Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), prepared by using solution-processed printing techniques, gained much attention over the past few years and a considerable progress has been achieved in improving the power conversion efficiencies of these devices. Nevertheless, there are still some advancements that can be implemented, especially in terms of passivation of surface defects in the perovskite photoactive layer. Passivation can afford considerable reduction in surface recombination of charge carriers in the photoactive layer and help to obtain devices with better performance. In this work, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)-based inks with small amount of pyridine as an additive are used to deposit the hole transport layer and simultaneously passivate the surface defects of the perovskite layer in flexible and printed PSCs. The devices are fabricated on flexible conductive plastic substrates using a slot-die coating method. It is found that 2.5 wt.% pyridine-containing inks for preparing hole transport layer have a positive effect on the performance of resulting PSCs. On average, around 13% improvement in the power conversion efficiency is observed for the devices with passivation as opposed to the reference devices without passivation. The effect of pyridine passivation on the structural and electronic properties of the perovskite layer on a flexible substrate is studied using experimental and analytical techniques, whereas the computer simulation methods are employed to rule out the possible mechanisms for the performance improvements in the devices with passivation. The approach presented here can be useful for developing simplified protocols for printing of flexible PSCs with the passivated perovskite layer and improved device efficiency.

Currently, the «Sponge» scheme is the most successful and promising way to build modern cryptographic hash functions. The purpose of this article is to build an example of a cryptographic hash function based on this scheme. The main and important component of the scheme is the internal function, which is a fixed-length transformation or permutation that operates with a fixed number of bits that make up the internal state of the function. The classic «Sponge» scheme and most of its modifications assume only one internal function. In this paper, we consider a modification of this scheme, which involves the use of a set of internal functions. Three new variants of the internal function are considered. First, we consider a variant of the internal function based on the use of word ring feedback with carry shift registers. Second, we consider a new version of the internal function based on the Keccak permutation. Third, we consider an internal function constructed using the generalized AES design methodology. Then, based on the modified scheme and using these three internal functions, a hash algorithm is constructed. The selection of one of these three internal functions as part of the entire scheme is determined using message dependent selection bits generated in a pseudo-random manner.

This article discusses methods for converting power and thermal parameters for combined pressure and temperature sensors. The paper shows the dependence of the velocity on the pressure change, i.e. the nature of the p(t) dependence. it is Proposed to show a variety of pressure measurement problems that are reduced to three options: measurement of static and slow-changing pressures, measurement of fast-changing pressures, and measurement of pulse pressures. The most stringent metrological requirements for sensors and systems that measure static and slow-changing processes are shown. The technical task is to improve the measuring device. The technical result is an increase in the accuracy of the pressure measurement, taking into account the additional temperature error. This includes well-known devices such as light separators, microlenses, a micropositioner, a collimating lens, a single-mode working fiber with an aluminum coating for temperature measurement, a hinge for collecting lenses, a photodetector, a signal amplifier, a processing unit, and a thermal compensation circuit.

The results of a study of the effect of modifying additives from production waste of microsilica and corundum (Al2O3) powders on the structure and phase composition of the AD31 aluminum alloy are presented. In the conditions of the Karaganda Industrial University, melting of the AD31 aluminum alloy was carried out with the addition of 1% of waste powder of silicon production «Silicium Kazakhstan» (now «Tau-Ken Temir») (microsilica grade MK-85) and corundum powder (abrasive waste from cutting discs) as modifiers. The positive effect of modifying additives from industrial waste on the structure and properties of the alloy is revealed - the grain is refined, the phase composition changes, and the properties of modified aluminum alloys improve. To study the samples of the obtained modified alloys, the authors used the method of electron microscopy, as the simplest and fastest way to transfer information about the microstructure, elemental composition and distribution of elements in the sample volume. The conducted studies are relevant from the point of view of recycling waste from metallurgical industries, expanding the raw material base, as well as obtaining new materials with the required complex of functional properties

The article presents the material and methods for studying space images based on the analysis of the spectral luminance coefficient (SLC). Based on the data obtained during experiments to obtain numerical values of the SLC, which are published in the open press, patterns of behavior of soil and vegetation reflection processes are revealed, and clustering of multispectral wave distribution ranges is proposed, which can uniquely identify the type of objects under consideration. Since the distribution of plant SLC varies by vegetation period, the above-mentioned clustering of SLC ranges is also proposed for them. It should be noted that the distribution of luminance spectra depends on the climatic and geographical conditions of plant species and is unique for each region. This study is related to the Akmola region, which itself is divided into four zones. The cluster based SLC data reflect the normal development of plant species. If there are deviations, i.e., the SLC does not belong to the cluster, then there is an algorithm that identifies the reason for the deviation and suggests an action plan to eliminate the defect.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the application of pneumatic artificial muscles. High strength and light weight, while there is a relative scientific literature about different types of pneumatic artificial muscles with different technical characteristics. This article will summarize the key applications of pneumatic artificial muscles that focus on the following areas: biorobots, medical, industrial, aerospace purposes.

The concept of trans-regional monostilism is considered in the work of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, which is considered on the example of 22 works. One of the oldest companies in the modern architectural market – «Skidmore, Owings & Merrill» – has consistently interpreted the concept of "International style" for more than eighty years, focusing on the work of L.Mies van der Rohe. The visual lightness of glass and metal surfaces formed by standard, unified elements, the relative simplicity of the shape geometry, and the accentuated utilitarianism have become recognizable features of the company's corporate identity. Additional aspects for shaping are provided by the interpretation of techniques for improving the energy efficiency of buildings.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to people with disabilities around the world. Creating a barrier-free environment and the necessary conditions for their training and communication is one of the important tasks of any modern state. Since everyone should have equal opportunities to communicate with the outside world. In our country, it is also important and necessary to create a system of automatic sign language translation from Kazakh to sign language for people with hearing disabilities. This article reveals the prospects of using an animated character (avatar) to demonstrate gestures, the features of creating an animated character and applying sign language notation to control it. The avatar is aimed at showing the results of translating the Kazakh text into sign language based on the previously created dictionary of notation of gestures of the Kazakh sign language (KSL). When developing an automatic sign language translation system, the meaning of the translated text is revealed, it is translated into the grammar of the KSL. The compiled dictionary is then used to search for words in the dictionary, present them as notation, and display them using an avatar. To create an avatar model, software tools such as MakeHuman, Photoshop, and Blender are used in stages. Gesture animations are set up in the modern cross-platform graphics package Unity3D using libraries of "clips" created based on the dictionary of notations of gestures of the KSL.

The main advantages of the (30-512 MHz) bands are the long communication range, especially used outside the city. Radio stations of such bands work perfectly both in low-terrain areas and in multi-storey buildings. In radio stations, broadband matching devices (Broadband control systems) are used to ensure the transmission of the maximum signal power from the source to the load. They are usually optimal for complex loads with fixed parameter values. It should be noted that the load impedance, to varying degrees, varies over time. For this reason, the BCS is usually not strictly optimal. The parameters of the matched radio engineering system (Radio engineering communications) with the BCS differ slightly from the optimal values. This suggests that the BCS used are quasi-optimal. The article proposes a method for the synthesis of broadband matching devices that adapt radio engineering systems to the changing load impedance.

A constructive solution is proposed for the interaction of educational institutions with industrial enterprises based on the combination of scientific, educational and material and technical capabilities into a single center of competence. The creation of a single center of competence will allow integrating the efforts of education, science and industry for research, prompt solution of scientific and technical problems, creation of new solutions in the field of automation, electronic instrumentation, telecommunications and information technologies. The project for the creation and development of a single center of competence will become a multi-level intellectual system for solving urgent production problems, for training highly qualified specialists who meet the modern requirements of the world market, will become a modern research platform for young scientists, specialists in various fields of production in Kazakhstan and the world, graduates of educational institutions, university teachers. The results of the work of the ECC will make it possible to increase the efficiency of production, improve the qualifications of specialists in all fields, develop a scientific and technical base, and also make a huge contribution to the development of Kazakhstan.