The paper investigates novel steel compositions, alloyed with Cr, Ni, and V, exhibiting improved damping prop-erties. Additionally, it proposesa surface coating method to further enhance damping capabilities. Furthermore, the study pre-sents findings on structure and phase formation processes in (TiN)-Cu coatings, deposited via vacuum-arc deposition on EO5 steels substrates. The coating fracture exhibits signs of ductile fracture, accompanied by the formation of fibrous-banded pits on the fracture surface. Scratch tests reveal shear stresses are presumed to be the primary cause of delamination. With in-creased load, coatings primarily fail along the scratch edge, indicating significant involvement of compressive and tensile stresses. This behavior is attributed to the nanocomposite structure, which hinders crack propagation and allows to maintain ductility. TEM analysis reveals a nanocomposite structure, with electron diffraction confirming the presence of titanium nitride δ-TiN crystallites. No crystallographic texture is observed in the coatings. The coatings significantly influence the internal friction amplitude dependence characteristics. The intricate microstructure, including and internal interfaces, contributes to complex damping properties. Additional damping mechanisms occur at grain interfaces and at the coating-substrate bounda-ry.Further damping mechanisms are incorporated at the interfaces of individual grains and particles and at the interphase inter-action boundary in the coating-base system, in addition to the internal damping mechanisms that occur in the coating itself and the substrate independently.

The article presents the results of calculating the thermodynamic functions (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy) of chromium reduction reactions from its oxide with the participation of active metal reducing agents by applying the constants of substances and the values of the coefficients of the heat equation, consideringthe phase transformations involved in reac-tions such as silicon and aluminum, which occur in the production of refined ferrochrome grades. This calculation is performed by applying the substance constant to the transformed formula for calculating the dependence of the Gibbs energy on the tem-perature of the reactions of redox processes. As noted above, the results of this calculation are of fundamental importance in the melting processes of refined (medium-and low-carbon) ferrochrome grades with separate and joint (in the formof complex silicon and aluminum-containing alloys) using the above-mentioned elements. The calculations were carried out in the temper-ature range from 298K to ~3000K, since this interval covers the conditions of the redox processes. The range under consider-ation covers the entire temperature range of phase transformations of chromium ore and reducing agent (siliceous or silicon-aluminum). For these reactions, there are several temperature intervals due to the phase transformations of the initial reagentsand the resulting products. After performing thermodynamic calculations, graphs of the dependence of the Gibbs energy change on temperature are constructed. Temperature intervals where phase transitions do not affect the reaction are revealed.Consequently, along with passive temperature intervals, there are active intervals in which a sharp increase in the negative value of the Gibbs energy was observed.

Effective and sustainable resource management is critical to the mining industry, which plays a significant role in the Kazakhstan economy. To achieve this goal, the use of remote sensing technologies has become necessary. These ad-vanced tools are now integral to activities such as mineral mapping, research and environmental monitoring. Therefore, the purpose of this comprehensive review article is to scrutinize how remote sensing data is used specifically in the context of mining in Kazakhstan.The comprehensive review covers a wide range of aspects, including the use of remote sensing for mapping and mineral resource studies. Key findings highlight the growing importance of remote sensing technologies in Ka-zakhstan's mining industry as they facilitate the precise delineation of ore deposits, enable effective monitoring of environmen-tal impacts and promote optimal use of natural resources.The article discusses the difficulties and limitations encountered in the application of remote sensing data. Particular attention is paid to the need to improve methods of data processing, correc-tion of atmospheric influences and spectral analysis.The overview presented in this paper is of great importance to those in-volved in research, policy development and industrial sectors who are interested in using remote sensing data to enhance min-ing activities and promote environmental sustainability in Kazakhstan. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the subject, this review offers valuable information that can help researchers deepen their understanding of the topic and guide them to-ward more effective strategies.

The article presents a study of tungsten skarn deposits based on a comprehensive analysis of geological and geo-chemical data. The research is based on information obtained from drilling and core analysis, photographs, and geochemical surveys. The results identified three main areas of the deposit –Eastern, Central, and Western –with differences in the distri-bution of ore bodies and mineralization. The main ore body extends over a significant area and contains a substantial propor-tion of tungsten resources. Mineralized deposits below the main ore body are characterized by varying rock compositions and contain a significant number of ore bodies, including large frameworks.The application of geochemical studies plays a crucial role in understanding geological structures and the formation of mineral deposits. Geochemical data provide information on the composition of rocks, the distribution of elements, and the nature of processes occurring in the Earth's crust. They help estab-lish chemicalrelationships between different rocks and their minerals, as well as reveal connections with geological structures. The analysis of geochemical data identified correlations between the content of valuable elements and rock lithotypes, aidingin a better understanding of the geological structure of the deposit. Special attention was given to the relationship between zirconium and limestones, identified through geochemical data analysis.The proposed analysis method offers new perspec-tives for understanding the formation of skarn deposits and developing mining strategies. The study's results represent an im-portant contribution to mining geology and can be used to optimize the exploitation of tungsten skarn deposits.

Due to the growth of steel industry in the world, the rich resources of ore, Abundanceof inputs required by the iron and steel industry and higher demand for steel in Afghanistan, the idea of designing and locating development plans in the field of iron and steel industry was created. To increase existing competitive advantages and gainingthe most added value for Afghanistan requires suitable locations. In this paper, six cases as criteria and nineteen cases as sub-criteria that have a greater impact on the construction of iron and steel industries, selected after interviews with experts. The questionnaires have been arranged and distributed by google-forms and interviews have been conducted with experts. The weights of the criteria and sub-criteria were calculated based on the results of the questionnaires and using theFAHP. Then by usingthe FTOPSIS, the plans are ranked based on the similarity index. As a result, which the Bamyan has come in first position and Kandahar has come in recent position of development planning to invest. In the end, for more accuracy and correctness of the research after completing all preconditions, sensibility analysis among options according criteria and sub-criteria has been done in five sce-narios.

The technology of scandium extraction from red mud of bauxite processing by hydrochemical method has been developed, including preliminary treatment of red mud with alkaline solution for aluminum extraction, subsequent thermo-chemical transformation in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and repulping in solution containing a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodiumhydrogen carbonate and sorption extraction of scandium from carbonization solution. As a result of pretreatment of red mud with alkaline solution, with the addition of CaO at the rate of obtaining the ratio of CaO:SiO2=1:1 in the pulp at a temperature of240-260°C extraction of aluminum obtained in the solution more than 80%. To increase the degree of extraction of scandium, thermochemical transformation of the phase composition of red mud by treatment with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution at a temperature of 260°C, duration of 6 hours and the ratio L:S=10. Extraction of scandium from red mud is carried out by pulp repulping method with soda-hydrocarbonate recycling solution containing Na2Otot=65g/dm3at NaHCO3/Na2CO3ratio~2 with solution gassing with carbon dioxide to reach pH≤9 at temperature 80°C and duration 3 hours.According to the developed technology the degree of scandium extraction from red mud amounted to 86.5%. The efficiency of the technology is associated with the destruction of mineral components of red mud as a result of two-stage transformation of the phase composition, its recrystallization and release of the difficult-to-discover part of scandi-um. The analysis of existing technologies of sorption extraction of scandium from sulfuric acid leaching solutions was carried out, which showed that the best selectivity for scandium is possessed by ion-exchange resins synthesized by phosphorylation of copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene. When using phosphorus-containing amphoteric ionite Lewatit TP 260, the de-gree of scandium extraction from the carbonization solution was 98%.

A review of studies on the protection of metals and their alloys from corrosion has been conducted. Currently, the problem of protecting metals and metal structures from corrosion is relevant in the world. The problemof protecting metal products from corrosion has not lost its importance since the beginning of the use of metal. The urgency of this problem liesin the fact that the intensive development of metal-intensive industries is associated with the rapid growth of economic and envi-ronmental damage caused by the destruction of metal structures, equipment and products. Practically all existing metal is sub-ject to corrosion, but the long-term reliable functioning of products, equipment, metal structures made of metal and its alloys depends on the speed of the corrosion process. The average service life of products made of non-ferrous and ferrous metal alloys is about fifteen years, which is common in environmental conditions. Not only iron alloys, but also hard-to-melt metals and their alloys have a harmful effect on the environment. The main harm from metal corrosion is associated not only with theloss of a large amount of metal, but also with the failure of metal structures, since due to corrosion they lose the necessary strength, ductility, density, thermal and electrical conductivity, insulation and other necessary properties. Protection of metal structures from corrosion gives a positive effect by reducing the cost of repair and complete replacement of the entirestructure or part. Corrosion protection is one of the most important problems of modern industry. This article provides information about the origin of the term corrosion, the course of this process, its types and the alleged damage.

A description of the level of knowledge and regional features over the complex southern region of the Caspian basin is given. Modern ideas about the characteristics of the load and the total salt-dome tectonics on the supports of local structures and the oil and gas accumulation zone are presented. Based on the disclosure of data on the internal structure, the need for a detailed study of the “salt dome -trough”, the patterns of distribution of salt-bearing thickness over the area, and its manifestation on the overlying types of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous are substantiated. The analysis of data on the struc-ture and oil and gas content of salt dome structures of the southern interfluve of the Ural-Volga and the Yuzhno-Embinsky district is carried out. The factors determining the degree of complexity of the structure of the post-salt strata are substantiated. Including: the relationship between the activity of dome growth and the changes over time in the structural plan along horizons IV, V, and III within the supra-dome, peri-dome areas, and the periphery of the dome, as well as the overall evolution of the 'salt dome –basin' system. The wide strip along the contour of the southern framing of the Caspian basin, which is character-ized by a sheet-like and weakly faulted salt occurrence, is emphasized as the most promising in terms of oil and gas bearing. In this strip on the southern framing of the Caspian basin, using the example of the fields of the Prorva group, Borankol, Kisim-bay and others, it is shown that promising local structures are characterized by the preservation of the completeness of the section in the supra-dome and sub-dome parts, which provides relatively more favorable conditions for the formation of hydro-carbon traps in them.

Groundwater is an important natural resource and its importance for the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan is enormous. In conditions of limited surface water resources and due to the changes and increasing climate aridi-zation, the southern regions of Kazakhstan are increasingly experiencing a shortage of water resources.The climate conditions of the south-eastern regions of Kazakhstan are characterized by a lack of moisture, which makes irrigation an integral part of agricultural production. In recent decades, water resource management has become increasingly important. The efficient use ofwater resources through modern irrigation technologies can contribute to increased land productivity and food security in the region.This paper presents the results of research on the use of groundwater in the southern part of the Kerbulak field for irri-gation purposes. The paper analyzes the current state of groundwater use and prospects for the development of irrigated agri-culture in the considered area.The article presents the results of the research of the hydrogeological conditions of the Shengeldy area (the southern part of the Kerbulak field), identified prospective aquifers, studied the quality of groundwater, and made conclusions about the use of groundwater for various purposes.The groundwater of the Kerbulak field can provide a stable water supply during the growing season, and this is critical for agriculture in poor years.However, despite all the bene-fits, irrigated agriculture faces a number of challenges, such as soil degradation, pollution and depletion of water resources. Therefore, the important task is to develop and implement effective strategies for the management of irrigated areas, aimed at integrating modern technologies, traditional knowledge and sustainable agricultural practices.

The paper presents the results of technological research on the extraction of gold by hydrometallurgical methods, as well as the beneficiation of gold ore using the methods of centrifugal concentration of gravity and flotation. Valuable ore components were identified by quantitative chemical analysis; a study of the material composition showed that the main indus-trially valuable mineral in the ore is gold with a content of up to 1.60 g/t, with accompanying silver -27.96 g/t. Studies of the granulometric composition showed gold content in different size classes, the maximum gold content was 8.01 g/t in samples of size class -0.071 mm. X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase chemical, fire assay analyzes for gold and silver content were carried out, and a mineralogical study of the ore sample was carried out. Based on the research results, conclusions were drawn aboutthe properties of the deposit's ore; according to mineralogical analysis, the ore under study belongs to the low-sulfide primary type, gold is found mainly in free form and in intergrowths with minerals, the technological type of ore is easily enriched, finely disseminated.It was established that the studied ore is effectively enriched by gravity and flotation methods; as a result of the gravity-flotation scheme, 96.29% of gold was extracted into enrichment concentrates; with the enrichment scheme using surfactants, 91.31% of gold was extracted into concentrates. The recovery of gold by direct cyanidation from ore crushed to 95% of -0.074 mm class was up to 92.78%. The results obtained indicate that gold in the ore is in forms extractable by cyanide leaching. Studies have been conducted on the use of surfactants in the process of flotation and extraction of gold from raw materials by cyanidation in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the processes.