of initial data and ending with the design task. We have proposed a more advanced system-element methodology for research and environmental modernization of technological equipment, the stages of which do not describe the specifics of a particular process, but at the same time reflect the integrity and logical sequence of the research.

In recent years, the automotive industry has developed rapidly, and the lack of oil resources and the increasingly serious environmental pollution caused by car exhaust emissions pose serious problems for its further development. Hydrogen, as an alternative motor fuel, has its own unique advantages in improving fuel economy and reducing harmful gas emissions. However, we cannot directly use hydrogen as an alternative fuel because of its high cost. properties.

Recent developments in the physics of high-index resonant dielectric nanostructures suggest alternative mechanisms for subwavelength light control driven by Mie resonances with strong magnetic response that can be employed for a design of novel optical metasurfaces. Here we demonstrate metasurfaces based on nanoimprinted perovskite films optimized by alloying the organic cation part of perovskites. We reveal that such metasurfaces can exhibit a significant enhancement of both linear and nonlinear photoluminescence (up to 70 times) combined with advanced stability. Our results suggest a cost-effective approach based on nanoimprint lithography and combined with simple chemical reactions for creating a new generation of functional metasurfaces which may pave a way towards highly efficient planar optoelectronic metadevices.

The designs of modern road construction machines do not solve the problem of isolating the operator from the negative impact of both the production environment and the equipment. Constructive modification or exclusion of the operator from a potentially dangerous area of work when using remote control technology is an effective way to solve the problem. In this regard, the paper presents statistical data from the period 2019-2020 and provides a qualitative assessment of the risks associated with the operation of road construction machines. The occurrence of the events under consideration shows the assumption by operators of deliberate, often unmanageable risks when performing technological tasks. The study of scientific works has established that the problem of isolating the workplace of the operator of road construction machines from the negative factors of production conditions remains relevant.

The article deals with the problems of increasing the energy efficiency of dynamic pumps, and suggests a method for upgrading the impellers. To increase the hydraulic efficiency, the option of replacing the traditional homogeneous vane grille with a heterogeneous grille was considered. To justify the feasibility of using the modification option, the theory of shockless flow entry into the impeller is presented and analyzed. The article presents a calculation algorithm and a flowchart for automating the calculation of the parameters of a wheel with a heterogeneous vane grille, where the initial data were the pump head H, the pump supply Q, and the shaft speed of a centrifugal multi-stage pump n. A feed variation parameter was also proposed for determining the angles of occurrence and the angles of installation of the blades of a heterogeneous grille, which is determined from the condition of the expansion of the feed zone. The results of the automated calculation of the parameters of a heterogeneous vane lattice are presented.

In this article, the models of steel-copper and steel-aluminum bimetallic wires obtained in the course of computer simulation in Deform program were studied, the main parameters of the stress state (equivalent stress and average hydrostatic pressure) were considered. When considering the equivalent stress, it is found that in the model with an aluminum shell, a fairly uniform distribution of stress is observed over all layers; in the model with a copper shell, due to the intensification of compression of the steel core, the stress distribution in both layers is extremely uneven – in the shell, the stress level decreases sharply in the direction from the outer layers to the inner ones. When considering the average hydrostatic pressure, it is found that when the aluminum shell changes to copper, the hydrostatic pressure in both layers increases in absolute values, which is a consequence of an increase in the overall level of deformation resistance.

In this work, the technology of layer-by-layer concrete pouring and construction of 3D printers was studied. The degree of freedom of the working body of a 3D printer in the design, which allows the print head to move along a given trajectory, directly affects the pouring of layered concrete from a simple parallel shape to a complex shape relative to the ground. The designs of 3D printers in construction are analyzed in detail, the features of each design are considered, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Almost all of the considered designs of 3D printers are taken from real projects. In addition, the dimensions and features of work areas that can be provided by construction 3D printers during construction are discussed, as well as their direct impact on the shape, complexity and size of the building under construction.

At present, the human impact on the biosphere is global in nature, in connection with which the issues of environmental pollution by many toxic substances, including heavy metals, have become very urgent. The long period of self-cleaning of contaminated soils and the high cost of their technogenic cleaning make mankind look for new ways to solve this problem. The identification of plant objects characterized by a minimal accumulation of heavy metals is the most promising direction in this area. The aim of our study is to determine the tolerance of wheat genotypes to severe metals, priority in the East Kazakhstan region, as well as identification of donors for breeding for metal resistance and promising forms of wheat. The object of research in this work is the genotypes of spring wheat from the collection of the East Kazakhstan Research Institute of Agriculture: GVK (East Kazakhstan genotype) -11/14, GVK-19056, GVK-19055, GVK-19012, GVK-19009.

In the sources of scientific literature, there is still little systematic data on the phase equilibria, possible forms and compositions of arsenate compounds formed during pyrolysis, and the kinetic characteristics of the processes occurring. Despite the fact that such approaches have been sufficiently developed in practice, the increase in the arsenic content in primary raw materials has already made its own adjustments and requires additional research both in terms of the theory of phase equilibria of oxides and arsenate-arsenite compounds, and in terms of using the new data obtained to develop optimal solutions for practice. The results of thermogravimetric investigations of the synthesized calcium arsenate and its mixture with pyrite in the atmosphere of air, nitrogen and vacuum. The mechanisms of dehydration Arce-coordinate of calcium and sulfiding pyrite during heating. Calculated values of apparent activation energies of the processes.

In recent years, the scientific and technical literature has been actively discussing ideas for creating digital twins to solve a wide range of problems that arise before enterprises of various kinds. Advances in information technology and the development of essential software are indeed delivering important new results through the creation of digital twins. The article discusses a proposal for the construction of a network of digital twins used as models for solving a number of urgent problems in complex telecommunication systems. Two applications are considered as examples of such tasks. The first application is the organization of information feedback for enterprises engaged in the life cycle of a telecommunications network: "the formation of modernization principles, equipment development, design, construction, operation." The second application is traffic monitoring, including its atypical behaviour in order to avoid repeating erroneous actions in the event of abnormal situations.