В учебнике дается систематизированное изложение вопросов, отражающих современные тенденции в развитии электроники. Рассмотрены физические процессы, определяющие принципы построения и работы полупроводниковых, электровакуумных, газоразрядных, оптоэлектронных и квантовых приборов. Приведены основные характеристики и параметры диодов, транзисторов, тиристоров, симисторов и других приборов, составляющих элементную базу устройств информационной и силовой электроники. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам схемотехнической реализации и структурным особенностям фотопреобразователей - преобразователям солнечной энергии, обсуждаются вопросы проектирования современных источников электроэнергии на базе фотопреобразователей и солнечных панелей. Приведены основные характеристики и параметры солнечных панелей и схемы их включения. Учебник предназначен для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальностям: 6В07104/6В07112 - «Electronic and Electrical Engineering», 5В071900 - «Радиотехника, электроника и телекоммуникации» и 5В070300 - «Информационные системы».

Оқу құралы 6В05203 «Қолданбалы геология», 6В07202 «Геология және пайдалы қазбалар кенорындарын барлау» мамандығының студенттері оқитын «Пайдалы қазбалар кенорындарының өнеркәсіптік типтері» пәні бойынша дәрістерге ілеспе оқу материалдарының жиынтығы болып табылады. Студенттер бұл оқу құралын пайдалана отырып кенорындардың өнеркәсіптік типтерін терең меңгеруге мүмкіндік алады. Бұл жұмыста дүние жүзінің және Қазақстанның әртүрлі аймақтарындағы қара, түсті, бағалы, радиоактивті және сирек металдар кенорындарының өнеркәсіптік типтері қарастырылады. Ол кенорындардың өнеркәсіптік жүйеленуі кен денелерінің морфологиясына, олардың пайда болу геологиялық жағдайларына, кендердің минералдық және заттық құрамына және олардың технологиялық өңдеу ерекшеліктеріне негізделген. Студенттер кенорындарының негізгі өнеркәсіптік типтерін генезисіне қарамастан, тек өнеркәсіптік маңыздылығына қарай қарастырады. Бұл жағдайда студенттің пайдалы қазбалар экономикасына деген қызығушылығы артады және ол анықтаушы факторға айналады. Минерал-шикізат түрлері бойынша пайдалы қазбалар кенорындарының басты және қосымша түрлерімен танысып қана қоймай, белгілі бір геологиялық және өнеркәсіптік типке жататын кенорындарының үлгі тастар коллекцияларын сипаттап, сол арқылы нағыз геологтарға сай біліктілікке ие болады.

Camel milk has demonstrated robust immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in various clinical and experimental studies. However, no previous studies have characterized the cellular immunological effects of camel milk in the context of allergic asthma. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the protective effects of camel milk in house dust mite induced asthma in mice, which emulate human pulmonary inflammation. Female BALB/c mice aged 8- to 10-week-old were intranasally sensitized with vehicle or HDM in 2.5 µl (5 µg) per nostril, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. On day 22, mice received an HDM challenge by a large volume but low dose into the lung (5 µg in 50µl) using intranasal inoculation. Using oral gavage technique, CM/ HDM group mice received 0.5 ml of camel milk or vehicle five times a week, starting a day prior to sensitization. On day 23 following HDM challenge, mice were exposed to serial challenges with 10, 20, 40 and 100 mg/ml aerosolized methacholine to measure lung dynamics. Furthermore, BALF and whole lung samples were harvested to examine pulmonary inflammation. Camel milk effectively inhibited both HDM-induced infiltration of eosinophils and AHR. In addition to this, camel milk downregulates the number of pulmonary Th2 and Th17 cells and suppressed CCL17 expression in whole lung homogenates. Furthermore, camel milk reduced HDM-induced IL-4 and IL-13 expression following in vitro restimulation of pulmonary T cell subsets. Additionally, camel milk suppressed total concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 in the lung. These results corroborate the asthma-preventive potential of camel milk and highlight the significance of diminished local concentrations of Th2- associated cytokines. In the present study, the observed downregulation of asthma progression by camel milk suggests its potential health benefits; however, further experimental and controlled clinical trials are needed before it can be considered a supplementary approach for allergic asthma management.

This study presents a combined numerical and experimental analysis of heat and mass transfer in mare’s milk during vacuum sublimation drying, which is a process essential for producing high-quality powdered products. The numerical model was developed using two-dimensional simulations and validated against experimental data obtained for varying sample thicknesses (3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm). Results demonstrated a strong agreement between the model and experimental temperature data, with a coefficient of determination ((Formula presented.)) of 95% during the sublimation process. The findings revealed that thinner samples (3 mm) exhibited a 20% faster drying rate than thicker samples (7 mm), highlighting the critical role of sample thickness in sublimation dynamics. Additionally, the effects of heat flux distribution and mass loss due to sublimation were analyzed to understand the drying dynamics. This study highlights the importance of optimizing process parameters such as chamber pressure, shelf temperature, and sample thickness to enhance drying efficiency and reduce processing time.

Camel milk occupies a pivotal and essential position in the dietary customs of individuals residing in semi-arid and arid areas. Historically, the promotion and commercial distribution of camel milk have been negligible, primarily due to the absence of processing facilities in areas where camels are raised. Consequently, the consumption of untreated camel milk has been predominantly limited to nomadic households. However, owing to its health-enhancing effects, a substantial surge in the global demand for camel milk and its derivatives has been observed over the past two decades. This growing demand has prompted the dairy sector to introduce a diverse range of camel milk products, which are distinguished by their enhanced nutritional and functional properties. In contrast to products derived from bovine milk, the current market offers only a limited selection of food items sourced from camel milk. Recent advances in food processing technologies have enabled the production of an array of both dairy and non-dairy products derived from camel milk. This includes a variety of items such as powdered milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream. Moreover, in certain regions, camel milk is incorporated into customary cuisine, serving as a key ingredient in local culinary practices like fermented milk, camel milk tea, or as a fundamental component in various meals. This review underscores the possibility of transforming camel milk into a range of dairy products by addressing its intrinsic functional constraints. This objective can be realised by adjusting the processing parameters and modifying its chemical composition through enrichment techniques. Furthermore, further research avenues may focus on enhancing product quality and exploring innovative processing techniques.

With interest in camel milk growing due to its nutrients and biologically active compounds, research into methods of processing and drying it is crucial. In recent decades, extensive studies have explored its chemical composition and health benefits with a focus on drying techniques and their effects on its properties. This review systematically summarizes the available literature on camel milk drying processes and their effects on its chemical composition with a view to shortening the drying time. To achieve this goal, we meticulously reviewed numerous studies published between 2014 and 2024 to identify optimal drying methods that maximize the preservation of camel milk’s nutrient components and bioactive compounds. Our analysis revealed significant findings: freeze drying preserves nutrients better than spray drying, but is less efficient. Spray drying, while faster, tends to compromise some nutritional values.

Международный проект в рамках программы ERASMUS+ Capacity Building in Higher Education, координируемый Житомирским политехническим государственным университетом (Украина). Проект включает два направления: открытие образовательной траектории «Стратегический торговый контроль» в рамках образовательной программы 6В04103 «Бизнес-инжиниринг», а также разработку магистерской программы по эко-горной инженерии и инновационному управлению природными ресурсами (EMINReM). Руководитель от университета — Орынбасарова Э.О., ГМИ.

Международный проект в рамках программы Horizon 2020, грант MSCA-RISE No.823942. Реализуется совместно с Helmholtz-Centrum Hereon (Германия). Проект направлен на разработку и проектирование новых многофункциональных покрытий, полученных методом плазменного электролитического оксидирования (PEO), с улучшенными защитными и функциональными свойствами. Руководитель от университета — Serdechnova Maria, ГМИ.

Международный проект в рамках программы Horizon Europe, реализуемый совместно с Kingston University (Великобритания). Проект посвящён разработке многофункциональных устойчивых адсорбентов для очистки воды с применением плазменных технологий, а также защите здоровья человека от воздействия ксенобиотиков. Руководитель от университета — Азат Сейтхан, ГМИ.

Modern energy is at the crossroads of cutting-edge technologies that are revolutionizing the way power systems are controlled, managed and optimized. Leading the way in this process are IoT (Internet of Things), FPGAs (programmable gate arrays), and microcontrollers, including powerful devices such as ESP32. These technologies not only significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of energy systems, but also open up new prospects for creating sustainable and intelligent energy infrastructures. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, energy systems are actively monitored and optimized in order to ensure stable development and meet the growing energy needs of society. The use of IoT technologies allows you to quickly collect data on the operation of energy networks, analyze electricity consumption and predict changes based on information from sensors installed in various network nodes. The use of an FPGA provides high-speed processing of large amounts of data, which is necessary for real-time monitoring and control in conditions of rapidly changing load and dynamic energy processes.