This study investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of monolayer TiN coatings and multilayer TiN/TiCN coatings deposited via direct current magnetron sputtering onto titanium substrates (VT1-0). The coatings were characterized bymicrostructure, nanohardness, elastic modulus, and tribological performance under lubricated friction condi-tions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the coatings exhibit a uniform microstructure without visible defectsand a typical columnar growth morphology. Nanoindentation tests demonstrated that the multilayer TiN/TiCN coatings possess enhanced hardness (up to 23.5 GPa) and elastic modulus (191 GPa) compared to the monolayer TiN, attributed to interlayer strengthening effects and redistribution of residual stresses. Tribological tests using a ball-on-disk configuration under lubri-cated conditions showed that the multilayer coatings exhibit a significantly lower coefficient of friction (0.10–0.13) and im-proved wear resistance compared to the TiN coating. This behavior is associated with TiCN layers, which reduce interfacial adhesion, promote uniform load distribution, and facilitatesthe formation of a protective tribofilm. The results confirm that the TiN/TiCN multilayer coatings offer superior mechanical and tribological properties, making them promising candidates for engineering components operating under friction and wear conditions.

The object of this study is renewableenergy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan, with an emphasis on the ge-othermal resources of the Zharkent field. Geothermal energy is a promising direction in ensuring energy independence and sustainable development, especially in the context of the needto decarbonize the economy and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The objective of this work is to develop and scientifically substantiate an integrated complex for the production of heat and electricity based on the geothermal resources of the Zharkent field. The study included an analysis of the hydrogeothermal characteristics of the field, an assessment of the energy potential of existing geothermal wells, and a selection of the mosteffi-cient technologies, including binary geothermal units, heat pump systems and direct heat supply systems. A feasibility study of the proposed solutions was carried out considering the climatic, geological and infrastructural features of the region. The re-search results can be applied in the development of pilot projects in the field of geothermal energy, as well as within the framework of the state strategy for the transition to a «green»economy. The proposed complex is capable of increasing the energy sustainability of the Zhetysu region and becoming an example for the implementation of similar solutions in other re-gions of Kazakhstan.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Shu-Ile metallogenic zone using modern geo-physical, geochemical methods and technologies of remote sensing of theEarth. The purpose of the study was to establish patterns of ore deposits within the zone based on new geodynamic approaches and the integration of multidisciplinary geologi-cal data. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to create sound predictive models of mineral deposits, including gold, polymetals and related elements, in conditions of a complicated geological situation and the exhaustion of lightly ex-plored resources.During the research, data from gravimetry, magnetic surveying, electromagnetic sensing and remote sensing data, as well as geochemical characteristics of ore-bearing formations, were analyzed. These data were compared with the results of field observations, stratigraphic and tectonic constructions. A comprehensive analysis made it possible to identify zones of active interaction between the mantle and the earth's crust, manifested in the form of deep faults, subvertical conduc-tivestructures and tectonically weakened zones that play a key role in the formation of ore nodes.Based on a set of geophysi-cal and geochemical features, a new approach to forecasting gold-sulfide and polymetallic mineralization is proposed. It in-volves modeling deep structures and assessing the degree of their influence on the surface manifestations of ore mineralization. The results obtained are of great practical importance: They can be used to optimize exploration activities, increase the effi-ciency of drilling programs, and minimize financial costs.The proposed methodology can be successfully applied in other metallogenic provinces of Central Asia, which emphasizes the versatility and practical significance of the work performed.

As a result of the intensive development of the mining and metallurgical industry, the volume of industrial waste continues to grow year after year. These wastes contain highly toxic heavy metals, aggressive chemical reagents, and other environmentally hazardous components threatening the environment and human health. Among the mining sector's most dan-gerous yet critical infrastructural elements are tailings storage facilities structures designed to accumulate industrial waste (specifically slurry) and typically built from earthen materials. Such facilities' planning, construction, and operation often lack sufficient technical and financial resources, rendering them high-risk structures. Foundation settlement, internal erosion, filtra-tion, breach risk, and seismic instability are all factors that necessitate continuous monitoring to ensure the safety of these storage facilities. Traditional geodetic and mine surveying techniques provide insufficient monitoring capabilities. In current conditions, these methods must be supplemented by geoinformation technologies (GIS, remote sensing, UAVs), which offer spatial coverage, rapid data acquisition, and the capacity for integrated analysis. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the structure, risk level, and monitoring methods of various waste storage facilities operated by the Navoi Mining and Metallurgi-cal Combinat (NMMC), utilizing GIS technologies.

This article presents the results of a study on the distribution of niobium during the chlorination processing of var-ious titanium-containing feedstocks, including titanium slag from JSC «UK TMP», titanium slag from the Norwegian company TiZir Titanium & Iron AS, and their mixtures in different ratios. The titanium slag samples were ground and treated by chlorina-tion using concentrated gaseous chlorine in a molten salt medium composed of alkali metal chlorides (MgCl2, KCl, NaCl), with finely crushed anthracite as a carbon-based reducing agent. The process was conducted at temperatures from 700 to 820°C. The study focused on the distribution behavior of vanadium and niobium during the chlorination of blended titanium slags in propor-tions of 60/40, 50/50, and 30/70 (UK TMP/TiZir), as well as in 100% UK TMPslag. The results indicate that most of the niobi-um accumulates in the dump slag of the titanium chlorinator and in the slurry of the irrigated scrubber. It was also found that an increase in the initial niobium content in the feed leads to its higher concentrations in the sublimate of the dust chamber, in the melt of the salt bath dust-settling chamber, and in the scrubber slurry, while its share in the dump slag decreases.

Thermomechanical processing of steels is an advanced process for producing high-strength steels. Low-alloy high-strength steel grades have a wide range of applications in the production of large-diameter pipes for transporting oil and gas. The application of API grades like X70 steels in pipe rolling production has led to a reduction in metal consumption andenergy expenses for their production. Warm rolling or controlled rolling is one of the advanced technological modes of steel processing, which is described in this article. Therefore, it needs to be emphasized that high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels have gained significant attention due to their superior mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness in various industrial appli-cations. Thermomechanical processing (TMP) plays a crucial role in optimizing the microstructure and mechanical perfor-mance of these steels. This paper explores the fundamental principles of TMP, including controlled rolling, accelerated cool-ing, and precipitation strengthening. The impact of processing parameters on grain refinement, phase transformations, and mechanical properties is discussed. Advances in TMP techniques, such as direct quenching and ultra-fast cooling, are also highlighted. Understanding these processes enables the development of HSLA steels with enhanced strength, toughness, and weldability. The paper also contains experimental part regarding to plane strain compression test results, which is modelling thermomechanical processing of HSLA steels.

This study provides a thermodynamic analysis of phase equilibria and compound stability in the W–Ti–C–Co system using ab initio modeling, the Materials Project database, and HSC Chemistry 6. The focus is on identifying stable and metastable phases relevant to composite materials based on refractory metals and carbon with cobalt and titanium as alloying elements. Calcu-lations yielded a list of characteristic phases, quaternary and ternary phase diagrams (Ti–W–C, Co–Ti–C, Co–W–C), Ellingham-type stability diagrams, and interfacial reaction maps. Mechanical properties were assessed via bulk and shear moduli, showing WC as the hardest and TiCo as the most ductile phase. The study predicts the likely formation of ternary carbides (W–Co, W–Ti), which strongly influence material properties. Fourteen interfacial reactions were identified, including carbide and intermetallic formation. Ellingham analysis showed Co2C is unstable above ~400°C, and Co7W6is unfavorable at all temperatures, while WC remains stable up to ~1400°C, beyond which W2C dominates. These results deepen the understanding of phase behavior in multicomponent metal–carbon systems and support the development of thermally stable, mechanically optimized materials.

В монографии рассмотрены вопросы теории разрешения горных пород при различных технологических процессах их переработки. Изложены разработанные автором аналитические методы расчета гранулометрического состава взорванных пород с учетом их физико-механических свойств, трещиноватости и массива, характеристик ВВ и условии взрывания. С нсполъзованием предложенной математической модели установлены нормыы удельных энергозатрат на разрешение пород при различных формах проявления масштабного фактора. Описаны энергосберегающие технологии ни разрушения горных пород при взрывании, дроблении и измельчении.. Книга прeдназначена для инженерно-технических и научных работников, занимающихся вопросами энерго-ресурсосбережения при различных процессах переработки горных пород; может быть полезна студентам сооответствующих вузов.

This paper presents an analysis of the current state of processing lead–zinc ores from the Koskudyk deposit (Kazakhstan). At present, polymetallic ores are being extracted from the Ridder-Sokolnoye, Zyryanovskoye, Maleevskoye, and Achisai deposits. However, the reserves of rich and easily beneficiable ores are being depleted, and the supply of raw materials from the developed deposits does not exceed 25 years. As a result, more complex and difficult-to-enrich oxidized and mixed ores are being involved in production, and the extraction of non-ferrous metals from these ores presents a significant technological challenge. The most effective method for enriching oxidized polymetallic ores is flotation with preliminary sulfidization. Laboratory studies were conducted on a sample of oxidized lead–zinc ore from the Koskudyk deposit, which contains 79.69% oxidized lead compounds and 84.72% oxidized zinc compounds. This study examines the effect of sulfidization using sodium sulfide and determines the oxidative–reductive potential (ORP) levels for various reagent dosages. The experiments demonstrated that a sodium sulfide dosage of 700 g/t at an ORP of −200 mV yields the most effective lead flotation, resulting in a lead recovery of 50.07%. Zinc recovery remained relatively unchanged across all tests, confirming the limited response of oxidized zinc minerals under the applied sulfidization conditions. The highest beneficiation efficiency was achieved within the ORP range of −160 to −200 mV, beyond which lead recovery began to decline. The findings underscore the importance of optimizing ORP to ensure the formation of a stable sulfide film on mineral surfaces and efficient collector attachment. These results provide practical guidance for improving flotation performance of oxidized ores and demonstrate the need for additional activation strategies in zinc recovery. © 2025 by the authors.

Весь мир нацелен на сокращение потребления угля, но несмотря на такую политику есть страны, где его потребление продолжает расти (Китай, Индия). Если растет потребление угля, то растет объем золошлаковых отходов (материалов), которые необходимо утилизировать, переработать с получение конечной продукции. В работе выполнен обзор по использованию и переработке золошлакоматериалов, и возможные направления утилизации: производство цемента, геополимера, в синтезе цеолитов, в разделении микросферы, в сельском хозяйстве, в мелиорации земель, в фиторемедиации, в качестве реагентов для очистки воды, в дорожном строительстве, при засыпке отработанных шахт. Физико-химическими методами анализа авторы подтвердили, что в основной состав золошлака входят SiO2 (65.9%) и Al2O3 (22.5%). Вывод – кремний и алюминий, содержащиеся в высокой концентрации, могут быть эффективным сырьем для строительных и геополимерных материалов, а также в производстве керамических изделий. Наличие Fe2O3 (5.54%) открывает возможности для её использования в каталитических процессах и производстве пигментов. Щелочная реакция водной вытяжки золы (pH = 9.25) хорошо коррелирует с химическим составом золошлака и подтверждает наличие активных щелочных компонентов в материале. Тем самым щелочная природа золы благоприятствует процессам геополимеризации и повышает реакционную способность материала при взаимодействии с кислыми активаторами. А незначительное присутствие TiO2 (1.11%) может способствовать улучшению механических характеристик материалов на основе золы.