The article presents the results of experimental studies of the methods of the geophysical survey of wells, performed on the territory of the Karazhambas field. Based on the materials of petrophysical and geophysical studies, petrophysical and reservoir-filtration features, texture-structural characteristics were clarified, and a unified method for interpreting the geophysical survey of wells was developed, which allows us to identify promising reservoirs. © Conference and Exhibition Eng. and Mining Geophysics

Currently, ANSYS Fluent software is widely used as an alternative engineering tool for describing the physical processes that occur in boiler furnaces and burners. Studies of the fuel preparation and combustion characteristics in the KVTK-100-150-4 boiler using the ANSYS Fluent program were performed. The characteristics of the combustion process in the combustion chamber were calculated. The analysis of methods for reducing the pollutant formation showed the rationality of using staged combustion to reduce NOx emissions. The performance of the proposed modeling method in MATLAB was demonstrated by using Type I and Type II error functions, followed by higher statistical performance such as error variance and correlation analysis. A comparative analysis was carried out to substantiate the superiority of the proposed modeling technique.

The Big Karatau is a recognised major mining region since the mid-XX century, with discoveries of not only lead and zinc deposits, but also those of gold, vanadium, granular phosphorites, barite and others. According to the Mineral Resources Development Programme, the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) is one of the world’s top ten countries in terms of ferrous and non-ferrous metal reserves. However, a significant part of the reserves seems to be uncompetitive for the fact that production volumes exceed the growth rate for almost all types of minerals. Considering that it takes at least 15 years from prospecting to development preparation, development of critical situation is expected in the RK copper, lead-zinc and gold-ore sectors in near future. On the other hand, the production decline has already led to socio-economic problems. Over the last ten years mining was halted at virtually all major deposits in South Kazakhstan: Mirgalimsai, Achisai, Bayzhansai. The Achpolymetal enterprise is the Kentau’s city-forming enterprise, and the relevance of discovering new commercially significant ore objects in this area is indisputable. The purpose of the work is to investigate the prospects of the southwest of the Greater Karatau ridge for polymetallic mineralization of crust-karst type within the limits of the Ayusai deposit. The object of the study are lithological and stratigraphic irregularities of undivided deposits of the Jurassic and Triassic deposits of Ayusai. The article presents a short review of the results of prospecting and geological surveys and the analysis of the geological and mineralogical assumptions. The results of scientific research suggest the discovery of the crust-karst-type commercial objects with complex lead-zinc-iron-bauxite ores within the study area of highly aluminous deposits with increased lead and zinc content. The results of complex geophysical methods can provide a geophysical basis for further geological exploration of the area, 3D-modelling and calculation of reserves. © 2022, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Bezymyannoye field is located in the eastern part of the Caspian depression, in the southwestern flank of a salt dome located on Zharkamys uplift. Prospects of oil and gas potential in this area are associated with the salt deposits of the Kenkiyak stage. The area under study can be considered one of the most perspective regions of Kazakhstan in increasing oil and gas production. Modern CDP seismic techniques provide solutions to structural and tectonic problems with high degree accuracy and reliability. However, the complexity of the geological structure and depth of surveying increases the inaccuracy of kinematic interpretation of seismic data up to a complete loss of data in target intervals, as evidenced by repeated facts of significant discrepancy between deep drilling data and seismic structures. The article highlights the most optimal choice and implementation of processing graphs based on reprocessing of 3D seismic data from a seismically and geologically complex area. Particular attention is paid to the structural interpretation, thus allowing clarifying the geological structure of Mesozoic rocks, Paleozoic productive and salt- bearing sediments in the area. The article recommended correlating productive horizons for further use in building a geological model. An additional study of the Upper-Permian structure is recommended for explorational drilling purposes.

The paper presents research results on the enhancement of diamond composites designed for tools application for mining industry, hard rocks cutting, able to withstand harsh conditions under heavy dynamical loads. In the present study, both CrB2 micropowder and VN nanopowder additives were used in proportions up to 5 wt.% and 6 wt.%, respectively, together with the basic matrix composition of 51 wt.% Fe, 32 wt.% Cu, 9 wt.% Ni, and 8 wt.% Sn. Addition of both components, CrB2 and VN, appeared to be advantageous in proportion of 2 wt.% and 4 wt.%, respectively. This composition exhibited the highest relative density of 0.9968, better than that without additives. Similarly, the highest values of compressive strength Rcm and flexural strength Rbm were reached for the composite with the same percentage of CrB2 and VN. Compared to the composite with no addition of CrB2 and VN, Rcm im-proved by almost 70%, while Rbm by 81%. Additionally, the abovementioned additives enhanced the ability of the matrix to prevent the diamond reinforcement from being torn out of the composite, which is very important under harsh working conditions of the cutting tools. The presence of CrB2 micropowder and VN nanopowder promoted densification of the matrix and adhesion between the diamond grits and the Fe‒Cu–Ni–Sn matrix. © 2023, Politechnika Lubelska

To study and assess the possibility of effective application of electrical prospecting by magnetotelluric sounding (MTsounding) and to determine the range of geological problems to be solved in the geoelectric conditions of the ShuSarysu geotraverse. Methodology. The issues of methodology of modern technologies of field observations, peculiarities of processing and interpretation of MTsounding data are considered, which showed that modern instrumental and methodical electrical survey technologies of MTsounding allow obtaining results of field measurements of increased reliability, due to their accuracy, productivity, mobility, noise immunity, level of automation. To identify the main features of the geoelectric structure of the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle, the modern technique of interpreting MT data allows for 1, 2D inversion of the effective curves of apparent resistivity and impedance phase. Findings. Based on MTsounding data, a geoelectric section of the ShuSarysu geotraverse was constructed, characterizing the position and morphology of five geoelectric boundaries in the crustal section in the 0–40 km depth interval. The identified five geoelectric horizons show good coincidence with the conventional seismic horizons and confidently correlate with the geological references established by GIS data. Originality. On the basis of MTsounding studies, the geological interpretation of the structure of suprasalt and subsalt structuralformation complexes is presented; the geological efficiency of MTsounding electrical prospecting in revealing the complex structures in the conditions of the ShuSarysu geotraverse is shown. On the basis of model constructions of the geoelectric section, new data on the deep geological structure of the ShuSarysu geotraverse were obtained: new data on the structure of Mesozoic terrigenoussedimentary rock complexes and the Paleozoic part of the section with the allocation of the supposed faults; on the basis of MTsounding results, recommendations for further detailed geological exploration work were given. Practical value. A comprehensive interpretation is recommended of the obtained MTsounding data together with the results of geological and geophysical research on the regional profile in order to establish search criteria for the discovery of mineral deposits and the prospects of gas content in the area

Climate change from anthropogenic activities had resulted in devastating disruptions in Kazakhstan. This includes drought in 2023 and flooding in 2024, with widespread water pollution. The field surveys and water-soil sampling were carried out in 2013 to study West Kazakhstan’s (WK) groundwater and soil. From this, preliminary classifications were made. The water was categorized into three groups: (1) potable household, (2) technical irrigation, and (3) unsuitable for use. WK is under intensive oil and gas exploration and processing activities, thus, groundwater in the region faces contamination risks. As a result, proper, permanent groundwater quality monitoring is needed. Along with these efforts, the groundwater and soil samples were collected and analyzed. This included measuring for different anions and cations concentration, hydrogen ions pH concentration, total dissolved salts (TDS), total water hardness С, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and sodium content (SC). The Piper and Durov Diagrams illustrate water-soil quality. The WK region was categorized into three groups by the water-soil quality outputs; the (1) group of the WK North-East region with the smallest salinity level, suitable for the household use; the (2) group of the WK South-East, suitable for irrigation, as technical water, which is unsuitable as the potable water and requires purifications for the household needs; the (3) group of the WK North-West, unsuitable for irrigation and high salt content, which requires substantial purification for the household or irrigation use. Among the salinity chemistry levels, the most common are chloride-sulfate, soda-sulfate, sulfate-soda by anions; next sodium and sodium-calcium by cations. Soda-saline lands were identified in some areas of the WK region. The upgrading of melioration for sufficient water quality improvement will require substantial efforts. The content of petroleum products in some soil samples significantly exceeds the maximum permissible concentration. A further, more detailed investigation is required with more permanent soil water monitoring efforts, especially following the recent flooding events.

The effects of chlorine-organic insecticide endosulfane (thiodan) on phenotypic and genetic variation in four morphological traits of Drosophila melanogaster (wing length, thorax length, the number of orbital bristles and the number of sternopleural bristles) were examined. In addition, the effect of this pesticide on stability of development measured as fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral traits was estimated. On the medium with endosulfane, phenotypic variation of morphometric traits was significantly higher. No difference in fluctuating asymmetry between the stressed and the control samples was found. The among-line variance of morphometric traits of flies reared on the endosulfane-containing medium was significantly higher as compared to the corresponding variance under control conditions. The efficiency of using fluctuating asymmetry and phenotypic variation of morphometric and meristic traits as indicators of environmental stress in insect populations is discussed.

The design of future fusion reactors involves the production of tritium inside the breeder blanket. The most promising material for solid breeder blankets is a two-phase lithium ceramic containing orthosilicate Li4SiO4 (LOS) and metatitanate Li2TiO3 (LMT) of lithium in various proportions. Tritium is formed in lithium under neutron irradiation by the reaction 6Li(n,α)T. Further, this tritium is extracted from the blanket with a purge gas and returned to the fusion zone, realizing the concept of a closed fusion cycle. Irradiation under fission reactor conditions is still one of the few available methods for estimating the parameters of tritium generation and release from lithium-containing materials in the "in-situ" mode. This paper presents the results of experiments on neutron irradiation of two-phase lithium ceramics of various ratios (LOS + 35 mol. % LMT (pebble size 250–1250 μm), LOS + 35 mol. % LMT (pebble size 500–710 μm) and LOS + 25 mol. % LMT (pebble size 500–710 μm) at the WWR-K research reactor. Irradiation of each batch of samples lasted from 5 to 22 days. The experiments were carried out by the vacuum extraction method. This paper describes the main methodological aspects of the studies, namely the technical features of four irradiation campaigns, the sequence and scope of the studies. A comparison is also made of the initial sections of reactor experiments for all campaigns, where the reactor was sequentially brought to power, according to which the parameters of the Arrhenius dependence of the effective tritium diffusion coefficients were estimated. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Charge-changing cross sections σCC for Ca42-51 on a carbon target at around 280 MeV/nucleon have been measured. Though the existing point-proton radii rp of Ca isotopes increase as the neutron number increases, the measured σCC data show a significant decrease, which is against the expectation from a simple Glauber-like model. We found that this observed phenomenon could be attributed to the charged-particle evaporation effect induced by the neutron-removal reaction. By taking the evaporation effect into account, various σCC data sets for nuclides from C to Fe isotopes on C12 measured at around 280 MeV/nucleon are reproduced with a standard deviation of 1.6%. It is also clarified that this evaporation effect becomes negligibly small in the neutron-rich region. The evaluated relation between σCC and rp using the current model indicates that σCC data for neutron-rich Ca isotopes (A≥51) are highly sensitive to rp. This high sensitivity potentially allows one to determine the rp of very neutron-rich nuclei. © 2022 American Physical Society.