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Дата издания
18.12.2024Область исследования
Тип исследования
Аннотация (краткое описание)
Heavy metals (HMs) are an environmental problem that pollutes water, air, soil, etc. HMs and metalloids are environmental pollutants, particularly cadmium, lead, and arsenic. It is liberated from both the natural and anthropogenic processes. HM group accumulates in the ecosystem through anthropogenic activities, mostly by agriculture and industry processes. When they accumulate to toxic levels in soil, it adversely affects plant and crop productivity. Different plant species were assessed to remediate the soil from HMs. According to the review, the highest bioaccumulation concentration factor (BCF) for Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. species was 51.52 for Lead (Pb), and the translocation factor (TF) was 17.18 for the Catharanthus roses (L.) G. Don species for chromium and bioaccumulation concentration (BAC) was Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don species was recorded at 83.66 for chromium. The highest levels of BCF and TF for Polygonum labrum species were 1.090 and 1.78 for arsenic. Arsenic is the most poisonous element generated by agrochemicals, burning fossil fuels, smelting metals, and pharmaceutical industries. The common effects of arsenic on plants are oxidative stress, decreasing the bioavailability of the essential elements, and morphological change. Cadmium is toxic because it can cause various diseases in plants, like chlorosis, necrosis, and shunted growth. Moreover, it affects the physiological process, reduces carbon fixation, osmotic pressure, and transpiration, and decreases chlorophyll. Pb is one of the critical HMs extensively found in nature in solid waste deposition, slag from mining, firing in shooting ranges, smelting, and automobiles. It is naturally produced from weathering, erosion of rock layers, and ore deposit phenomenon. It reduces the conduction power of the plant stomata, which ultimately affects the transpiration process and reduces the crop yield. Further studies should focus on cost-effective strategies to enhance the phytoremediation of contaminants and the unknown effects of HMs on plants. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2024.DOI
10.30919/esmm1298Тип публикаций
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