The relevance of the examined problem is connected with the necessity to develop measures to combat conductor galloping and the design of power transmission lines (ETL). The purpose of the research – to analyse statistical observation data on conductor galloping and apply a mathematical model to determine the parameters of galloping, to develop effective measures to combat conductor galloping and to improve the design of power lines. A sophisticated mathematical model was developed using Mathcad software to analyze conductor galloping in overhead power lines. This model, based on the equations of motion, predicts various galloping parameters under different conditions such as wind speed, span length, and initial mechanical stress. Time diagrams were constructed to represent linear and torsional motions, revealing correlations between amplitudes and frequencies. A comprehensive statistical analysis was performed on wire characteristics and split phase parameters to evaluate their impact on galloping patterns. Numerical methods, including the Runge-Kutta method, were employed to solve the equations and compute time-dependent behaviors. Results were visualized through graphs and diagrams to facilitate interpretation. The results revealed that conductor galloping occurs at wind speeds between 5 to 18 m/s, with significant occurrences at temperatures from 0°C to-10°C. The study identified that conductor galloping occurs within a wind velocity range of 5 to 13 m/s, predominantly with wind orientations between 30˚ and 90˚. The analysis showed that the frequency of galloping closely matches the natural oscillation frequency at low wind speeds but diverges with increasing wind speed and span length. These findings provide insights into the conditions under which conductor galloping is likely to occur and can inform design and operational strategies for overhead power lines. © 2024, Diponegoro university Indonesia - Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE). All rights reserved.

This study investigates phase transformations in copper-tellurium-containing middlings during vacuum-thermal processing at pressures of 0.066 and 13.3 kPa. It was found that at 0.066 kPa, industrial copper telluride undergoes oxidation through intermediate compounds to Cu3TeO6, which decomposes at 900°C via CuTeO3 into CuO and TeO2. At 13.3 kPa, the formation of CuTeO3 through the Cu3TeO6 was not observed. Technological tests showed the feasibility of tellurium recovery by the vacuum-thermal method in an inert atmosphere without additional reagents. It was found that reduced pressure and elevated temperature positively influenced the degree of tellurium transfer into the condensate. The highest recovery rates were achieved at 1100°C: 98.70% at 0.066 kPa and 96.79% at 0.133 kPa. The residual Te content in residues amounted to 0.72% and 1.62%, respectively. The findings expand scientific understanding of the thermal behavior of industrial copper telluride under vacuum conditions and provide a foundation for developing a new environmentally friendly method of processing tellurium-containing middlings. The creation of new technologies enhances the extraction efficiency of tellurium while reducing ecological risks. © 2025 Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

The research goal of these studies was to monitor ground deformations for Almaty city during 2017–2023 and determine the spatial relationships with faults and tectonic plate boundaries. The small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) was deployed for the interferometric measurements of ground deformations using Sentinel-1 radar satellite images. Distinct deformation patterns were observed from both sides of the tectonic plate boundary, indicating a standard faulting process. Identical deformation trends were observed from south to north, forming three transition zones from subsidence to uplift and subsidence again. The spatial relationship between faults and ground deformations was also observed in the transition zone with a densely built-up area subject to gradual surface declination with potential risks to infrastructure. Five incidents of building and bridge deformations with subsiding cumulative trends were observed in the same location. Most subsiding areas were in Zone 1, with maximum annual subsidence velocity and cumulative displacement of − 57 mm/y and – 399, respectively. In contrast, most uplifting areas were primarily in Zone 2, with maximum yearly uplift velocity and cumulative displacement of 40 mm/y and 254 mm, respectively, and mixed deformation patterns in Zone 3. These vertical movements in Almaty verify active tectonic plate activity that should be integrated into city risk assessment plans. Copyright © 2024 Bayramov, Sydyk, Nurakynov, Yelisseyeva, Neafie and Aliyeva.

Extensive flooding swept across large areas of Central Asia, mainly over Kazakhstan and southwestern Russia, from late March to April 2024. It was reported to be the worst flooding in the area in the past 70 years and caused widespread devastation to society and infrastructure. However, the drivers of this record-breaking flood remain unexplored. Here, we show that the record-breaking floods were contributed by both long-term climate warming and interannual variability, with multiple climatic drivers at play across the synoptic to seasonal timescales. First, the heavy snowmelt in March 2024 was associated with above-normal preceding winter snow accumulation. Second, extreme rainfall was at a record-high during March 2024, in line with its increasing trend under climate warming. Third, the snowmelt and extreme rainfall in March were compounded by record-high soil moisture conditions in the preceding winter, which was a result of interannual variability and related to excessive winter rainfall over Central Asia. As climate warming continues, the interplay between the increasing trend of extreme rainfall, interannual variations in soil moisture pre-conditions, as well as shifting timing and magnitudes of spring snowmelt, will further increase and complicate spring flooding risks. This is a growing and widespread challenge for the mid- to high-latitude regions. © Institute of Atmospheric Physics/Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Science Press 2025.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of different oil fields in Kazakhstan for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) projects using advanced algorithms in Python. Using automated methods, the approach greatly simplifies and accelerates the selection process, allowing efficient analysis of large data sets. Taking into account key geological and operational parameters, with particular emphasis on the importance of the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient, the study presents a comprehensive ranking system for evaluating reservoir suitability. This coefficient is critical to accurately assess the fluid displacement efficiency, which significantly influences the selection of candidates for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). The results show that the inclusion of the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient improves the accuracy of field evaluation by accounting for key reservoir heterogeneity factors along with conventional properties. The comparative analysis shows that this approach provides more reliable field selection compared to the existing methods that do not consider this parameter, thereby improving the efficiency of CO2 storage projects. © by the authors.

Recently, flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) fabricated using solution-processed printing techniques have garnered significant attention. However, challenges remain in achieving cost-effective, scalable manufacturing under ambient conditions and ensuring stable, efficient devices. This study focuses on fabricating printed FPSCs using the slot-die coating technique and examines the impact of SnO2 quantum dot (QD) and (6,6)-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based electron transport layers (ETLs) on device performance and hysteresis. Experimentally results show that SnO2 QD-based devices exhibited favorable photovoltaic properties but significant hysteresis compared to PCBM-based devices. Numerical simulations have shown that the hysteresis effect in devices is influenced not only by the higher concentration of mobile ions in the perovskite layer of PCBM-based devices compared to SnO2 QD-based devices, but also by the more effective redistribution of these ions during forward and reverse J-V scans. The results provide insights into the behavior of printed FPSCs with different ETLs, contributing to the development of high-performance, hysteresis-free printed FPSCs. © 2024 The Authors

Cyanide compounds, both organic and inorganic, are widely present in natural and industrial environments, especially in effluents from mining and metallurgical processes. Their high toxicity, particularly in the form of free cyanides and hydrogen cyanide, poses severe risks to ecosystems and public health by disrupting cellular respiration via inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Conventional chemical treatments such as alkaline chlorination are effective but can be costly, energy-intensive, and generate secondary pollutants. In contrast, microbial bioremediation has emerged as a potentially more sustainable and cost-effective alternative, particularly for on-site treatment of cyanide-laden wastewater from massive tailings dams. Microorganisms including cyanotrophs utilize cyanide as a nitrogen or carbon sources, transforming it into less toxic compounds such as ammonia and carbon dioxide through enzymatic systems like cyanide hydratase, nitrilase, and rhodanese. While bioremediation may operate more slowly than chemical methods, its advantages lie in lower energy consumption, reduced material input, simpler maintenance, and minimized toxic by-products. This review synthesizes current understanding of cyanide's chemical nature, toxicity, and environmental impact, and explores microbial cyanide degradation mechanisms. It further highlights how advances in metagenomics and synthetic biology (“cyanomics”) are enabling the design of more robust biocatalytic systems. Integrating these biological approaches into environmental management frameworks could reduce long-term operational costs and improve sustainability across cyanide-intensive industries. © 2025 The Authors

This article presents the results of developing a model for assessing water quality using the artificial intelligence method. The presented model is based on linear regression, which, when evaluated, revealed a statistically significant interdependence between the combined water quality indicators. It was found that among the measured parameters, the most influential predictor of acidity, conductivity, turbidity and redox potential is water temperature. The discovered relationship between the measured indicators is mainly associated with the influence of temperature on the physical and chemical processes that occur when the temperature of river water increases and decreases. © 2024 IEEE.

Western Kazakhstan is susceptible to desertification, with surface water resource scarcity constraining agricultural development. Groundwater has substantial potential as a reliable and secure alternative to other water resources, particularly for irrigation, which is required to ensure food security. Eight aquifer segments with an exploitable potential of 0.24 km3/year have been identified for the integrated assessment of groundwater’s suitability for irrigation. The assessment criteria included hydro-chemical groundwater characteristics and irrigated land soil-reclamation conditions. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the groundwater quality for irrigation and to develop a practical operation scheme for rational groundwater use in water-saving irrigation technologies and optimize agricultural crop cultivation. Approximately 90% of the groundwater in these aquifer segments was found to be suitable for irrigation, with a total amount of 6520 thousand m3/day and a salinity of up to 1 g/L, and an additional 12,971 thousand m3/day had a water salinity of up to 3 g/L. Only approximately 10% had TDS values above 3 g/L and up to 6.5 g/L, categorized as conditionally suitable for restricted customized agricultural crop irrigation. Irrigated land development by complex soil desalination agro-reclamation operations enabled the use of brackish water for irrigation. The integrated analysis allowed the development of drip irrigation and sprinkling system irrigation schemes that gradually replaced wasteful surface irrigation. The irrigated land prospective area recommended for groundwater irrigation development is 653 km2, with the further restructuring of cultivated areas, reducing the number of annual grasses and grain crops and increasing the number of vegetables, potatoes, and perennial grasses. © 2025 by the authors.

Design and Technology is one of the important subjects taught in secondary or primary schools. However, it is often said that most students are less interested in design and technology subjects. This study was conducted to develop an interactive application based on android in the design and technology subject for the topic of manufacturing technology form 2. The research method of this study was qualitative. The research tool was an interview method. The study respondents consisted of 3 teachers and Design and Technology experts and two design expert lecturers. Study data were collected by recording audio of each interview session conducted by the researcher with 5 respondents and transcribed in Microsoft Word and then categorized into several parts and commented in more detail by the researcher to see the answers given by respondents more clearly. The results of this study found that the developers of this Manufacturing Technology application are well educated. This is because the development of this application will to some extent facilitate the teaching of teachers when PdPc and PdPr take place. In terms of the views of expert teachers and expert lecturers, most respondents gave positive views related to the use of this interactive application in schools compared to negative views, and most gave views resulting from experience while teaching. Some planning suggestions before, during, and after using interactive applications in Learning and Facilitation (PdPc) in Home Teaching and Learning (PdPr) schools were also put forward by expert teachers and expert lecturers for ensuring the use of these interactive applications and it is at an optimal level. The implication of this study is that teachers can improve their skills in using interactive applications in PdPc and PdPr in the future. RBT expert teachers and RBT expert lecturers and teachers in schools are also aware of the importance of the use of these interactive applications in improving students 'thinking skills at a higher level. © 2024 AIP Publishing LLC.