Kazakhstan possesses a large scale of cereal crops, bulrush, seeded fruits, grasslands and forests which are significant renewable resources for carbon materials. The agricultural sector, upon processing seeded fruits (e.g. apricots), rice, and others, produces large amounts of high carbon content wastes. It is known that obtaining carbon from these biomasses (wastes) is a cheap way of their utilization/disposal. There are existing technologies to produce so-called activated (porous) carbons mainly using thermolysis. Biomass waste could be considered as a potential material source for the preparation of porous carbons, which may have enhanced electrochemical capacitive performance in capacitors and cycling efficiency in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Biomass derived activated carbon (AC) is a promising solid carrier due to its high adsorption capacity specific surface area, hierarchical porous structure, and can exhibit excellent electrical conductivity. The main aim of this study was to research the influence of the properties of different vegetable raw materials, such as apricot stone (AS), rice husk (RH), walnut shell (WSh) on their electrochemical properties. The results of the electrochemical investigations showed good cyclic reversibility and stability. The battery with carbon electrode from walnut shells performed the highest capacity of 1000 mAhg-1 over 150 cycles. Copyright © 2022, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

Introduction: The safety of drinking water is a crucial issue for human health. Pathogenic bacteria and viruses in poor-quality water contribute to the spread of dangerous diseases such as dysentery, typhoid fever, and poliomyelitis. Ozone technology is increasingly recognized as an eco-friendly and effective method for disinfecting water from pathogens. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficiency of disinfecting pathogenic bacteria and viruses in drinking water using ozone technology and to determine the inactivation of pathogens depending on ozone concentration and exposure duration. Materials and Methods: The study used 11 strains of typhoid bacteria and 36 strains of dysentery bacteria. To disinfect with ozone, 14 mg/L of ozone was added to the water for 5 minutes, and the inactivation levels of the pathogens were studied. The sensitivity of poliomyelitis and Coxsackie viruses to ozone was also evaluated. Scientific Results of the Study: The results of the study showed that ozone inactivated typhoid bacteria by up to 99.95% and dysentery bacteria by up to 99.99%. The poliomyelitis virus was eliminated by 99.99% within 6 minutes, and the Coxsackie virus was inactivated by 99.7% to 99.9% within 15 minutes. The disinfection efficiency was high when the residual ozone concentration was approximately 0.15-0.2 mg/L. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that ozone technology is an eco-friendly and effective method for disinfecting pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. The research also showed that higher ozone concentrations and longer exposure times significantly improve pathogen elimination efficiency. © 2025, Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.

Beryllium intermetallic compounds, such as titanium beryllide (Be12Ti), chromium beryllide (Be12Cr), and zirconium beryllide (Be2Zr), exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties, making them promising materials for diverse scientific and energy applications. Among them, Be12Ti is the leading candidate for neutron multiplier use in future European projects employing the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) concept and solid blanket systems of ITER and DEMO-type reactors, due to its high melting point, radiation-induced swelling, low activation, and excellent corrosion resistance. To broaden the scope of material selection, exploring alternative compounds has gained importance. Having properties similar to Be12Ti, chromium beryllide Be12Cr demonstrates potential as a possible option, including high thermal and radiation resistance, although its corrosion resistance in vapor-gas medium requires further research. Beyond fusion applications, beryllides have potential in other domains. For example, Be2Zr exhibits remarkable properties for hydrogen energy, such as forming stable hydride phases, making it an excellent candidate for hydrogen storage systems. These investigations are especially relevant for advancing hydrogen and fusion energy technologies in Kazakhstan. Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC, a leader in beryllium material production, synthesizes not only Be12Ti, Be12Cr and Be2Zr, but also less studied beryllides. This study performs a comparative analysis of high-temperature corrosion in beryllides with varying compositions. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the corrosion mechanisms under vapor-gas mediums with different isotopic compositions using non-isothermal heating across a wide temperature range. Key features of beryllide corrosion were revealed, including time-dependent changes in sample mass and gas-phase composition during linear heating. Corrosion behaviors of different beryllide compositions were established, and temperature-dependent reaction rates determined. These findings enhance understanding of beryllide corrosion properties, providing a scientific basis for their potential in fusion and hydrogen technologies.

One of the global problems of our time is climate change. This problem is relevant not only at the level of individual states, but also on a global scale, having a significant impact on both natural ecosystems and socio-economic development of mankind. In the presented article, a comprehensive study of the impact of global warming on the climate of Almaty region, located in the south-east of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has been conducted. To analyze trends, the non-parametric MannKendall test in the R Studio software environment was used, which allowed us to assess the statistical significance of changes. Additionally, using Climpact software, climatic indices were calculated from daily meteorological data reflecting extreme climatic events. Based on climate scenarios presented in the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), modeling of possible multi-year changes in air temperature and precipitation in the region was performed using the QGIS geoinformation system. The obtained results indicate the presence of stable trends of climate change in Almaty region and emphasize the need to take into account regional climatic changes. Projections based on various socio-economic scenarios show a possible increase in air temperature by the end of the 21st century, which emphasizes the relevance of integrating climate risks into the processes of strategic planning and natural resource management. The results of the study can be used for adaptation measures and decision-making in the fields of sustainable development, agriculture, water resources and environmental protection. , 2025.

Information on vitamin C—ascorbic acid (AA)—content is important as it facilitates the provision of dietary advice and strategies for the prevention and treatment of conditions associated with AA deficiency or excess. The methods of determining AA content include chromatographic techniques, spectrophotometry, and electrochemical methods of analysis. In the present work, an electrochemical enzyme-free ascorbic acid sensor for a neutral medium has been developed. The sensor is based on zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) arrays synthesized via low-temperature chemical deposition (Chemical Bath Deposition) on the surface of an ITO substrate. The sensitivity of the electrochemical enzyme-free sensor was found to be dependent on the process treatments. The AA sensitivity values measured in a neutral PBS electrolyte were found to be 73, 44, and 92 µA mM−1 cm−2 for the ZnO NW-based sensors of the pristine, air-annealed (AT), and air-annealed followed by hydrogen plasma treatment (AT+PT), respectively. The simple H-plasma treatment of ZnO nanowire arrays synthesized via low-temperature chemical deposition has been shown to be an effective process step to produce an enzyme-free sensor for biological molecules in a neutral electrolyte for applications in health care and biomedical safety. © 2023 by the authors.

The intake of natural water or waste water from a depth exceeding the suction height of centrifugal pumps is mainly carried out due to additional water supply at the suction of the pump. However, this process becomes more complicated if it is necessary to purify water from mechanical impurities. The purpose of the presented work is to consider this issue based on the development and study of the parameters of an ejector water intake treatment plant equipped with a pressure-vacuum hydrocyclone. The main contribution of the ongoing research is the establishment of the technological parameters of the installation, and their features in the pressure-vacuum mode of operation, in contrast to the known pressure and vacuum hydrocyclones separately. In terms of methodology, the main parameters of the developed installation were established during the testing of its prototype on a specially built stand using well-known regulatory guidelines in the hydraulic research system. As a result of the study, the nature of the change in pressure inside a cylindrical–conical hydrocyclone, with established design dimensions and the patterns of formation of vacuum and pressure-vacuum modes depending on the initial parameters, was revealed. The data obtained to determine the effect of technological parameters of ejection and the characteristics of the supplied water with impurities on the operating mode of the hydrocyclone confirm the efficiency of water intake and purification. A rational mode of joint operation of the elements of a closed system is achieved at the maximum value of the installation efficiency and ensuring low specific energy consumption per 1 m3 of treated water.

In this paper considered the engineering analysis of a diffuser with a closed-type wind power plant by converting the kinetic energy of the oncoming wind into electrical energy. The study of the wind turbine diffuser was carried out in order to increase the energy efficiency of converting wind energy into electrical energy. The closed-type wind turbine design is converted into a finite element model for aerodynamic calculations. The model of a closed-type wind turbine is investigated by changing the angle of attack of the diffuser, with various options for its parameters in order to find the most optimal conditions for increasing the energy efficiency factor of the energy carrier, which will ensure high energy efficiency of converting wind energy into electrical energy. Based on the study results was recommended the diffuser with the optimal angle of attack by constructing a closed-type wind turbine. © 2023 K.B. Shakenov et al

This review explores the potential of MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, in advancing energy storage and conservation technologies. MXenes exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties, including a high specific surface area (∼390 m² g⁻¹ for MXene@PPy-800), outstanding electrical conductivity, and robust chemical stability, making them ideal for energy-related applications. In supercapacitors, MXene-based electrodes have demonstrated capacitances exceeding 700 F g⁻¹ at 1 mV s⁻¹, with retention of over 90 % of their initial performance after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. For lithium-ion batteries, MXenes achieve theoretical capacities ranging from 390 to 600 mAh g⁻¹, depending on the type of MXene material, with experimental reversible capacities often exceeding 400 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C rates and high cycling stability. This review synthesizes recent research efforts on the synthesis, structural characterization, and integration of MXenes into energy storage systems. Findings highlight their versatility as electrode materials for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells, as well as their catalytic potential in solar energy conversion. Despite these advancements, challenges remain unresolved. Scalability of MXene synthesis through selective etching methods continues to be a significant technical and economic barrier. Moreover, while MXene-based devices show high initial performance, further work is needed to improve long-term stability in operational and harsh chemical environments. By providing a comprehensive overview of MXene-based energy systems, this review identifies critical gaps in understanding their electrochemical mechanisms, particularly ion transport and surface interaction dynamics. Addressing these challenges will be key to optimizing MXene properties and enabling their widespread application in efficient and sustainable energy technologies.

The roadmap for the development of the seismological industry foresees a significant expansion of the network of strong motions in the coming years. The Data Bank of engineering and seismological parameters summarizes the experimental data obtained because of processing and parameterization of the available records of seismological networks in seismic regions of the Southeastern Kazakhstan. The purpose of this article is to present and explain the developed bank of Ground Motion Parameters for the Territory of Kazakhstan. It consists of three parts—the bank of parameters according to the data of analog local and regional strong motion networks, a local digital strong motion network in the territory of Almaty and its environs, and the bank of parameters according to the data of the regional high sensitivity network of continuous registration. Each of the parts contains its own catalog of earthquakes and parameters of ground motions and the corresponding banks of station parameters, including a table of station parameters and station passport cards. For recordings of strong motions of engineering interest, an additional graphic application was compiled – it is the Seismological bulletin. The processing is carried out using T. Kashima’s ViewWave software and Strong Motion Analyst of Kinemetric company. Experimental data that were collected and generalized are necessary for solving problems of assessing seismic effects.

This study investigates the impact of nickel doping on the thermal and combustion properties of ammonium perchlorate/carboxymethyl cellulose (AP/CMC) composites. Through comprehensive SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, and burning rate analyses, significant improvements in the structural and functional characteristics of the AP/CMC-Ni composite were observed compared to those of pure AP and AP/CMC composites. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed that nickel incorporation resulted in thicker and more irregular CMC fibers, indicating substantial morphological changes. The FTIR spectroscopy showed shifts in the O-H and C=O stretching bands, pointing to interactions between nickel ions and CMC functional groups. The XRD patterns highlighted a decrease in crystallinity and the presence of NiO phases, confirming the successful integration of nickel into the CMC matrix. The thermal analysis demonstrated that nickel doping significantly lowered the decomposition temperature of the AP/CMC composite, as evidenced by DSC, and enhances the thermal degradation process, as shown by TGA. The AP/CMC-Ni composite exhibited a higher burning rate across all of the tested pressures, highlighting the catalytic effect of nickel in improving the combustion efficiency. The burning rate for AP/CMC follows the power-law expression with constants a = 2.34 and n = 0.499, while for AP/CMC-Ni, the constants are a = 3.35 and n = 0.475. This study highlights the essential role of nickel doping in facilitating the decomposition of AP within the AP/CMC composite. By lowering the decomposition temperature, nickel enhances the overall combustion process, making the AP/CMC-Ni composite more efficient for applications requiring controlled thermal decomposition. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and development of high-performance composite materials in advanced industrial applications.