Presently, many enterprises are automating all processes in their production, and the metallurgical industry is no exception. There are many software products for industrial automation on the market today. Such products allow bringing certain processes to a single management process, displaying all processes and automatically monitoring performance indicators, thereby assessing the effectiveness of the models implemented in the enterprise and the operation of the entire enterprise in general. The purpose of this study is to consider which production planning models are currently used for manufacturing execution system (MES) and highlight their features, specifically when implemented at metallurgical enterprises. The study employed the following methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphical presentation of data. The information basis of this paper included the studies of Russian, European, American, Asian specialists investigating the implementation of an integrated management system (MES) in the metallurgical industry. The results of this study allowed highlighting the features of existing production planning models for manufacturing execution systems (MES) in the metallurgical industry. This study is of practical importance because it allows highlighting the major features of various production planning models for manufacturing execution systems (MES) in the metallurgical industry and based on a comparative analysis, choosing the best one to implement at the enterprise. The results of a comparative analysis of production planning models for manufacturing execution systems (MES) in the metallurgical industry can also lead to the fact that an enterprise may abandon one model that is already operating in the enterprise and switch to a new, more progressive model that meets all the requirements and development trends market in the steel industry. Copyright © The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Information about the climate change impacts on river discharge of 2 tributary basins of the Irtysh River, the Oba and Ulbi, is important for effective management of the water resources of the Shulba reservoir in Kazakhstan. The main aim of the study was to investigate potential changes in water resource availability in the study basins. To assess the projected changes, the process-based eco-hydrological model SWIM was used under 2 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate scenarios obtained from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP). Our results show an increase in mean annual temperature of 6.1°C, an increase in average annual precipitation of 7.5 to 14%, an increase in annual average discharge for the Oba (6 to 8%) and smaller discharge changes (below 5%) for the Ulbi at the end of the century under RCP8.5-a scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions-compared to the reference period (1981-2010). Seasonal variations are marked by the peak discharge occurring up to a month earlier, a decrease in the duration of snow accumulation and a reduction in discharge during the summer months. The peak discharge period is prolonged in time, and a slight increase in river discharge could be expected from October to December. Possible future changes in climate may have serious impacts on water resources, agriculture and economic development in the case study basins. The results of this study can be extrapolated to other neighboring basins in Kazakhstan with similar climatic and geophysical characteristics. © Inter-Research 2023.

This work helps address recent calls for systematic water quality assessment in Central Asia and considers how nutrient and salinity sources, and transport, affect water quality along the continuum from the cryosphere to the lowland plains. Spatial and, for the first time, temporal variations in stream water pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations are presented for four catchments (485–13,500 km2), all with glaciers and major urban areas. The catchments studied were: Kaskelen (Kazakhstan), Ala-Archa (Kyrgyzstan), Chirchik (Uzbekistan) and the Kofarnihon (Tajikistan). Measurements were made in cryosphere, stream water, groundwater, reservoir and lake samples over a 22-month period at fortnightly intervals from 35 sites. The results highlight that glacier, permafrost and rock glacier outflows were primary and secondary nitrate sources (>1 mg N L−1) to the headwaters, and there were major increases in salinity and nitrate concentrations where rivers receive inputs from agriculture and settlements. Overall, the water quality complied with national and World Health Organization standards, however there were pollution hot-spots with shallow urban groundwaters contaminated with nitrate (>11 mg N L−1) and stream electrical conductivity above 800 μS cm−1 in some agricultural areas indicative of high salinity. Phosphate concentrations were generally low (<0.06 mg P L−1) throughout the catchments, though elevated (>0.2 mg P L−1) in urban areas due to effluent contamination. A melt water dilution effect along the main river channels was discernible, in the electrical conductivity and nitrate concentration seasonal dynamics, 100 s of km from the headwaters. Thus, the input of relatively clean water from the cryosphere is an important regulator of main channel water quality in the urban and farmed lowland plains adjacent to the Tien Shan and Pamir. Improved sewage treatment is needed in urban areas. © 2024

The intensifying effects of climate change have led to increased flooding, even in desert regions, resulting in significant socio-economic and ecological impacts. This study analyzes the causes and consequences of flooding in the Zhem River basin using data from ground stations, including Kazhydromet, and satellite platforms such as USGS FEWS NET and Copernicus. Spatial analyses conducted in ArcGIS utilized classified raster data to map the dynamics of flooding, snow cover, vegetation, and soil conditions. This enabled a geoecological analysis of flood damage on the vital components of the local landscape. Results show that flooding in the Zhem River basin was driven by heavy winter precipitation, rapid snowmelt, and a sharp rise in spring temperatures. The flood damaged Kulsary city and also harmed the region’s soil, vegetation, and wildlife. In July 2024, the flooded sail area tripled compared to the same period in 2023. Additionally, the area of barren land or temporary water bodies (pools) formed three months after the water receded also tripled, increasing from 84.9 km2 to 275.7 km2. This study highlights the critical need for continued research on the long-term environmental effects of flooding and the development of adaptive management strategies for sustainable regional development. © 2025 by the authors.

The article presents data from scientific research work on the development and study of effective dry building mixtures based on modified diatomites. The properties of the mineral filler diatomite were studied, and it was found that its surface becomes more active and has almost 3-4 times higher strength after thermal treatment compared to untreated diatomite reaching 4.28 MPa. It was also established that the optimal addition of low-viscosity cellulose ether (LCE) and redispersible polymer powder (RPP) results in nearly doubling the composite composition's strength and reaching 0.92 MPa. The water retention capacity of the developed compositions was studied using various methods and on different bases, as well as the effect of ambient temperature on this indicator. Thus, with the ratio of lime: diatomite of 1:1, the mixture showed a water retention capacity of 79.6%, a ratio of 1:2 = 80.5%, and a ratio of 1:3 = 88.7%, all three indicators are lower than recommended, according to the regulatory document. With the same ratio of 1:3 and the introduction of special additives LCE + RPP (50:50) in the amount of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%, this value significantly increased to 93%, 96.5% and 96.6%, respectively. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2024.

Governments enter into public–private partnership (PPP) agreements to attract private financing and bring innovation to the development of their sustainable public infrastructure; however, PPP projects are marked by their complexity and are driven by uncertain economic and institutional environments. The purpose of this study is to conduct a cross-country comparison of PPP risks in three developing countries (Colombia, Kazakhstan, and Ghana) and provide insights into their best practices. The research surveyed diverse risk factors involving 261 local respondents with pertinent experience in PPPs. The study conducted Cronbach’s alpha and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance tests to check the validity of responses, an ANOVA test to examine the differences in the risk perceptions, and risk ranking to reveal the country-specific as well as top-rank risks in the countries. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed risk aversion among developing countries with PPP programs at different maturity stages. Less mature programs, with lower overall investment, exhibited greater overall risk aversion (for Kazakhstan) and greater concerns about transparency and corruption (for Ghana). Highly populated countries with more mature PPP programs that rely significantly on transportation projects demonstrated higher risk aversion regarding the social and political legitimacy of PPPs and land acquisition (for Colombia). © 2024 by the authors.

In research work the problem of studying the process of ozone control with the help of electronic sensors is considered. In research work, special sensors were used, which are formed around coronary electrodes in the ozonator and to monitor the concentration of ozone in the room. This is because ozone is known to adversely affect human health if its maximum permissible air concentration exceeds 0.16 mg/m3. A small system of ozonators was developed in a special laboratory, theoretical and experimental tests were carried out. In practice, the obtained data and the electric diagram of the ozonator (on the ARDUINO platform) were collected. "Prana Air" sensors and current sensors were used to accurately det ermine the ozone (O3) concentration around the ozone nozzle to measure the current at the electrodes. © 2024, Politechnika Lubelska. All rights reserved.

The research is devoted to solve the problem of elevated dust levels in subway air through the implementation of a proposed dust collection system. A comprehensive experiment to determine the fractional and chemical compositions, as well as dust density, in the existing metro systems of Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Novosibirsk (Russian Federation) was conducted. The experiment results led to hypotheses about the sources of dust emission in subways. An innovative method for de-dusting tunnel air has been developed. The method is based on the use of air flows generated by the piston action of trains and the installation of labyrinth filters in the ventilation joints of stations. The parameters of the computational model of a subway line on the basis of decomposition approach to mathematical modeling of aerodynamic processes methods of computational aerodynamics by transition from a full model of a subway line to an open-ended periodic one have been substantiated. The research also justifies the geometric parameters of the labyrinth filters, determining their effectiveness based on air velocity and the number of filter element rows. Additionally, potential energy savings achievable with the proposed system were assessed. The scope of application of the results of the presented study of air distribution from the piston effect in subway structures and the effectiveness of the proposed air filtration system are limited to subways with single-track tunnels and open-type stations equipped with ventilation joints.

This scientific work is focused on detoxifying and purifying harmful compounds in the groundwater of the Talgar district, Almaty region, using a pilot autonomous complex unit. The groundwater in the district contains heavy metals, chemical compounds, and microorganisms that pose a threat to human health and the environment. During the research, comprehensive purification methods for water detoxification and purification were considered. A pilot ETRO-02 ozonator unit, based on a special electrical corona discharge, was developed for the purification system. Filtration methods and UV radiation were also applied. The research results aim to improve the quality of groundwater and make it suitable for use in autonomous drinking water systems. During the experimental work, the efficiency of the water purification unit, its parameters, and their impact on water quality were determined. This research is an important step towards providing clean and safe drinking water in rural and urban areas. Comprehensive studies were conducted to determine the effects of ozone dose, contact time of the treated water with the ozone-air mixture, water temperature, concentration of pollutants, filtration rate, iron, manganese, and the degree of water disinfection according to the sanitary rules and regulations (2.1.4.1074-01). The ozone dose ranged between 1.5 mg/l, the contact time with the ozone-air mixture between 5 to 20 minutes, the water temperature between 9 to 15ºC, and the filtration rate between 8 to 15 m/hour. As a result, the concentration of iron significantly decreased with increasing oxidation time, from an initial value of approximately 1.4 mg/l to about 0.1 mg/l within 20 minutes. The concentration of manganese also decreased, albeit at a slower rate, from an initial value of 0.2 mg/l to about 0.03 mg/l within 20 minutes. This demonstrated that heavy metals could be effectively removed from water over a prolonged period using ozone. Additionally, the initial water contained 17 general microbial count and a coliform index of 1575, which were completely eliminated after passing through the purification unit, meeting the sanitary standards (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01). Moreover, data from the experiments were processed using SMath Solver and Python, and an algorithmic code was written.

In the context of climate change and growing environmental challenges, agriculture requires introducing innovative technologies to increase production efficiency and conserve natural resources. The main engine for creating innovative technologies is the scientific personnel in the agricultural sector. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the potential of scientific personnel in agricultural science and its gender characteristics and develop practical recommendations that will contribute to scientific research and implementation effectiveness. The results of the study show that the level of scientific human resources in the agricultural sector has a moderate development trend. However, from a gender perspective, it was revealed that female researchers have hidden potential and can contribute to activating scientific potential and diversifying research and development in this sector. The article recommends the modernization of the educational program to train future scientists, which focuses on internships as the key to a rapid exchange of knowledge in the agricultural sector.