Along with the evolution of renewable energy technologies and some other systems such as electric vehicle, demands for batteries as storage unit has increased. Keeping the temperature of batteries in a specific range is necessary to have reliable performance and prevent degradation. In regard to the enhanced thermophysical specifications compared with pure heat transfer fluids, nanofluids would be attractive alternatives for them in thermal management of batteries. The purpose of this article is to identify the impact of using nanofluids for thermal management of batteries as heat transfer fluid with improved properties and evaluate the impactful factors in their cooling performance both as direct coolant or operating fluid of heat pipes as cooling mediums. In this regard, this article reviews the studies implemented on the thermal management of batteries by use of nanofluids. Reduction in maximum temperature of battery packs and temperature difference, due to elevation of heart transfer as a consequence of increment in the thermal conductivity, are the most remarkable outcome of using nanofluids for battery thermal management. Although nanofluids could be advantageous in term of heat transfer intensification, increment in the pressure drop can be one of the disadvantages in conditions of using liquid flow. In cases of using nanofluidic thermal mediums like heat pipes, the enhancement in the cooling performance can be attributed to some other factors, e.g. increase of nucleation sites for promotion of two-phase heat transfer, as well as thermal conductivity elevation. Concentration of the nanomaterials, operating conditions, specifications of the solid phase are among the most significant items in the effectiveness of the cooling techniques with nanofluids. In design of nanofluidic thermal management units of batteries, the mentioned influential factors must be taken into account to reach the optimal performance. © 2025

he aim of this study is to determine the effect of changing the ratio of components in the composition of two-component xLi2TiO3 − (1-x)Li2ZrO3 ceramics on structural distortions and degradation of strength and thermal parameters under high-dose neutron irradiation. The assessment of structural changes was carried out using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method, which is one of the most accurate methods that allows for a quantitative and qualitative assessment of structural changes caused by irradiation, as well as determining the concentrations of various types of defects depending on the irradiation fluence. It was found that in the case of two-component lithium-containing ceramics, the resistance to accumulation of radiolysis products is due to the effects of the presence of interphase boundaries that inhibit the formation of radiolysis products. According to the qualitative assessment of the EPR spectra, it was established that in the case of two-component ceramics, the formation of HC2 – centers occurs at higher irradiation fluences (above 5 × 1020 neutron/cm2), while for one-component ceramics, the formation of radiolysis products is observed at irradiation fluences above 1019 neutron/cm2. In this case, a comparative analysis of the concentrations of defects formed in the damaged layer and their evolution indicates an increase in resistance to defect formation processes due to a change in the ratio of components in the composition of two-component ceramics. The improved stability of two-component ceramics against disordering and defect accumulation is attributed to grain boundaries, which act as barriers to oxygen vacancy migration and defect clustering. © 2025 The Author(s)

This article describes R&D connected with the technology of production of building materials using waste of the mining and metallurgical industry. The subject of research are mill tailings, as well as backfill and reinforcement mixtures with and without addition of tailings. The object of research are physical and mechanical properties, and features of curing of the test mixtures in the conditions of natural humidity. The characteristics of the initial materials, compositions of backfill and reinforcement mixtures, and their physical and mechanical properties were determined using standard techniques, and the physicochemical properties were identified from the X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Phases were specified on diffraction device DRON-3M, and the chemical analysis used X-ray fluorescent spectrometer EDX-8000. The granulometry was determined using three methods: sieve analysis by multifrequency screener MSA W/D-200 Kroosh Technologies Ltd.; diffraction analysis by laser particle size analyzer Helos-KR with Quixel add-on; dispersion analysis by a dry powder dispersion unit. Toward the industrial and ecological safety, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of waste from some large mines in Kazakhstan are described, and the environmental damage of the mining industry waste is investigated and taken into account. Mill tailings of a processing plant of a mining company in the Republic of Kazakhstan are analyzed. Some technologies are proposed to manufacture dry building mixtures and aerated concrete using mineral processing waste. The use of manmade mineral feedstock in manufacture of dry building mixtures and aerated concrete allows total substitution of carbonate and silica components, and saves consumption of Portland cement. The technical and economic effect of application of the developed compositions as masonry, finishing and polymeric materials for the building industry of Kazakhstan totals 329–2700 Tenge/m3 of mixture. The technology of no cement porous concrete manufacture uses a binder represented by burnt and ground lime from furnacing of carbonate-bearing waste. The binder is used jointly with a silica component — tailings of rare metal and complex ore processing, containing silicon dioxide. The technology of manufacture of aerated concrete using tailings is aimed at achieving: required thermal–insulating properties at the average dry density not higher than 500 kg/m3, structural–thermal–insulating properties at the average dry density of 500–900 kg/m3 and structural properties at the average dry density of 900–1200 kg/m3. © 2024, Ore and Metals Publishing house. All rights reserved.

The article provides the basic foundations of the implementation of sustainable development approaches in the world society and their interpretation in mining activities. The study also analyzes the regulatory framework and organizational mechanisms for the implementation of these principles in the Ukrainian mining industry. An analysis of the current state of rational subsoil use and solid industrial waste management in Ukraine is given. The concept of a mining cluster and prospects for its formation in the region of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin are substantiated. An algorithm designed to optimize the schedule of mining operations in the mining cluster is described. The Ingulets iron ore deposit was analyzed from the standpoint of integrated development. The reserves of talc shale extracted from the open-pit and stored in a man-made deposit for further sale are separately allocated. The order of mining works for the development of man-made deposits is given. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

The problem of preservation, and optimal demonstration of it to local residents and tourists of architectural monuments, is of constant scientific and public interest. Two concepts coexist in dialectical interaction: conservation to preserve the monument in the form in which it has come down to in our times, and restoration of the monument with the restoration of lost details. In each case, one or another decision is made, which finds both supporters and opponents. One of the aspects of this problem is the attitude to buildings that have long breaks in the history of conduct in their construction works. An interesting example of such a monument is the mausoleum-khanaka of Ahmed Yassawi in Turkestan, which remains unfinished. Given its importance for the self-determination of the culture of modern Kazakhstan, it seems appropriate to consider the planned design, which remains unrealized. For the first time, the article suggests, by way of discussion, several options proposed by the authors for solving the main facade of the mausoleum-khanaka and the shape of the central dome. © 2023 by the authors.

Stakeholder engagement in the dual education system is one of the key factors in developing a sustainable educational system. In this study, the authors aim to explore the role and responsibilities of the key stakeholders and the level of their engagement in the dual education system. The authors aim to contribute to stakeholder engagement in dual education by identifying, assessing, and prioritizing project stakeholders’ interests and influence on the education system. The paper used a case study approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives of vocational schools in Kazakhstan. The case study was conducted by comparing the results of the project stakeholder analysis in the dual education systems of Germany and the United States to Kazakhstan. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experienced educators from different vocational schools in Kazakhstan. The author's analysis reveals that significant changes are necessary to the legislation in Kazakhstan to improve the dual education system. © 2023, Penerbit UTHM. All rights reserved.

When carrying out geological exploration work, one of the primary tasks is energy supply. The energy supply system consists of many elements that ensure the production, transportation and conversion of energy. The specificity of geological exploration works is distinguished by its complexity associated with remoteness from the main energy systems, severe climatic conditions, and geolocation variability. In such conditions, the task of using alternative energy sources becomes relevant. One option is to use wind turbines. The development of wind turbines for geological exploration facilities is based on chaotic engineering solutions, which confirms the fact that there is no science-based methodology for the development of modern wind turbines. The article reveals the methodological foundations for the application of wind turbines in geological research. The specifics of geological exploration work are such that even a slight interruption in the power supply leads to downtime of the main technological equipment. Based on this, when developing large mineral deposits, it is advisable to use combined energy supply systems, including both traditional sources of energy supply and alternative sources as backup power supply systems. In the paper, based on the analysis of existing systems of alternative energy supply, a certain methodology has been developed that allows the most efficient and reasonable selection of one or another version of wind turbines. © National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2022.

During a polymer flood, the field operator must be convinced that significant chemical investment is not compromised at the early stages of polymer injection. Further, dissolved oxygen in the viscous polymer solution must be controlled at a safe level, where viscosity loss will be insignificant. Under anaerobic conditions, the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution is stable even if iron ions are present in the process water. Thus, in the field operation, introduced oxygen and existing iron ions will cause an enormous viscosity decline. The geochemical calculation reveals that dissolved oxygen can rapidly deplete after entering Kalamkas formation. This paper confirms this prediction through a combination of laboratory measurements and field observations. This study is based on rheology measurements of polymer solutions and produced fluid from the offset production well associated with the Kalamkas oilfield in Western Kazakhstan. Comprehensive analysis confirms no viscosity loss at the surface facilities during polymer preparation and injection at a Polymer Slicing Unit and significant viscosity loss at an Eductor-type unit caused by oxygen introduced during polymer solution preparation. However, even introduced high dissolved oxygen levels that degrade polymer at the surface can be rapidly depleted during contact with the formation, thereby promoting polymer chemical stability in the reservoir. © 2022 The Authors.

This paper explores the influence of the angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade profile. The paper presents calculations, modeling and graphical representation of the blade shape during rotation around the axis. Using the given parameters, such as the length of the blade, the radius of the upper and lower boundaries, as well as the angle of inclination of the blade, the calculation of the coordinates of the points of the blade profile for various angles of rotation is given. The cross-sectional area, volume and mass of the blade were also calculated. Appropriate calculations were made to approximate the center of mass of the blade. To evaluate the influence of the angle of attack on the blade profile, the angles of attack were calculated for various angles of rotation. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023.

Urban environments worldwide face toxic heavy metal pollution originating from industrial discharge, municipal waste disposal, vehicular emissions, and atmospheric deposition. Kazakhstan, experiencing accelerated economic growth and extensive mining activities, contends with widespread heavy metal contamination in its soil-plant-air-water ecosystems. This study explores the potential of hyperaccumulating plants for phytoremediation in urban soils of Kazakhstan contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Co. Twelve plant species, including Korean Mint (Lamiaceae), Ornamental Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum), Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Amaranth (Amaranthus Perfect and Amaranthus Emerald), Fescue (Festuca glauca), Burning Bush (Kochia scoparia), Marigold (Tagetes patula nana), White Cabbage (Brassica-Cavolo cappuccino BIANKO), Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), and Rapeseed (Brassica napus), were evaluated for growth and biomass production in urban soils spiked with two maximum permissible addition (MPA) treatments of Pb, Co, and Cd. The selected plants demonstrated varied responses to heavy metal stress, with Marigold (8.4 g shoot biomass/plant), Korean mint (10.5 g shoot biomass/plant), Rapeseed (19.9 g/shoot biomass), and Tepary bean (25.9 g shoot biomass/plant) exhibiting resilience or tolerance to Pb, Co, and Cd stresses. The results highlight the significant potential of these plants for efficient phytoremediation, showcasing their unique abilities to absorb and accumulate specific metals. Marigold, particularly, displayed noteworthy Pb accumulation (40.3 mg/kg biomass), resulting in reduced residual Pb concentrations in the soil (74.7 mg/kg). Conversely, White cabbage and Amaranth showed limited efficiency in Cd extraction, while Rapeseed and Tepary bean emerged as promising candidates for Cd phytoremediation. This study emphasizes the critical role of tailored plant species selection in designing effective phytoremediation strategies for specific metal-contaminated urban sites. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of metal accumulation and residual concentrations is crucial for the development of sustainable and efficient environmental remediation approaches. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of different plant species on soil metal concentrations, refining and optimizing phytoremediation methods for urban soils grappling with toxic heavy metal contamination. © 2024 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies.