This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the population structures, anatomical adaptations, and chloroplast genome organizations of three rare tree species—Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge, Celtis caucasica Willd., and Betula jarmolenkoana Golosk.—from the Northern Tien Shan region of Kazakhstan. Field surveys revealed species-specific demographic patterns, with F. sogdiana and B. jarmolenkoana populations displaying a complete age spectrum and signs of ongoing regeneration, while C. caucasica exhibited a lack of juvenile stages, indicating regeneration failure. Anatomical analysis of leaf and stem tissues highlighted adaptive features aligned with habitat conditions: F. sogdiana showed mesophytic traits suited for riparian environments, C. caucasica displayed xeromorphic structures reflecting drought tolerance, and B. jarmolenkoana demonstrated structural reinforcement adapted to high-altitude stressors. Whole chloroplast genome sequencing revealed conserved quadripartite architecture across species, with minor variations in gene content and inverted repeat boundaries suggesting lineage-specific evolution. The findings underscore the ecological sensitivity and conservation priority of these species and provide foundational data for future ecological monitoring, restoration efforts, and phylogenomic research in Central Asian montane ecosystems.

This study presents a scenario-based assessment of the future sensitivity of minimal low-water runoff to climate change in Western Kazakhstan. An ensemble of global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), combined with dynamically downscaled projections for Central Asia, was applied to estimate minimal monthly runoff during the summer–autumn and winter low-water periods for the rivers of the Zhaiyk–Caspian water management basin. The analysis covers three future time horizons: 2040 (2031–2050), 2060 (2051–2070), and 2080 (2071–2090), under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios: SSP3-7.0 (moderately high emissions) and SSP5-8.5 (high emissions). The results reveal a pronounced seasonal contrast in the projected hydrological response. During the winter low-water period, a steady increase in minimal runoff is projected for all rivers, with the most significant changes observed for the Or, Zhem, Temir, and Shagan rivers. This increase is primarily driven by higher winter precipitation, increased thaw frequency, and enhanced infiltration recharge. Conversely, despite modest increases in summer–autumn precipitation, minimal runoff during the summer–autumn low-water period is projected to decline significantly, particularly in the southern basins, due to elevated evapotranspiration rates and soil moisture deficits associated with rising air temperatures. These findings emphasize the importance of developing seasonally differentiated, climate-resilient water management strategies to mitigate low-flow risks and ensure water security under future climate conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

Modern air compressors used in the mining industry have a high margin of safety when operating in difficult conditions: This includes uneven terrain, high temperature differences and work underground. Scientific research, complex of theoretical and experimental studies, is carried out in order to obtain sound initial data, to find principles and ways to create a new generation of compressors for use in a mining field. Air compressors are used in deep mines, including supplying clean air, since there may not be enough air in the mine. The compressor can take in outside air, compress and filter it, then feed it into the tunnel. It is necessary to choose compressor equipment for use in mines very carefully; there are many potential risks and limitations. The basic problem, its relevance – in this paper, the issues related to the device, operation and the possibility of optimizing the design of a screw compressor, gas compressor station in the mining industry are considered. The methods used. The modeling of processes and the construction of flowcharts were carried out using programs MathCad, Drawio, MS PP. A simplified mathematical model of a screw compressor is obtained. Key hypotheses and conclusions. Of the work carried out, the optimal regulator capable of controlling the system with minimal energy consumption has been determined. Originality. The relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that in Kazakhstan and other developing countries special attention is paid to the issue of energy conservation. This requires an increase in the efficiency of gas compressor equipment in general and compressor stations in particular. The practical value is an optimal regulator capable of controlling the system with minimal energy consumption. © 2024, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

This scientific research explores the possibility of remotely controlling an ozone generator ETRО-02, based on electric spark discharge, through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The presented ozonator is designed to sterilize and purify drinking and wastewater. The use of IoT technology can enhance the efficiency of the ozonator and allow for remote monitoring and control of its operation process. The aim of this research is to describe the architecture and working principles of the system developed for managing the operational modes of the ozonator through IoT technology. This system can automatically adjust the ozone level through sensors, controllers, and other electronic components, as well as provide the user with timely information about the device's status. The research also pays special attention to the security, reliability, and scalability of the system. As a result, this study contributes to the development of a remote control system for ozonators using IoT, aimed at improving their efficiency in water purification and agriculture sectors.

This chapter discusses current practices and new developments in the preparation of activated carbons for the adsorption of pollutants. There is widespread pollution such as pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in global surface water that needs to be mitigated and carbon sorbents made for it can be part of the solution. Preparing carbons for such challenge requires tailoring carbon's structure and surface chemistry to maximise interaction with low concentrations (part per billion level) of a variety of pollutants. The preparation of effective carbon sorbents constitutes a technical challenge. This chapter explores treatments and analytical approaches for the preparation and development of modified carbons to remove water pollutants. Effective carbons will help to control global contamination problems but should not be the source of more pollution: carbon dioxide emissions during the production and maintenance of carbon sorbents are a concern. © 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.

What does effective research and development look like in the creative industries and how might it lead to successful innovation? This book is an answer to that question. Building upon place-based creative industry research, the book focuses on evidence from the media sector, while encompassing a range of creative practices, from digital tourism to dance. Leveraging unique empirical data from the Welsh creative industries, the authors map a series of pathways for creative businesses. In so doing, the book offers new frameworks for assessing innovative practice and highlights options for tailored institutional funding. Channelling research insights, this shortform book helps researchers, policy-makers and reflective practitioners to understand how to deliver effective strategies for the creative sector. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. © 2025 Ruxandra Lupu, Marlen Komorowski, Justin Lewis and Máté Miklos Fodor.

The storage of sewage sludge in landfills is still the primary method of their disposal in many countries. Therefore, finding sustainable solutions for the reuse of this waste is an important issue to be addressed. This paper presents the results of research on processing sewage sludge generated at the wastewater treatment plants of Almaty, Kazakhstan, for use in the manufacturing of ceramic bricks. The chemical composition of the sewage sludge was determined, showing the presence of 35.7% silicon dioxide, 7.3% aluminum oxide, 11.2% iron oxide, and 10.6% calcium oxide. Experimental studies established that adding sewage sludge to clay reduces the compressive strength of ceramic bricks while increasing their flexural strength. Furthermore, as the proportion of sewage sludge in the clay mixture increases, the average density of the ceramic bricks decreases, while water absorption increases. It was also found that ceramic bricks made from a mixture of 90% clay and 10% sewage sludge demonstrated the best physico-mechanical properties. This composition showed increased flexural strength and a simultaneous reduction in the average density by 15.4%, indicating the improved structural quality of the manufactured bricks. © 2025 by the authors.

This paper presents an improved Almaty Ankle Exoskeleton V.2 (AlmAnkleExo V.2) by integrating three electric actuators to enhance structural efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The work applies conceptual design, CAD modeling, and motion simulation to evaluate kinematic performance and biomechanical compatibility. Simulation results indicate that the new design effectively supports movement, improves energy efficiency, and performs suitable structural dynamics. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

As part of this study, an ankle rehabilitation device was developed for patients suffering from motor disorders caused by incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI), stroke, or cerebral palsy. First, the research models and dynamic equations of the device were considered. Secondly, the prototype ankle rehabilitation device is made of PLA plastic and uses linear actuators to simulate outward and inward flexion exercises (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) for the patient. The advantages of the device are its simple design, low cost, and the possibility of installation on recovery equipment. The device can work quickly in experiments, in addition, the rehabilitation robot can work stably and is convenient to use for patients. © 2024 Nursultan Zhetenbayev, et al.

Cyanide-containing effluents from hydrometallurgical gold extraction pose significant environmental risks due to their high toxicity. This study investigates the detoxification of cyanide-laden tailings from the Altyntau Kokshetau gold extraction facility (Kazakhstan) using sodium percarbonate in alkaline conditions. Employing response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD), we optimized key parameters—pH (10–12), sodium percarbonate dosage (1.5–4.0 g), reaction time (10–40 min) and temperature (20–25 °C)—achieving 83.33% detoxification efficiency within 40 min and 99.99% after 8 h, reducing cyanide from 443.2 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L. The process follows biphasic pseudo-first-order kinetics ((k1 = 0.0517) min–1 initially, (k2 = 0.01665) min–1 subsequently), driven by HO• radical-mediated oxidation of (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.), as described by (Formula presented.)). pH emerged as the dominant factor, optimizing radical stability and (Formula presented.) protonation (pKa ≈ 9.21) at pH 10. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of cyanide complexes ((Formula presented.), (Formula presented.)) in tailings, underscoring the need for effective treatment. The method ensures compliance with stringent environmental standards (e.g., ICMI limit of 0.2 mg/L), offering a scalable, eco-efficient solution for mitigating the environmental footprint of gold mining operations. © 2025 by the authors.