Sustainability insights into photocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 conversion utilizing g-C3N4-based photocatalysts: Flaws, progress, and prospectives

Авторы:

Hosseini-Bandegharaei, A. (Соавтор)

Silerio-Vázquez, F.D.J. (Соавтор)

Kakavandi, B. (Соавтор)

Tayyab, M. (Соавтор)

Proal-Nájera, J.B. (Соавтор)

Байгенженов Омирсерик Сабыржанович (Соавтор)

Издательство:

Elsevier B.V.

Дата издания

20.06.2025

Область исследования

Инжиниринг и технологии

Тип исследования

Фундаментальное

Аннотация (краткое описание)

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increased from 419.3 ppm (ppm) in 2023 to 425.4 ppm in 2024, 51 % above preindustrial levels, with emissions rising from 37.01 to 37.41 billion metric tons. This surge has driven record global temperatures, with annual mean surface temperatures reaching 1.45 °C and 1.55 °C above preindustrial averages in 2023 and 2024, intensifying glacial melt, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane (CH4) has emerged as a promising pathway to mitigate CO2 emissions while producing an energy carrier compatible with existing infrastructure. This review focuses on advancements in photocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for photocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 conversion, offering a sustainability-centered perspective often overlooked in previous reviews. In addition to summarizing progress in dopant integration, heterojunction formation, and charge separation strategies, this work critically examines the environmental footprint of precursor materials and the energy consumption of thermal, microwave, and plasma-assisted synthesis methods. It highlights the potential of solar and LED light sources as scalable, energy-efficient alternatives to conventional lamps. The review also addresses practical challenges such as CO2 purification, impurity tolerance in exhaust-fed systems, and the feasibility of CH4 recovery and separation. Furthermore, it explores the integration of photocatalytic CO2 reduction with emerging approaches like direct air capture, electrocatalysis, biophotocatalysis, and computational tools including machine learning and multiphysics modeling. By aligning CH4 production performance with system-level sustainability criteria, this review establishes a framework to guide future developments toward environmentally viable photocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 technologies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

Соответствие целям устойчивого развития (ЦУР)

7. 

Недорогая и чистая энергия

13. 

Борьба с изменением климата

URI

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-105008522984&origin=resultslist

DOI

10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216901

Тип публикаций

Статья

Сведения о финансировании

This research was internally funded by Instituto Polit\u00E9cnico Nacional \u2013 projects SIP20240859 and SIP20250745. The funding source had no involvement in the study design; in the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication.

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Международные публикации ученых SU

Scopus

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