This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and traditional all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal atomistic insights into a task-specific Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) supported by graphene oxide with the aim of mimicking its application in the natural gas desulfurization process. The DES, composed of N,N,N′,N′-tetramthyl-1,6-hexane diamine acetate (TMHDAAc) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) supported by graphene oxide, demonstrates improved efficiency in removing hydrogen sulfide from methane. Optimized structure and HOMO-LUMO orbital analyses reveal the distinct spatial arrangements and interactions between hydrogen sulfide, methane, and DES components, highlighting the efficacy of the DES in facilitating the separation of hydrogen sulfide from methane through DFT calculations. The radial distribution function (RDF) and interaction energies, as determined by traditional all-atom MD simulations, provide insights into the specificity and strength of the interactions between the DES components supported by graphene oxide and hydrogen sulfide. Importantly, the stability of the DES structure supported by graphene oxide is maintained after mixing with the fuel, ensuring its robustness and suitability for prolonged desulfurization processes, as evidenced by traditional all-atom MD simulation results. These findings offer crucial insights into the molecular-level mechanisms underlying the desulfurization of natural gas, guiding the design and optimization of task-specific DESs supported by graphene oxide for sustainable and efficient natural gas purification.

В этой статье мы прогнозируем состояние спутниковой навигации на ближайшие годы. Рассмотрим проблемы, которые необходимо решать с помощью спутниковой навигации для наведения самолетов. Затем мы опишем современные методы, позволяющие использовать спутниковую навигацию в авиации, и уровень производительности, которого они достигли сегодня.

This article addresses calculation of the thermophysical processes occurring in a thermoelectric device (TED) for the correction of cerebral hyperthermia by cooling the head. The computational model consists of solutions to three problems: determination of the temperature field of the head area undergoing cooling; determination of the parameters of the thermoelectric modules (TEM) included in the TED; determination of the characteristics of the heat removal system from the hot junctions of the thermal elements in the thermal modules.

Бұл мақалада вагон ағындарын өңдеу тиімділігін арттыру мақсатында өнеркәсіптік теміржол станцияларында жолдарды бөлуді оңтайландыру мәселелері қарастырылады. Тақырыптың өзектілігі шектеулі жол ресурстарын ұтымды пайдалану, станциялардың өткізу қабілеті мен өңдеу қабілетін арттыру және пайдалану шығындарын азайту қажеттілігіне байланысты. Негізгі назар аударылатын бағыт бойынша вагон ағындарын құрастыру және өңдеу ерекшеліктерін, қозғалыс кестесін, өңдеу тәртібін және шектеулі жол қорының ерекшеліктерін ескеретін модельдер мен оңтайландыру әдістерін әзірлеуге бағытталған. Ұсынылған шешімдер математикалық модельдеу, графиктер теориясы, сызықтық және дискретті бағдарламалау әдістерін қолдануға негізделген. Нәтижелер станцияларды басқарудың автоматтандырылған жүйелерін әзірлеу үшін пайдаланылуы мүмкін, бұл вагондарды жолдар бойымен жоспарлауды және жедел бөлуді айтарлықтай жақсартады, жылжымалы құрамның тұрып қалуын қысқартады және жүктерді өңдеуді тездетеді.

This work explores the mathematical modeling of thermophysical processes within a thermoelectric device (TED) designed for brain cooling. The pressing need to mitigate cerebral hyperthermia, a condition triggered by factors such as strenuous physical activity, elevated ambient temperatures, and various pathological conditions, underscores the significance of this research. The focus of this study is a specialized design—a cooling helmet encompassing the scalp, frontal, and temporal regions. This helmet interfaces with the head through a block of thermoelectric modules (TEM) to facilitate cooling. The mathematical model developed for this research addresses three critical components (i) temperature field calculation, (ii) TEM parameter optimization, and (iii) heat dissipation system. The outcomes of this mathematical modeling endeavor yield temperature profiles at key control points within the TED, depicted in spatial and temporal coordinates, contingent upon the supplied TEM power. Furthermore, the study uncovers essential energy parameters for the thermomodules, encompassing their particular types sourced from the standard TEM selections offered by “Cryoterm” LLC, the manufacturer. Notably, the theoretical investigation into TEDs for brain cooling unveils a pragmatic remedy. The integration of two typical DRIFT-0.8 TEMs from the specified manufacturer within the TED design demonstrates the capacity to reduce brain temperature to 291 K. The characteristics of these TEMs display variation within predefined thresholds, with power outputs spanning from 20 to 80 W, an average temperature difference of 50 K across junctions, supply currents ranging from 3 to 11 A, and power consumption levels ranging from 100 to 500 W. These attributes are complemented by coefficient of performance values ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. This research not only sheds light on the feasibility of employing thermoelectric devices for brain cooling but also lays the foundation for addressing cerebral hyperthermia and advancing neuroprotection applications across various clinical and non-clinical contexts.

The theoretical possibilities of increasing the resolution and sensitivity of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal ion injection are considered. The effects are achieved by using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields of special configurations both in the accelerating and focusing parts of the device – a cylindrical immersion objective and a transaxial mirror, respectively. It is shown that the use of an inhomogeneous cylindrical field of a special configuration as an ion accelerator opens up the possibility of a multiple reduction in the energy spread of ions in injected ion packets, associated with the so-called "turnaround time" and, therefore, a significant (two or more times) increase in the limiting resolution of the mass spectrometer. The use of a transaxial electrostatic mirror as a time-of-flight mass analyzer makes it possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the mass-spectrometer due to the implementation of triple space-time-of-flight focusing of ion packets. Key features include reduced ion energy spread, increased maximum resolution, and improved sensitivity due to triple focusing in space and time of flight. This research lays the foundation for expanding the capabilities of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, providing a more efficient and powerful tool for a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. The effects are achieved by using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields of a special configuration in both the accelerating and focusing parts of the device – a cylindrical immersion lens and a transaxial mirror, respectively. Numerical calculations of the system – a four-electrode cylindrical immersion lens in combination with a three-electrode transaxial mirror – are presented, which confirm the conclusions of the theory

The article presents the results of assessing impact of ash dumps on the natural environment under conditions of burning coal from the Ekibastuz deposit in Kazakhstan. It is shown that in the area of ash storage facility at Ekibastuz SDPP-2 and in the Almaty region, as a result of activities of three thermal power plants, huge amounts of ash dumps have been accumulated and significantly pollute the environment. Possibilities of obtaining popular building materials from them have been determined. The relevance and significance of this problem is enhanced by fact that manmade waste from thermal power plants is insufficiently processed while current ash waste accumulates and occupies huge areas, which withdraws them from land use. Utilization of ash dumps makes it possible to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment and ensures the rational use of secondary raw materials. Possibility of obtaining agloporite from the ash of Ekibastuz coal used by the thermal power plant of Almaty is studied. The chemical and granulometric composition of ash and slag is determined. X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses are performed. The analysis of chemical composition of Ekibastuz ash describes the composition of the mineral substances of coal. The main components are silicon and aluminum oxides, and a large amount of iron oxide is also present. Knowledge of the chemical composition of ash is necessary to decide on the possibility of using it to obtain building materials. Thus, all studies conducted have shown the possibility of using ash and slag waste as secondary raw materials in order to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment.

Abstract Relevance. Currently, the standardization at the international level has reached a high stage in the aviation industry. The high requirements for standardization of airfreight refer to the safety and punctuality of air travel. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to modernize and improve the technology of consolidation of dangerous goods into fire-resistant unit load device containers, which will reduce the risk of fire spread, and enable the crew to make a landing in the event of an incident. Methodology. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is a combination of system analysis of the main areas of the introduction of fire-resistant containers in modern air transport, with an analytical investigation Suggested Citation: Imasheva G, Assilbekova I, Konakbay Z, Berkesheva A, Mambetalin D. Introduction of fire-resistant containers into airfreight. of the main areas of modernization of fire-resistant containers intended for the transportation of dangerous goods, which in the future will contribute to a significant reduction in the risks of fires during air transportation and other emergencies that may cause forced landings of air transport. Results. It was determined that the use of fire-resistant containers reduces fuel costs and environmental improvements by minimizing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Conclusions. Thus, the developers of modern refractory materials used in the manufacture of air cargo containers have broad prospects. In addition, the use of such containers will improve working conditions due to their environmental friendliness. © 2023 Uzhhorod National University. All rights reserved.

Abstract In this article, the definition of the current density field at current collection was reduced only to the calculation of the thermal (resistive) action of the electric current. These procedures must include consideration of the bending stiffness of the contact wires to calculate the distribution of the pressing force on the contact wire between the current collecting plates. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing methods for calculating the dynamics of mechanical interaction of the current collector with the chain suspension. As a result of computer modeling in the Comsol Multiphysics software package, the volumetric power density of resistive heating from the intrinsic resistance of the contact wire was determined. © 2024 Seidulla Abdullayev, et al.

Актуальность указанной тематики для данного научного исследования, определяется наличием вопросов выявления оптимальных тенденций развития транспортной инфраструктуры Республики Казахстан, с учётом эффективности капиталовложений в растущей потенциал транзитной составляющей и соотношением видов транспорта в инфраструктурных узлах. Целью данной научно-аналитической работы, является комплексная оценка повышения потенциала и эффективности международного грузового транзита в Казахстане за счет развития транспортной инфраструктуры и её соизмерение с обоснованными потенциальными капиталовложениями для реорганизации и развития инфраструктурных узлов с применениями различных видов транспортных систем. Базовым методом данной научно-аналитической работы является системный анализ существующей транспортной инфраструктуры Индокитайского региона с привязкой к транзитному потоку европейского направления, в который интегрирован метод прогнозирования с целью определения общих тенденций развития инфраструктуры оптимальных для конкретного промежутка времени. Основными результатами данной научно-аналитической работы, является выявление групп ключевых критериев, которые определяют нынешние состояние потенциала и эффективности инфраструктуры, в развитии которых имеются рациональные возможности как для отдельных направлений, так и транспортной инфраструктуры в целом, обращая особое внимание на свою ценность при составлении стратегий и формировании планов повышения потенциала и эффективности международного грузового транзита в Республике Казахстан. Информация, поданная в данной научно-аналитической работе, имеет интерес для широкого круга читателей, представляя ценность как в развитии бизнес-направлений, которые стремиться к возможностям от развития транспортной инфраструктуры, так и государственной системе планирования, представляя особый интерес по причине актуальности геополитического расположения Республики Казахстан.