The object of research is the application of multimedia technologies to support literacy learning in the Kazakh language through interactive tools based on the integration of IoT and Web technologies. The problem addressed is the lack of effective, interactive tools for learning correct spelling and pronunciation in the Kazakh language adaptable to different user roles and levels. This study focuses on the development of a multimedia, interactive educational system aimed at enhancing literacy and promoting active language acquisition. To design aimed system in hardware side an ESP8266 microcontroller was used. 74HC165 shift registers, pull-up resistors are also installed on each button to ensure signal stability. A server side software solution built on the Laravel framework. Communication between the microcontroller and the server is established using the WebSocket protocol, a secure connection between the hardware device and the server is provided through the MAC address. The server runs in a Docker container using the Nginx and supports user roles such administrator, teacher, and student. The results obtained include a working prototype of learning system that allows users to complete tasks in five interactive modes. The results show that the integration of real-time hardware input with a flexible server-side architecture improves user engagement and learning personalization. The features of the solution are its real-time two-way communication via Websocket, role-based access, modular design in Docker, and support for Kazakh language content. The solution is intended at supporting educational institutions, kindergartens, and remote learning environments for learning letters and words, advancing digital education practices, and improving adaptable methods and technologies for the development of IoT based educational tools

Reducing post-harvest losses of cereal crops is a key challenge for ensuring global food security amid the limited arable land and growing population. This study investigates the effectiveness of electron beam irradiation (5 MeV, ILU-10 accelerator) as a physical decontamination method for various cereal crops cultivated in Kazakhstan. Samples were irradiated at doses ranging from 1 to 5 kGy, and microbiological indicators—including Quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms (QMAFAnM), yeasts, and molds—were quantified according to national standards. Experimental results demonstrated an exponential decline in microbial contamination, with a >99% reduction achieved at doses of 4–5 kGy. The modeled inactivation kinetics showed strong agreement with the experimental data: R2 = 0.995 for QMAFAnM and R2 = 0.948 for mold, confirming the reliability of the exponential decay models. Additionally, key quality parameters—including protein content, moisture, and gluten—were evaluated post-irradiation. The results showed that protein levels remained largely stable across all doses, while slight but statistically insignificant fluctuations were observed in moisture and gluten contents. Principal component analysis and scatterplot matrix visualization confirmed clustering patterns related to radiation dose and crop type. The findings substantiate the feasibility of electron beam treatment as a scalable and safe technology for improving the microbiological quality and storage stability of cereal crops. © 2025 by the authors.

This article discusses the issues of gender policy in Kazakhstan. Since gaining independence, in order to strengthen the international image of the state, Kazakhstan has attempted to provide equal opportunities for women to participate in politics. The purpose of this article is to detail the history of formation and the main problems and prospects for the development of gender policy in Kazakhstan. The main principles of political research were used as a framework for analysis. This article attempts to dissect the perceptions of women's participation in politics as a result of Kazakhstan's mostly conservative views of the expansion of women's participation, that is, that it is a threat to national traditions. Nonetheless, despite this, the situation is changing for the better © 2022. Journal of International Women’s Studies

This article presents the results of an integrated water quality assessment of Markakol lake. The adopted integrated water quality index is a mathematical tool used to transform the complex influence of large multi-parameter water quality indicators into unambiguous indices, to facilitate informing the public and legislative decision makers, to establish a common reference system of the water body. Integral assessment of water quality of Lake Markakol was carried out according to physico-chemical and toxicological parameters, which is based on already existing developments, but due to a number of objective reasons it is extremely simplified, contains limited data, was made using values of pH of water, total mineralization, total water hardness and the complex index of water pollution (CIWPhc) taking into account the hazard class, based on groups of toxic ingredients on the signs of the hazard class. The optimal parameters selected for the integral assessment, although limited, the resulting assessment for each parameter is representative. Conducted integral assessment of water quality of Markakol lake by hydrochemical and toxicological indicators shows that the water generally meets regulatory requirements and refers to class 1 (conditionally clean).

Aramid-epoxy composites and glass fiber reinforced plastics are widely used in the manufacturing of the fairing design for modern aerospace vehicles due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with radio transparency in wave transfer. In this paper, aramid-epoxy composite and fiberglass were fabricated by the vacuum infusion method for a comparative study on radio transparency and dielectric characteristics. The radio transparency of the studied materials was evaluated by free-space measurements in the frequency range of 1 GHz to 8.5 GHz. According to the radio transparency results, the aramid-epoxy composite undergoes less electromagnetic wave loss than glass fiber reinforced plastic. Modifying the epoxy resin with tricresyl phosphate in aramid-epoxy resin leads to an increase in mechanical properties with a slight decrease in transmittance and a non-significant increase in dielectric characteristics. The dielectric characteristics results have demonstrated low values (ε = 2.87 and tan δ = 0.037) for aramid composites compared to fiberglass. © (2024), (Journal of Metals). All rights reserved.

Securing water resources is a complicated issue in Kazakhstan. Only 36% of Kazakhstan’s rural population has access to a centralized water supply and 57.3% use groundwater accessed by wells and boreholes. The groundwater quality must be monitored to minimize health risks. The aim of this project is to investigate the groundwater quality in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. Groundwater depletion, pollution, waterlogging, and salinization are all widespread in Kazakhstan. Previously, 500 self-flowing and, within this project, 204 wells were investigated in southern Kazakhstan, the Zhambyl region. The field works and data processing was carried out in three phases: first, a fieldwork survey of existing water wells; the second phase, field work with more detailed hydrogeological investigations, including measurements of flow rates, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity of water samples; the third phase, processing, and analysis of field data samples in chemical laboratories. Kazakhstan’s requirements for drinking water are much lower than the requirements in the EU. Less than 30% of Kazakhstan’s population has access to safe water and about 50% of the population consumes drinking water that does not meet international standards of salinity, hardness, or bacteriological levels. © 2023 by the authors.

The paper investigates the stationary and non-stationary cooling processes of high-viscosity crude oil temperature in the Severnye Buzachi – Karazhanbas pipeline during both pump operations and pump shutdowns. To transport high-viscosity crude oil through pipelines, the hot pumping method is employed. During oil transportation and pump shutdowns, the oil temperature decreases due to heat exchange with the environment, leading to an increase in oil viscosity. As viscosity rises, more power is required from the pumps to move the thickened oil, resulting in higher electricity consumption. To avoid increased operational costs after pump shutdowns, it is crucial to accurately calculate the oil cooling temperature in order to determine the safe shutdown duration and a critical temperature threshold. The Shukhov formula is used to calculate oil temperature during transportation, while a modified version is applied during pump shutdowns. To verify the accuracy of the obtained oil temperature results, the calculated values were compared with the measured values from pipeline sensors in both stationary and non-stationary cases. The novelty of the work is in determining the methodology for calculating the safe shutdown time of a pipeline for high-viscosity oil. The proposed formula was validated using experimental data from SCADA system sensors in real-time.

In this study, a new design of a hydroturbine was developed, modelled, and constructed. The unique features of this turbine design required a thorough investigation and optimization process to enhance hydroturbine performance. The paper discusses numerical and experimental results obtained on the hydroturbine. The optimal angle of attack for the inlet flow direction has been computed from numerical modelling. Consequently, data on velocity, pressure, lift, and drag forces along the blade have been obtained. The study also takes into account the operation of the hydroturbine under non-rotating and rotating rotor modes. Performance metrics such as head, torque, hydraulic power, hydroturbine power, and efficiency were then calculated based on water discharge. These performance calculations were conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics, employing Direct Numerical Simulation and k-epsilon methods. Numerical calculations offer a cost-effective approach to reducing the financial burden associated with material costs for manufacturing hydroturbine prototypes.

To study the impact of soil salinity type and degree in irrigated lands on the process of crop yield formation, multiparametric and single-parameter mathematical models were used. The methodological basis of the study was the materialist theory of scientific knowledge (analysis and synthesis) and the laws of ecology, using graph-analytical methods based on artificial intelligence and the applied software product Microsoft Office. To create the database, an empirical method of generalizing research results was used to study the effect of soil salinity type and degree in irrigated lands on the yield of agricultural crops in various natural and climatic zones of Central Asia for the period from 1932 to 2020. Based on plotting graphs of the dependence of the relative yield of agricultural crops on the dimensionless (relative) value of soil salinity type and degree, based on research data, the following results were obtained: first, differential equations describing the studied process were derived; second, within the framework of a very high determination index confirming a strong correlation between the function arguments and yield, a system of exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial equations was obtained using the applied software product Microsoft Office, which enables the management of agricultural crop yields on saline soils; and third, it creates prerequisites for the design of ecologically sustainable agro-landscapes. © 2025 by the authors.

This article reviews recent literature related to electronic waste (E-waste) processing. The extraction of precious metals is shown as the main economic driver of E‑waste processing. The study methodology is based on collecting and analyzing statistical data and performing comparative analytical methods. The theoretical aspect is based on a critical analysis of the research of Russian and international authors. This article highlights the current pyro-, hydro-, and biometallurgical processing methods used for extraction of precious metals from E‑waste. A comparative analysis of known technologies for E‑waste processing is performed; their advantages and disadvantages are shown to achieve a cleaner waste disposal process. The technological and environmental aspects of E‑waste processing, as well as the effect of toxic substances and harmful components in E‑waste processing, have been subjected to a detailed analysis. According to the analysis results, existing technologies must be revised for a comprehensive solution to environmental problems. The increasing E‑waste formation demonstrates the necessity of new approaches and the development of innovative technologies for E‑waste processing. The use of E‑waste as an additional source of raw materials to produce precious and other valuable metals seems very promising.