This article is a new robotic arm for cleaning the floor in the toilet with an increased radius of action of the robotic arm type SCARA. The most common current trends in production include short production cycles, low volumes and a wide variety of orders that can be solved with the help of the SCARA robot. With the advent of the COVID-19 virus in the world, the term "cleaning and disinfection" has become one of the most important tools for preventing the population from becoming infected with the virus. The research focuses on the research and implementation of SCARA-type robots and describes the possibilities of using a SCARA-type robot. This article describes the selection and deployment of a SCARA robot in industrial automation. This research project describes the simulation of a new SCARA-type robotic arm with a long reach and sliding mechanism, we have developed a new multi-joint robotic arm for working in confined spaces with an autonomous toilet floor cleaning system.

The article considers the effect of doping with magnesium oxide (MgO) on changes in the properties of lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate (Li2ZrO3). There is interest in this type of ceramics on account of their prospects for application in tritium production in thermonuclear power engineering, as well as several other applications related to alternative energy sources. During the investigations undertaken, it was found that variation in the MgO dopant concentration above 0.10–0.15 mol resulted in the formation of impurity inclusions in the ceramic structure in the form of a MgLi2ZrO4 phase, the presence of which resulted in a rise in the density of the ceramics, along with elevation in resistance to external influences. Moreover, during experimental work on the study of the thermal stability of the ceramics to external influences, it was found that the formation of two-phase ceramics resulted in growth in the preservation of stable strength properties during high-temperature cyclic tests. The decrease in strength characteristics was observed to be less than 1%. © 2023 by the authors.

This research introduces a novel convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN-BiLSTM) hybrid network for the automatic classification of heart arrhythmias using 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). By merging the spatial feature extraction capabilities of CNNs with the temporal precision of BiLSTM networks, our approach sets a new standard in cardiac diagnostics. The proposed model was tested against the comprehensive CPSC2018 dataset, demonstrating superior performance with an accuracy of 90.67%, precision of 93.27%, recall of 96.35%, and an F-score of 94.78%, surpassing existing state-of-the-art methods. These results underscore the effectiveness of integrating spatial and temporal data analysis, offering a robust and reliable tool for medical practitioners. This study represents a significant advancement in automated ECG analysis, paving the way for improved diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases, and contributing to enhanced patient outcomes in cardiac care. © 2025, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

Traditional methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), often require toxic and flammable organic reagents or result in a high carbon footprint, raising both health and environmental concerns. In this paper, we present an improved method for synthesizing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles using affordable and widely available precursors, boric acid, and urea. Our approach modifies the conventional techniques by introducing a two-step thermal treatment process, with nitrogen serving as an inert atmosphere and hydrogen as a diffusing agent. The resulting h-BN nanoparticles exhibit remarkable uniformity and high crystallinity. Characterization through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of amorphous nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm during the initial heat treatment at 600 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Further heat treatment at 1000 °C in a nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture led to the crystallization of highly uniform h-BN nanoparticles, reducing their size to approximately 6 nm. This method ensures high morphological homogeneity and product purity, making it effective for the large-scale production of h-BN nanoparticles. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

Groundwater is the main source of water for drinking, household use, and irrigation in Kabul; however, the water table is dropping due to the excessive extraction over the past two decades. The groundwater restoration criteria selection mainly depends on the techniques used to recharge the aquifer. The design of infiltration basins, for example, requires different technical criteria than the installation of infiltration wells. The different set of parameters is relevant to water being infiltrated at the surface in comparison with water being injected into the aquifers. Restoration of the groundwater resources are complicated and expensive tasks. An inexpensive preliminary investigation of the potential recharge areas, especially in developing countries such as Afghanistan with its complex Upper Indus River Basin, can be reasonably explored. The present research aims to identify the potential recharge sites through employing GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and combining remote sensing information with in situ and geospatial data obtained from related organizations in Afghanistan. These data sets were employed to document nine thematic layers which include slope, drainage density, rainfall, distance to fault, distance to river channel, lithology, and ground water table, land cover, and soil texture. All of the thematic layers were allocated and ranked, based on previous studies, and field surveys and extensive questionnaire surveys carried out with Afghan experts. Based on the collected and processed data output, the groundwater recharge values were determined. These recharge values were grouped into four classes assessing the suitability for recharge as very high (100%), high (63%), moderate (26%), and low (10%). The relative importance of the various geospatial layers was identified and shows that slope (19.2%) is the most important, and faults (3.8%) the least important. The selection of climatic characteristics and geological characteristics as the most important criteria in the artificial recharge of the aquifer are investigated in many regions with good access to data and opportunities for validation and verifications. However, in regions with limited data due to the complexities in collecting data in Afghanistan, proper researching with sufficient data is a challenge. The novelty of this research is the cross-disciplinary approach with incorporation of a compiled set of input data with the set of various criteria (nine criteria based on which layers are formed, including slope, drainage density, rainfall, distance to fault, distance to river channel, lithology, ground water table, land cover, and soil texture) and experts’ questionnaires. The AHP methodology expanded with the cross-disciplinary approach by adding the local experts´ questionnaires survey can be very handy in areas with limited access to data, to provide the preliminary investigations, and reduce expenses on the localized expensive and often dangerous field works. © 2022 by the authors.

Styrene adsorption has always been a research focus in the field of the gas environment due to its widespread usage. Removal of styrene using activated carbon has been verified because of the physicochemical properties of SMACs prepared by activating Silybum marianum L. waste powder. Hence, a series of novel SMACs were synthesized from NaOH, KOH, and H3PO4 ratio of 1:1–5 w/w and pyrolyzing at 450–950 °C and then washed activated carbon with HCl and NaOH. SMAC82, SMAC137, and the optimal AC (SMAC249) had the largest styrene adsorption capacity, 229, 170, and 136 mg/g for 700 ppm of styrene. Styrene is a typical model for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, and the findings demonstrated that it is rapidly absorbed into SMAC82, SMAC137, and SMAC249 through strong physical sorption. The calculated adsorption amounts showed that the styrene capture processes were feasible for adsorption within a suitable contact time and with excellent equilibrium adsorption capacities. Also, the results showed that the highest removal efficiency at 25 °C by the adsorption of SMAC82, SMAC137, and SMAC249 was 92%, 88%, and 86%, respectively. The efficiency results of SMAC82, SMAC137, and SMAC249 show that the styrene breakthrough at 25 °C compared to that of 35 and 45 °C increases approximately two times. Overall, this SMAC82 presented an excellent separation performance for styrene removal and can be a potential option for industrial applications of other VOCs in gas-phase, indicating good adsorption ability. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need for practical development and implementation of integrated solutions for the decentralisation of power supply to various geographical regions suffering from a shortage of electric energy due to pronounced problems with the energy supply. The purpose of this study is to identify the main aspects of the development of integrated solutions for the decentralisation of energy supply to power-hungry regions, which may be of significant practical importance from the standpoint of improving the quality of energy supply to such regions. The leading methodological approach in this study is a combination of methods of system analysis of existing principles for the development of integrated solutions for the decentralisation of electricity supply to regions suffering from power shortages, with an analytical investigation of various aspects of electricity supply to power-hungry regions, which is of significant practical importance in terms of improving the quality of electricity supply to remote settlements and districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results obtained clearly indicate the existence of significant prospects for the use of alternative sources of electricity in the issues of decentralisation of power supply to power-hungry regions, and also demonstrate the sequence of development and practical implementation of integrated solutions aimed at timely solving this problem, aimed at meeting the demand for electric energy of residential facilities in these regions and industrial production located in them. The results of this study and the conclusions formulated on their basis are of significant practical importance for employees of power supply systems, who solve practical issues of electric energy supplies to remote geographical regions suffering from power shortages. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.

This study investigates the effectiveness of various polymer types, including hydrophobically modified polymers, polysaccharides, and synthetic polyacrylamides, in enhancing oil recovery and reducing environmental impact. This research aims to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of polymer compositions in flow-correcting technologies for oil production. Experimental research conducted at Satbayev University in 2024 evaluated polymer solutions under simulated high--temperature and high-salinity reservoir conditions, examining their potential to improve fluid viscosity, control filtration processes, and optimize hydrocarbon extraction. The research revealed significant technological advantages of polymer compositions, demonstrating their ability to create stable emulsions, reduce water recovery, and improve oil displacement profiles. Hydrophobically modified polymers increased reservoir fluid viscosity by 30%, while synthetic polyacrylamides showed remarkable adaptability to diverse geological conditions. Economic analysis indicated that polymer technologies could increase oil recovery by approximately 43% without requiring additional well drilling, thus reducing capital expenditures. Despite challenges related to temperature stability and economic considerations, the study concludes that polymer compositions represent a promising strategy for sustainable and efficient oil production, offering technological flexibility and improved resource management. © 2025. The Author(s).

The geodynamic hazards and risk assessment at the Karachaganak oil, gas, and condensate field (KOGCF) were explored on the northern board of the Pre-Caspian Basin to predict the consequences of the long-term exploitation of this field. We integrate multiple measurements, including repeated accurate leveling, Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, and high precision gravimetric and seismological monitoring at the KOGCF. The results of geodynamic monitoring at the KOGCF for the first time made it possible to prove noticeable seismic deformation processes in the sedimentary cover under the influence of hydrocarbon production. The vertical displacements and horizontal movement along faults, changes in local gravity anomalies, and earthquake sources at depths comparable to hydrocarbon production intervals at the KOGCF have been identified. The maximum amplitudes of modern vertical movement of the earth's surface and the minimum values of the differently oriented horizontal movement were revealed within the projection on the ground surface of the crest of the carbonate massif (Upper Devonian-Lower Permian age). The results suggest the expansion of uneven compression in the crest of the KOGCF while tension processes occur on its periphery. There is a decrease in gravity variations in relation to the slopes of this massif in areas with active hydrocarbon production. An extended zone of high-gradient steps of ΔGa anomalies, spatially coinciding with the position of fault zones, is mapped along the periphery of the contour of production wells. In the northeastern part of the KOGCF, seismic events were registered practically in the depth intervals of the productive horizons from which hydrocarbons are produced. A spatial relationship between the seismic events and the anomalous deformation activity in the northeast KOGCF has been revealed. Consequently, the field development has provoked both intense deformation of the earth's surface and weak local seismicity. © 2022 Editorial office of Geodesy and Geodynamics

This study analyzes 105 coal ash samples from Jurassic and Carboniferous coals from five mines in Kazakhstan, Lenin, Saradyr, Bogatyr, Maikuben, and Shubarkol, focusing on the inorganic elemental compositions, their occurrence, and industrial and environmental implications. Methods include coal ash yield and volatile matter analysis, mineralogical characterization via low-temperature ash X-ray diffraction (LTA-XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). High-temperature ash (HTA) was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), highlighting XRF’s potential for rapid multi-elemental analysis. Nine major elements (Al, Si, P, S, Fe, K, Ca, and Ti) and eleven trace elements (As, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, V, Ga, Mn, Ni, Y, Yb, and Zr) were identified in HTA samples through EDXRF. SEM and dendrogram analysis confirm their co-occurrence with quartz, kaolinite, pyrite, and accessory minerals such as chalcopyrite, zircon, rutile, and REE-bearing apatite. The elemental content of samples enhances industrial suitability by reducing emissions. Only Yb shows slight enrichment for economic benefits, along with La, Ce, and Nd, while concentrations of potentially toxic elements indicate minimal environmental risk. EDXRF demonstrates its efficiency for large-scale investigations, with all samples analyzed in a few days using automated overnight measurements. This approach shows promise for future studies focusing on trace elements, including REE. © 2024 by the authors.