As is well known, one of the key problems facing modern humanity is atmospheric pollution caused by harmful industrial emissions, which negatively affect both the environment and public health. The main goal of this study is to conduct an analytical assessment of the impact of atmospheric air pollution on public health, using molybdenum production as an example. The evaluation includes an analysis of the acute toxic effects of pollutants on public health resulting from emissions of a molybdenum enterprise. The assessment of health risks caused by exposure to chemical air pollutants in the emissions of molybdenum mining enterprises revealed that the individual carcinogenic risk associated with substances such as nitrogen dioxide, dust, ammonia, sodium sulfide, and benzo [a] pyrene (a total of 17 substances) is 0.999.

The purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative cargo fastening system using aramid fasteners to improve the safety and stability of cargo transportation. The research methodology included the analysis of existing solutions, the development of conceptual models, mathematical calculations, and the modelling of the system using three-dimensional models. In addition, this study paid special attention to the choice of fastening materials, such as aramid fibre, and analysed the strength characteristics of fasteners to ensure maximum safety of cargo transportation. As a result of the work conducted, an innovative cargo and object fixation system was created, which provides a high level of protection and safety for the cargo, allowing it to avoid damage and emergency situations during transportation. Notably, this system is able to effectively distribute the load and reduce the impact of inertial forces, ensuring stability and reliability during the transportation of goods of various types and sizes. An additional substantial advantage of this innovative solution is its versatility, which allows its successful use in various scenarios and conditions. The technical solution created is suitable for moving both light and heavy loads and can be effectively applied to various types of vehicles. Copyright: © 2025 Nadezhda Dolzhenko, Gulnar Imasheva, Assel Berkesheva, Olga Garmash, and Tasbulat Beketov. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license.

The article presents the results of enrichment of gold-bearing ore from the Aktobe deposit, containing 1.57 g/t of gold, using flotation and gravity–flotation flowsheets with a closed flotation circuit. The expediency of obtaining gold-bearing concentrate by flotation with one cleaner operation is established. The following process indicators are obtained: the yield of the flotation concentrate is 6.13%; the gold content is 23.01 g/t at the recovery of 89.84%. The comparative analysis of the closed-loop flotation circuit results shows that the obtained indicators in both flotation and gravity–flotation flowsheets are approximately at the same level. The highest process indicators in terms of recovery are obtained using the integrated grinding–centrifugal concentration–flotation flowsheet with one cleaner operation. In this case, gold recovery is 90.56%, which is 0.72% higher than the recovery in flotation flowsheet. The studies on gold cyanidation and adsorption at activated carbon grade Gold Curb 207 C demonstrate low gold recovery, both during cyanidation of the original ore (recovery 62.42%) and during cyanidation of the flotation concentrate (recovery 48.53%). To increase the cyanidation efficiency, the methods of concentrate preparation for cyanidation such as pyrometallurgical treatment (roasting) and mechanical activation (ultrafine grinding) are recommended. © 2025, Ore and Metals Publishing house. All rights reserved.

The study considered ore enrichment waste from the Ashiktas, Akbakai, and Maikain deposits to create sorbents based on silicophosphates. X-ray phase and electron probe elemental analysis were carried out, which confirmed the presence of silicon, aluminosilicate, and other valuable components suitable for the sorbents synthesis. The optimal synthesis temperature (600°C) contributes to the sorbents' porous structure development and a sorption capacity increase concerning Ni2+ ions, allowing them to be used to purify industrial wastewater from heavy metals, which was proven using zeta potential measurements and SEM images.

Extraction of gold from refractory gold-bearing ores in processing with combined flow charts is higher if more gold is extracted by gravity methods before flotation and hydrometallurgical circuits. The article presents the results of gravity beneficiation of refractory gold-bearing ore from the Aktobe deposit with the cyanidation-recoverable gold content of 46.47%. Assessment of the gravity separation efficiency used the GRG-test which found that 35.93% of gold could be extracted in centrifugal concentration. Two flow charts of gravity concentration of ore in the grinding circuits with jigging and centrifugal concentration were tested. The studies find out that the main amount of Aktobe gold has a size less than 0.1 mm, and it is recommended to recover such gold by combining grinding and centrifugal concentration in the integrated processing circuit. © 2024, Ore and Metals Publishing house. All rights reserved.

Along with the evolution of renewable energy technologies and some other systems such as electric vehicle, demands for batteries as storage unit has increased. Keeping the temperature of batteries in a specific range is necessary to have reliable performance and prevent degradation. In regard to the enhanced thermophysical specifications compared with pure heat transfer fluids, nanofluids would be attractive alternatives for them in thermal management of batteries. The purpose of this article is to identify the impact of using nanofluids for thermal management of batteries as heat transfer fluid with improved properties and evaluate the impactful factors in their cooling performance both as direct coolant or operating fluid of heat pipes as cooling mediums. In this regard, this article reviews the studies implemented on the thermal management of batteries by use of nanofluids. Reduction in maximum temperature of battery packs and temperature difference, due to elevation of heart transfer as a consequence of increment in the thermal conductivity, are the most remarkable outcome of using nanofluids for battery thermal management. Although nanofluids could be advantageous in term of heat transfer intensification, increment in the pressure drop can be one of the disadvantages in conditions of using liquid flow. In cases of using nanofluidic thermal mediums like heat pipes, the enhancement in the cooling performance can be attributed to some other factors, e.g. increase of nucleation sites for promotion of two-phase heat transfer, as well as thermal conductivity elevation. Concentration of the nanomaterials, operating condi tions, specifications of the solid phase are among the most significant items in the effectiveness of the cooling techniques with nanofluids. In design of nanofluidic thermal management units of batteries, the mentioned influential factors must be taken into account to reach the optimal performance.

Microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) are effective and compact thermal management devices that are broadly developed in recent years. Performance of these equipment is impacted by a variety of the factors that have been investigated and evalu ated by the scholars and researches. Use of coolant with improved thermal properties can elevate heat transfer rate and consequently the thermal performance. One of the attractive techniques for improvement of convective heat transfer is use of nanofluids, with higher thermal conductivity in comparison with the conventional heat transfer fluid, as the coolant. The aim of the current article is to comprehensively review the applications of the hybrid nanofluids, containing more than single nanomaterial in the base fluid, in the MCHSs. Findings of the research works on the use of these nanofluids in MCHSs have revealed considerable potential for elevation in heat transfer rate. Several factors impact the modification of heat transfer in MCHSs with hybrid nanofluids including the characteristics of the coolant, configuration of the system and operating conditions. As well as heat transfer, other factors such as the pressure drop and entropy generation would be impacted due to the existence of the hybrid nanomaterials in the working fluid. Some recommendations are presented in this article for the forthcoming researches in order to further enhance the heat transfer and modify the characteristics of these systems.

The properties of phosphate coatings formed on St3 carbon steel were investigated using calcium–manganese–phosphate solutions derived from Zhayrem ore beneficiation wastes and compared with conventional Mazhef salt solutions. Protective performance was evaluated using the drop method, gravimetric tests, and electrochemical techniques. Coatings obtained from the waste-derived solution at 85 °C for 60 minutes exhibited a protective capacity 1.5 times higher than those formed in Mazhef solutions. Electrochemical measurements confirmed this result, with corrosion current densities of 0.974 µA/cm2 for waste-derived coatings, compared to 1.623 µA/cm2 for Mazhef coatings and 2.337 µA/cm2 for uncoated steel. Gravimetric tests showed a lower mass loss over 8 days of immersion (0.0024 g vs. 0.0058 g). SEM and EDS analyses revealed that waste-derived coatings formed dense Ca–Fe–Mn–P layers with a thickness of ~11.1 µm, while Mazhef coatings were thinner (2.96–6.23 µm) and more porous. These findings demonstrate that manganese ore beneficiation wastes are an effective and sustainable source of phosphating agents for producing corrosion-resistant coatings on carbon steel.

The research considers an hourly residential load demand with a daily average of 988kWh/day and investigates possible standalone systems, including solar panels (photovoltaic [PV]), wind turbines (WTs), diesel generator (DG), biogenerator (BG), and battery bank (Bat), to provide the load demand, for a case study located in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, where the monthly solar radiation and wind speed are 5.74kWh/m2/day and 5.33m/s, respectively. In this study, enviroeconomic factors, including inflation and discount rates, capacity shortage and load demand, CO2 and SO2 penalties, diesel and biomass prices are considered, while they were not considered in the previous studies in Saudi Arabia. The results show that the net present cost and cost of energy of the optimized system are $1.03M and 0.178$/kWh, respectively. Additionally, the prices of diesel fuel and biomass have a significant impact on the CO2 emissions of the system, even with a 10% increase in the renewable fraction. The results of sensitivity analyses show that increasing the CO2 emission penalty from 20 to 80$/ton leads to a decrease in CO2 emissions by 50%. The effect of the initial cost of WT on the configuration of the optimal system is higher than that of PV, and increasing both prices significantly leads to an increase in CO2 emissions.

The purpose of the article is an experimental study of the impact of the wheelsets of a mainline diesel locomotive on the railway track on straight sections of the track. The measurements were performed on a vibration measuring device consisting of MV25 DV type sensors and an oscillation converter for a digital signal. It is proved that the indicators of dynamic characteristics comply with regulatory requirements. As a result of the conducted research, digital data was collected from the ADC and general monitoring was carried out. Measurement and signal processing are carried out using special software of a personal computer such as a “Notebook”. Vertical static load of a wheelset of a railway rolling stock unit on rails: the load of a railway rolling stock unit on rails attributed to one wheelset, taking into account the actual location of the center of gravity of the superstructure.