Forest fires greatly affect forest ecosystems, causing the loss of their biodiversity and their resilience. In addi-tion, they have a strong impact on the global carbon balance and, ultimately, climate change. This article analyzes studies ofremote sensing techniques and data used to estimate the area of forest burnt, fire severity, fire impacts, and patterns of refor-estation at the global level. The study discusses the results of an analysis based on 329 selected articles on major aspects ofthe field of study published in 48 journals over the past two decades (2000-2020). Article characteristics were analyzed, including journals, spatial extent, geographic distribution, types of remote sensing sensors, ecological zoning, tree species, spectralindi-ces, and accuracy measures used in the studies. The paper also discusses the main trends, problems and the increasing value of various remote sensing methods in assessing the area of forest fires, the severity of fires and post-fire recovery. Finally, it iden-tifies potential opportunities for future research using next-generation remote sensing systems, classification methods and cloud computing, as well as new process platforms for regional and large-scale research applications.

This article analyzes the change in the flow of the rivers of the Shu-Talas water management basin, consideringclimate change. During the study, linear trends in river flow were compiled, as well as meteorological parameters such as annual precipitation and average temperature in the basin region. The data were obtained from the annual collections of RSE «Kazhydromet»with further statistical processing. Data from 9 gauging stations of the considered basin and 9 meteorological stations closest to the basin were subjected to analysis. The materials obtained can be practically significant for long-term planning and development of large-scale measures for the integrated use, protection of water resources and solving complex problems of water supply inthe Republic of Kazakhstan.

In the article, the continuous growth in the development of the gold mining industry in our country, the growth in the consumption of metals and other minerals justify the search for and development of new minerals, the development of new efficient technological schemes for mining. processing of minerals, development of new types of raw materials from difficult-to-enrich ores. Research is aimed not only at the preparation and development of new deposits, the determination of the en-richment of gold-bearing ores, but also at the theoretical development of methods for separating the components of mineral raw materials.There are more than 2.000 gold deposits inthe Republic of Kazakhstan. Over the past two decades, studies of the structure of gold-bearing raw materials show an increasing trend in the extraction of ores.The continuous growth in the rate of development of the gold mining industry, the increase inthe consumption of metals and other minerals justify the search for and development of new minerals, the development of new efficient technological schemes for the processing of minerals, the development of new types of raw materials from hard-to-enrich ores. Research is aimed not only at the preparation and development of new deposits, the determination of the enrichment of gold-bearing ores, but also at the theoretical development of methods for separating the components of mineral raw materials. In the last two or three decades, the proportion of gold obtained from technologically simple gold ores has been steadily declining. In nature, gold occurs mainly in the form of a native metal, intermetallic compounds and minerals containing gold, silver, copper,iron, mercury, bismuth, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium and gold gelluride minerals. In addition, gold occurs in the form of compounds with organic acids.

The actual task of this work is to obtain homogeneous hard alloys with fine carbide grains, combining high hard-ness and strength. Studies were carried out to establish the most favorable phase compositions of hard alloys and the most rationaltechnical methodology for their production.In this research work, a nanostructured WC-TiC-Co powder charge was obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. Na-nosized WC powder and nanopowder with precipitated Co were added to the hard alloy charge by mixing ina ball planetary mill. The process of pressing the powder charge at a pressure of 100-1000MPa, as well as the sintering process at a tempera-ture within the range of 1450-1600°C was applied. The chemical-metallurgical method of deposition of metal layers from salt solutions was applied to obtain the WC-Co hard alloy. X-ray structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy were ap-plied. The effect of the preparation method on the phase composition of WC-TiC-Co consolidated samples was studied. In the microstructure of these hard alloys, intercrystalline particles of (Ti,W)C are observed, and the presence of the liquid phase canlead to a rounded shape. It was found that the addition of nano-sized WC powder leads to an increase in pressed density. It was revealed that the addition of WC nanosize additives or WC nanopowder with deposited cobalt makes it possible to obtain a fine-grained structure with a grain size of not more than 4-6 microns. It was found that the addition of WC nanopowder with precipitated cobalt to the alloy has the highest Brinell hardness values; in addition, it leads to an increase in the bending strength.

To develop a comprehensive technology for processing technogenic gold-containing waste, a representative sample of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposits was selected.The average representative sample was studied using chemical, X-ray phase, mineralogical, X-ray spectral and electron microscopic analysismethods. The article presents physico-chemical studies of gold-bearing technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the main phase components are the following minerals: α-quartz -63.2%, barite -26.8%, muscovite -6.3% and gypsum-3.8%. Electron probe scanning revealed the presence of gold in the form of thin inclusions in rock-forming minerals. With the help of rational analysis, it was found that the proportion of free gold in the form of accretionswith ore components in them is 7.18%. It was found that the main part of gold -64.7% -is in the sulfide sample in the form of films coated with quartz, iron hydroxides, carbonates, chlorites and other minerals.According to the results of assay and atom-ic adsorption, gold in technogenic mineral formations varies from 1.11 to 1.28g/t. The sieve analysis of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit showed that the initial sample is mainly represented by a class of -0.25+0.074mm.Based on the data of analytical studies, it can be seen that the studied samples of stale tails of TMOS are a rather complex object for extracting gold, which is associated with the above-described features of the material composition. As well as the thin inclusiveness of gold in sulfides determine the persistent nature of the raw material under study.The results obtained in the physico-chemical study of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit will become the basis for choosing the technology for processing this raw material.

At present, the problem of excessive CO2emissions in Kazakhstan is more acute than ever. Almost all major industrial cities, in one way or another, suffer from multiple excesses of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Under the Paris Agreement, Kazakhstan, along with other signatory countries, has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. However, to date, no positive trend has been observed. In this regard, the technolo-gy of carbon dioxide capturesfrom industrial facilities and injecting it into depleted oil or gas fields could be a good inno-vation and set a good trend in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we reviewed the studies thatevaluated the geology of the known sedimentary basins in the country and compared the results to the existing criteria for assessing the CO2storage potential. The results of the studies were summarized and a technical review was presented, which suggeststhe suitability of Kazakhstan to implement CCS in the basins of the Caspian region, Ustyurt basin, Mangyshlak, Chu-Sarysu, South Turgai, Zaisan basin.

Estimated 45% of all mining equipment worldwide is mining haul trucks. More than 44 thousand mining haul trucks are in operation worldwide as per 2017 Mine Safety and Health Administration of USA reports and over 20% of acci-dents with fatalities on mining equipment happens with participation of mining haul trucks. Mining haul trucks are critical equipment for mining industry of Kazakhstan where 80% of mines are operated by open cast mining. To better understand haul trucks operation failures statistical method was used during this study. 8 training instructors were interviews who trained 1048 truck operators over 3 years at 5 mine sites. The analyses explore the context of the accidents with focus on initiating reasons, outcomes of accidents and possible preventive and mitigative controls. Overall, most accidents take place due to haul road condition, read design and operation decision making. Bow-tie diagram as a constructive risk management tool used in this study for visual presentation of links between hazards, initiating controls, preventive and mitigative controls, and outcomes. The results of the study suggest improving organizational control over operator trainings and mine haul road design and maintenance.

The inhibitory properties of various phosphate inhibitors were studied on low-carbon steel (St3) in 3% sodium chloride solution. Standard gravimetric method and electrochemical measurements were used. It has been shown that adding calcium manganese phosphate to a 3% NaCl solution in concentrations of 5-100 mgP2O5/l reduces the corrosion rate of St3. The inhibitor efficiency at 100 mgP2O5/l is 91.8%. Adding sodium polyphosphate at concentrations of 1-20 mgP2O5/L to the chloride solution increases the corrosion rate of St3. The inhibitor efficiency of NaPO3at 100 mgP2O5/l is 24.4%. The results of electrochemical tests obtained by taking and calculating polarization curves confirm the data of gravimetric measurements. Using electron microscopy, it has been shown that uneven loose deposits with low protective properties are formed on the steel surface in a 3% sodium chloride solution both without additives and with sodium polyphosphate additives. When sodium chlo-ride (Ca, Mn)(PO3)2is added to the solution, ordered fine-grained deposits with high protective properties are formed on the steel. IR spectroscopic analysis of deposits formed on the surface of St3 in 3% NaCl solution with addition of various phos-phates was performed. It has been found that uniform coatings containing insoluble calcium hydrophosphates are formed in the presence of (Ca, Mn)(PO3)2.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to research in the field of increasing resistance to external influ-ences, including the corrosion resistance of steels and alloys exposed to aggressive environments or high temperatures. Interest in this area is due to the need to increase the service life of steel products, which will reduce the cost of most technological processes. The most promising methods for improving the strength characteristics, as well as resistance to corrosion degrada-tion, are the application of various protective coatings to steel, among the variety of which one can single out nitride coatings that are highly resistant to corrosion and degradation caused by exposure to aggressive media. Also, one of the ways to in-crease resistance to external influences is the methods of changing the dislocation density in the near-surface layer, which make it possible to create a barrier layerfor the penetration of oxygen and moisture through the protective coating. Based on the proposed corrosion protection methods, this paper considers the possibilities of combining the methods of applying nitride coatings and subsequent ionic modification in order to create a barrier protective layer against corrosion of 316L stainless steel. During the studies conducted, it was found that the magnetron deposition of a nitride coating (TiN) on the surface of stainless-steelleads to a hardness growth by 10-13 %, and the subsequent ion modification, performed by the action of low-energy N2+ions on the nitride coating with different irradiation fluence, leads to an increase in strength by 50-70 % compared to the initial value. As a result of corrosion tests tomaintain the stability of strength properties, it was found that the most effective influ-ence of ion irradiation is a fluence of 5×1013-1014ion/cm2, leading not only to maximum hardening, but also to an increase in the corrosion potential, the alterationof which indicates a decrease in the degradation rate.

Substandard ores and technogenic wastes can be considered asan additional source of raw materials due to the limited resources of mineral raw materials with a high content of manganese. The article presents an overview of studies in-tended to process low-quality manganese-containing raw materials by beneficiation of them with the production of manganese concentrates, agglomeration of manganese fines with the formation of pellets, and smelting of agglomerates into ferromanga-nese alloys. The main raw material sources of manganese are characterized. Manganese ores are divided into three main types -oxide, siliceous and carbonate ones. The method to beneficiate the raw material is chosen depending on the raw material type.The application areas of manganese alloys are described -they are used in the form of ferromanganese and ferrosilicomanga-nese to produce steel and cast iron in ferrous metallurgy; as an alloying metal in bronze, brass, most aluminum and magnesiumalloys in non-ferrous metallurgy. The beneficiation processes for low-quality manganese-containing raw materials -sub-standard ores and technogenic wastes are considered. A promising direction in the beneficiation of ferromanganese ores is magnetic separation. The extraction of manganese from technogenic sources -ore fines, sludge tailings of processing plants is of great ecological and practical importance. Methods for agglomeration of manganese fines withthe production of pellets, briquettes, the influence of the content of acidic and basic oxides, the composition of binder materials on the properties of pellets are described. Data on the influence of various factors on the manganese ferroalloy smelting process, the reduction ofmanganese ore pellets, and the phase transformations occurring during the process are specified.