The article presents the results of computer thermodynamic modeling and experiments on the production of fer-roalloysof the production of ferroalloys from a mixture of tailings for sulfuric acid leaching of oxidized copper ores from the Almaly, Ayak-Kodzhan, Aktogay, Kounrad, Shatyrkol deposits, containing(%):65.2SiO2;14.2Al2O3;7.4Fe2O3; 2.4K2O; 2.7Na2O; 6.6CаO; 2.8MgO; 0.2CuO. The simulations werecarried out using the HSC-6.0 software package based on the Gibbs minimum energy principle, as well as the research planning method using a rotatable second-order plan (the Box-Hunter plan).Experiments on melting a mixture of tailings were carried out on the Tamma furnace in isothermal mode.The influence of tem-perature and the amount of carbon on the equilibrium degree of distribution of silicon, aluminum and the concentration of these metals in the alloy was determined. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the equilibrium interaction of a mixtureof heap leaching tailings of copper ores with carbonand iron occurs with the formation of FeSi, FeSi2, FeSi2.33, Fe5Si3, FeSi2.43, Fe3Si, Si, SiO2, Al, SiC, CaSiO3, Al2SiO5, MgSiO3, K2SiO3, Na2SiO3, Cu, CO. An increase in iron from 30 to 50% of the mass of the mixture of leaching tailings and temperatures from 1600 to 2000ºС increases the degree of extraction into the silicon alloy to 83.2%, and reduces the concentration of silicon in it from 40-41.41% (at 1800ºC) to 30-31%, aluminum at 2100ºС from 8.3% to 5.5%. Ferrosilicon of the FeSi45brand with the extraction of 74-81.9% Si from it is formed at 1780-1910ºС, 30% iron and 34% carbon, and the FeSi25brand with the extraction of 70-76% Si into it is formed in the temperature range of 1660-1730ºСin the presence of 43.5-50% iron. Determines the influence of temperature 1000-2100ºС and iron. To achieve high (≥80%) silicon in the alloy, a temperature of at least 1800ºС and an 80-minute duration of the process are required.

The content of the leading elements in the technical composition of high-ash coals on the territory of Kazakhstan makes it possible to obtaina complex alloy. In accordance with this, a comprehensive study of the possibilities of obtaining an Aluminium-chromium-silicon alloy, which can be a complex deoxidizer and reducing agent, is among the topical issues.The article presents the results of astudy of the thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Cr-Si-Al-C multicomponent system, where, on the basis of thermodynamic data, the boundary ternary systems of the basic four-component Cr-Si-Al-C system are constructed. As a result, the components of the condensed phases of a multicomponent system were determined. Descriptions are given for each of the defined phases, with the help of which it is possible to create an accurate model of the general system of compositions of chromium-containing melts with the calculation of their normative phase compositions.Triangles of the Cr-Si-Al-C system have been established, modulating the compositions of the resulting compositions of metal products during the smelting of the aluminosilicochrome alloy using high-ash coals. As a result of modeling, the main components of the phase of three-component systems Аl-Si-С, Аl-Cr-Si, were revealed. Volumes and color integrals indicating condensed and gaseous phases are determined. The technology of obtaining silicon-aluminum alloys is based on the reduction of oxides from the ash of high-ash coal with its own carbon in ore-thermal furnaces.

This research study's overarching goal is to assess the effects of industrial (chemical components) and agricultur-al (Pesticide residues) activities on the Syr-Darya. This study has the following specific goals:1. Assess the current state of Syr-Darya's water quality;2.Examining the agricultural and industrial activities in the Syr-Darya (Kazakhstan) downstream portion.In this study we aimed to assess the current state of water quality in the downstream portion of Syr-Darya using the Water Quality Index (WQI) arithmetic method. The study specifically focuses on the effects of industrial and agricultural ac-tivities on water pollution, including metallic and non-metallic chemical components, PH, TDS, other minerals, and pesticide residues. The importance of this research lies in the lack of up-to-date evaluations of water quality classification and the poten-tial impact of pollutants (industrial and agricultural activities) over the Syr-Darya. The literature review highlights the high levels of pollution in the river due to industries and agricultural activities. Both upstream and downstream countries contribute to the pollution, with upstream countries adding pesticides and downstream countries polluting the water through industrial activities. The research will involve collecting secondary data from existing studies on water pollution and indicators of water quality in the region. The methodology involves calculating the WQI using the Weighted Arithmetic Index Method, which provides an overall index number representing the water quality. This research is important for understanding and managing water pollution in the Syr-Darya river basin.

This article discusses the conduct of geoecological research, the need for which depends on the process of urani-um mining by underground well leaching, the relevance of environmental problems. As a result of geoecological studies, data on soil, vegetation cover, underground water and atmospheric air pollution will be obtained, which characterize the state of the environment. The high concentration ofchemical elements and their compounds allows us to identify the causes and sources of contamination.Research methods necessary for conducting research are determined considering specific natural-territorial complexes (NTC), geomorphological, geochemical and other conditions. They may include the results of previously conducted geological, engineering-geological, hydrogeological and geochemical studies.

The results of studying the effect of silicon concentration of ferrosilicon: FeSi5 (5% Si), FeSi20 (20% Si), FeSi35 (35% Si), FeSi50 (50% Si), FeSi65 (65% Si) on the degree of nickel (ηNi) and iron (ηFe) reduction of the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-FeO-NiO-P2O5multicomponent oxide system at a temperature of 1500°C by thermodynamic simulation are giv-en. The HSC Chemistry 6.12 software package developed by Outokumpu (Finland) was used for the simulation. Thechemical compounds Ni3Si and Ni5Si2with the corresponding thermodynamic characteristics are entered into the database. The calcula-tions were performed by the “Equilibrium Compositions” subroutine at a gas pressure of 1 atm, containing 2.24m3N2as a neutral additive. The obtained modeling results indicate the thermodynamic possibility of nickel and iron reduction from the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-FeO-NiO-P2O5oxide system by silicon of ferrosilicon. The degree of iron reduction increases from 88.8 to 91.4% with an increase in the silicon concentration of ferrosilicon [Si]FeSifrom 5 to 65%. The degree of nickel reduc-tion with an increase in the silicon concentration of ferrosilicon remains almost unchanged and amounts to 99.8-99.7%. The degree of use of silicon is 92.1-94.5%. The chemical composition of the complex alloy -ferrosiliconickel is determined. The obtained simulation results can be used to develop the technology for producing ferrosiliconickel from nickel ore by silico-thermic method.

The article presents the results of a study of the interaction of phosphorites from the Chulaktau deposit of the Karatau basin with coke and steel shavings. The studies were carried out by computer thermodynamic modeling using the HSC-10 software package, together with mathematical planning of experiments, as well as by electric phosphorite melting in an electric arc furnace. On the basis of the conducted studies it was established that the joint formation of intermediate prod-ucts from the systems Ca3(PO4)2-SiO2-C-Fe is possible at the temperature ˃1635-1702ºC. Based on the obtained volumetric and planar images of the coke and steel shavings effect on the technological parameters of the phosphorite’s electric smelting, it was found that in order to produce FS25 grade ferrosilicon containing 20-30% of Si and calcium carbide with a capacity of 245.1-248.1 dm3/kg (2ndgrade), the process should be carried out in the presence of 52-58% of coke and 24.4-38% of steel shavings. In this case, the extraction degree of silicon into the ferroalloy was 70-80%, and calcium into calcium carbide –60-70%.

The article discusses issues related to increasing the efficiency of extracting gold-bearing ores from poor ores us-ing the gravity enrichment method. Gold is a metal whose production and consumption are least susceptible to high fluctua-tions in the global and domestic markets. Global gold production faces certain challenges, including the depletion of rich and easily enrichable ores and shallow deposits suitable for open-pit mining. However,the simultaneous sharp increase in energy resources and transportation costs has reduced the profitability of domestic mining and technological production. The high variability in content, mineral composition, the presence of a large number of impurities,and differences in the forms and nature of deposits place gold among the most challenging raw materials to process. This requires the integration of various methods of enrichment and processing. The author presents the impact of the centrifugal concentrator Nelson (Knelson) on increasing the gold recovery from gold-bearing poor ores under high climatic conditions. The increase in extraction is achieved through the disruption of ore structure, substantial density reduction, and enhanced mineral liberation through gravity, reaching up to 63%. Thus, the optimization is classified as fine and medium-grained gold.

This research’s purpose is to monitor changes in the water quality of the Syrdarya River and groundwater of the Kyzylzharma field for the sustainable supply of drinking water to the city of Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan. This article presents the results of chemical analyzes of natural waters of the Syrdarya River, taken from river water in the direction of flow, in the territory of Zhanakorgan, Kyzylorda and Kazaly. The results of the quality of groundwater used in some wells are presented incomparison with the drinking water standards in force in Kazakhstan.It should be noted that in the area of the Kyzylorda field, the mineralization of groundwater is 0.8-1.1 g/l, the sulfate content in the water of individual production wells reaches 690 mg/l, and the total hardness of groundwater is up to 14 mEq/l. The results of an assessment of possible changes in groundwater quality are presented. According to forecasts for February 16, 2038, the greatest increase in groundwater mineralization (by 0.22 g/l) will occur in wells with map numbers 131, 133, 135.

This article presents the results of applying geostatistical interpolation methods to filtration coefficients obtained from interval hydrogeological studies in six geotechnical wells, with depths up to 1500 meters, in the Nurkazgan East field. Packers were usedto isolate the required intervals, and pressure changes during tests were recorded using autonomous sensors. Subsequent processing of the results was carried out using the Python programming language. Geostatistical interpolation methods (including simple kriging and stochastic methods) for geological features were examined. For this purpose, several Python programming language libraries were utilized for data preparation, interpolation, visualization, and export to the re-quired data format, such as Pandas, Numpy, PyGSLIB, GeONE, and others. As a result, the distribution of filtration coeffi-cients within the boundaries of the modeled block was obtained. The applied stochastic methods allowed obtaining the neces-sary number of equiprobable realizations of the filtration coefficient distribution, which on average converged to the solution of simple kriging. Using these equiprobable realizations in further solving the problem of determining the forecast volume of drainage water, using geofiltration modeling, will provide a probabilistic distribution of these volumes. The forecast volume of drainage water significantly impacts the economy of the entire mining enterprise, as it affects the chosen mine dewatering scheme, selection of infrastructure for drainage water pumping, the magnitude of unbalanced volumes of pumped water dis-charged into the evaporator pond, and much more. Accordingly, the described method will allow determining both the most probable volumes of drainage water and their upper and lower bounds. Conducting geostatistical calculations using program-ming languages, particularly Python, enables hydrogeologists to fully utilize the theoretical foundations of any direction, whereas ready-made software products to some extent impose limitations.

The article discusses the methods of processing vanadium-containing raw materials, including methods of pre-sintering and leaching of raw materials, extraction and precipitation of vanadium-containing solutions. In addition, the specific methods used for each type of vanadium-containing raw materials are described, with a description of their advantages and limitations. The article also briefly analyzes a number of the main influencing factors and mechanisms of various processes. Some research prospects are proposed to improve the methods of vanadium concentration from vanadium-containing raw materials.The article considers the potential of extraction and processing of vanadium-containing black shale ore, as well as vanadium-containing titanomagnetite ores. Spent vanadium catalysts used in petrochemical processes can be a potential source for vanadium extraction. In addition, vanadium-containing bauxite raw materials, oil and steel production slags can be promis-ing raw materials for further extraction of vanadium.The article presents methods for processing vanadium-containing raw materials, including methods of pre-sintering and leaching ofraw materials, extraction and precipitation of vanadium-containing solutions. In addition, the specific methods used for each type of vanadium-containing raw materials are described, with a description of their advantages and limitations. The article alsoexamines the potential of extraction and processing of vanadium-containing black shale ore, vanadium-containing titanomagnetite ores as a potential source for vanadium extraction. Vanadium-containing bauxite raw materials and steelmaking slags can also bepromising raw materials for further extraction of vanadium.