This article provides information on the stability of the natural dam of Lake Kaiyndy in the study area. Lake Kaiyndy is located in the middle part of the basin and is fed by melted snow and rainwater. The flow of water from the lake is carried out by the surface. The lake belongs to the high category of mudflow hazard. During the technogenic development of this territory, one should considerthe negative impact of the additional load on the stability of the sides of the canyon and not expand the development of the territory towards the river. In the event of a lake outburst, the road bridge of the village ofZhalanash -the village of Saty, residential buildings and farmland of the village of Algabas and Zhanatalap of the Kegen dis-trict, the village of Shelek, the village of Masak, the village of Baiseit, the village of Malybay, with. Zhanasharua of the Enbekshikazakh district and the Bartogay reservoir of the Almaty region, road bridges, power lines. The total number of peo-ple in the risk zone is more than 2-3 thousand people. Also, the Kuldzhinsky Trakt highways, the Western China-Western Europe auto-ban, irrigation systems, the waterworks of the Kunaev BAC and other linear communications fall into the zone of influence. Lake Kaiyndy is a place of mass visits by tourists and vacationers. In summer, the number of people at risk can reach several hundred.

The article presents the results of a study of the thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Fe-Si-Al-Ba multicomponent system, where, on the basis of thermodynamic data, the boundary ternary systems of the basic four-component Fe-Si-Al-Ba system are constructed. As a result, it was determined that the system consists of 12 elementary tetrahedra. For each of the tetrahedra, analytical equations are determined, with the help of which it is possible to establish the location in the factor space of the general system of the compositions of various metal melts with the calculation of their normative phase compositions. The correctness of the breakdown into elementary tetrahedra can be seen due to the volumes of the same tetrahedra, where the sum of these volumes is equal to one (1.00000). The quasi-volumes in the system Fe-Si-Al-Ba, simulating the compositions of the resulting metal products during the smelting of an alloy of ferrosilicoaluminum with barium in the process of reduction, have been established. As a result, it turned out that the Fe-Si-Al-Ba system does not include ternary and quaternary compounds, with the exception of interstitial solid solutions containing Fe-Si and Fe-Al phases doped with barium, as well as silicon-barium-aluminum containing eutectic. In this case, the region of the composition of the alloy with a barium content of 8-10% will be the most optimal. Further, with an increase in the concentration of barium in the alloy above 10%, it leads to the loss of barium with atmospheric oxygen, and also leads to a violation of the melting process.

Large amounts of waste from the enrichment of manganese ores, dispersed iron-and carbon-containing slurries accumulate at large processing plants, metallurgical plants, plants. Millions of tons of manganese waste have been accumulated at the Dzhezdinsky GOK. Processing of small and dispersed metal-containing industrial waste cannot be carried out by tradi-tional technology. The development and implementation of a new technology for processing these wastes into valuable metal alloys is a very urgent problem.In this paper, based on a comparative analysis of the theoretical approaches to the production of steel and ferroalloys of tra-ditional technology and newideas, the selection and justification of the preparation of the charge is carried out. It is shown that the theoretical foundations of the adsorption-autocatalytic mechanism can be revised from the point of view of the organization of metal production from the point of view of solid-phase reactions.The theoretical foundations of the «Dissociation-adsorption mechanism»are given, where the phenomenological phenome-non is focused on the fact that the dissociation of chemical compounds, including metal oxides, is inherent in them as well as their formation from individual elements regardless of external conditions. The influence of external factors, for example, energy (temperature rise), causes thermal dissociation, which does not so much prove whether dissociation exists or not at all, as it shows a specific degree of dissociation of the compound for the purposeful restoration of the element or the formation of a new compound.It is shown that the dissociation of metal oxides intensifies proportionally to a decrease in particle size and an increase in temperature. It is established that dispersed oxide materials can be metallized with solid carbon due to the reduction of iron within the temperature range of 950-1100°C.

During the processing of chromium ores, chromite concentrate is obtained for the production of ferrochrome, and waste is also collected -tailings beneficiation. Fragment and sludge tailings depending on the beneficiation technology.Finely dispersed sludge tailings of the Donskoy MPP of Kazchrome JSC are stored at the Dubersay and Akzhar tailings, which are man-made deposits (MMD) or man-made mineral formations (MMF). To develop a technology for processing sludge tailings, which contain up to 30% chromium oxide, their physical and chemical studies were carried out. According to the chemical analysis of sludge tailings, it follows that research should be directed to the removal of magnesium and siliconoxides, thereby increasing the content of chromium oxide to a standard chromium concentrate. A very thin dissemination of chromite with minerals of host rocks necessitates additional grinding of intermediate products, which are intergrowths of chromite with waste rock. Accordingto the results of fractional analysis and IR spectroscopy, the content of a large numberof flocculants in the studied sludge tailings and a large number of particles with a particle size of less than 20μm, which, in heavy liquid solutions, due to its small size, is in suspension and does not stratify, was revealed. According to the granulometric composition, it was determined that the sludge minus 0.071mm must also be classified into 0.04 and 0.02mm and enriched each class separately. It has been established that in order to obtain high technological performance, the traditional gravitational beneficiation scheme used at the DMPP is technologically cumbersome, because includes operations of flocculant disintegration, classifica-tion, grinding, beneficiation on concentration tables of each size class, regrinding of intermediate products. The results of the physicochemical study of chromium sludge tailings showed the need for a combined beneficiation scheme, including chemical enrichment with finishing of chromium concentrate by gravity beneficiation.

Forest fires greatly affect forest ecosystems, causing the loss of their biodiversity and their resilience. In addi-tion, they have a strong impact on the global carbon balance and, ultimately, climate change. This article analyzes studies ofremote sensing techniques and data used to estimate the area of forest burnt, fire severity, fire impacts, and patterns of refor-estation at the global level. The study discusses the results of an analysis based on 329 selected articles on major aspects ofthe field of study published in 48 journals over the past two decades (2000-2020). Article characteristics were analyzed, including journals, spatial extent, geographic distribution, types of remote sensing sensors, ecological zoning, tree species, spectralindi-ces, and accuracy measures used in the studies. The paper also discusses the main trends, problems and the increasing value of various remote sensing methods in assessing the area of forest fires, the severity of fires and post-fire recovery. Finally, it iden-tifies potential opportunities for future research using next-generation remote sensing systems, classification methods and cloud computing, as well as new process platforms for regional and large-scale research applications.

This article analyzes the change in the flow of the rivers of the Shu-Talas water management basin, consideringclimate change. During the study, linear trends in river flow were compiled, as well as meteorological parameters such as annual precipitation and average temperature in the basin region. The data were obtained from the annual collections of RSE «Kazhydromet»with further statistical processing. Data from 9 gauging stations of the considered basin and 9 meteorological stations closest to the basin were subjected to analysis. The materials obtained can be practically significant for long-term planning and development of large-scale measures for the integrated use, protection of water resources and solving complex problems of water supply inthe Republic of Kazakhstan.

In the article, the continuous growth in the development of the gold mining industry in our country, the growth in the consumption of metals and other minerals justify the search for and development of new minerals, the development of new efficient technological schemes for mining. processing of minerals, development of new types of raw materials from difficult-to-enrich ores. Research is aimed not only at the preparation and development of new deposits, the determination of the en-richment of gold-bearing ores, but also at the theoretical development of methods for separating the components of mineral raw materials.There are more than 2.000 gold deposits inthe Republic of Kazakhstan. Over the past two decades, studies of the structure of gold-bearing raw materials show an increasing trend in the extraction of ores.The continuous growth in the rate of development of the gold mining industry, the increase inthe consumption of metals and other minerals justify the search for and development of new minerals, the development of new efficient technological schemes for the processing of minerals, the development of new types of raw materials from hard-to-enrich ores. Research is aimed not only at the preparation and development of new deposits, the determination of the enrichment of gold-bearing ores, but also at the theoretical development of methods for separating the components of mineral raw materials. In the last two or three decades, the proportion of gold obtained from technologically simple gold ores has been steadily declining. In nature, gold occurs mainly in the form of a native metal, intermetallic compounds and minerals containing gold, silver, copper,iron, mercury, bismuth, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium and gold gelluride minerals. In addition, gold occurs in the form of compounds with organic acids.

The actual task of this work is to obtain homogeneous hard alloys with fine carbide grains, combining high hard-ness and strength. Studies were carried out to establish the most favorable phase compositions of hard alloys and the most rationaltechnical methodology for their production.In this research work, a nanostructured WC-TiC-Co powder charge was obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. Na-nosized WC powder and nanopowder with precipitated Co were added to the hard alloy charge by mixing ina ball planetary mill. The process of pressing the powder charge at a pressure of 100-1000MPa, as well as the sintering process at a tempera-ture within the range of 1450-1600°C was applied. The chemical-metallurgical method of deposition of metal layers from salt solutions was applied to obtain the WC-Co hard alloy. X-ray structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy were ap-plied. The effect of the preparation method on the phase composition of WC-TiC-Co consolidated samples was studied. In the microstructure of these hard alloys, intercrystalline particles of (Ti,W)C are observed, and the presence of the liquid phase canlead to a rounded shape. It was found that the addition of nano-sized WC powder leads to an increase in pressed density. It was revealed that the addition of WC nanosize additives or WC nanopowder with deposited cobalt makes it possible to obtain a fine-grained structure with a grain size of not more than 4-6 microns. It was found that the addition of WC nanopowder with precipitated cobalt to the alloy has the highest Brinell hardness values; in addition, it leads to an increase in the bending strength.

To develop a comprehensive technology for processing technogenic gold-containing waste, a representative sample of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposits was selected.The average representative sample was studied using chemical, X-ray phase, mineralogical, X-ray spectral and electron microscopic analysismethods. The article presents physico-chemical studies of gold-bearing technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit. According to the results of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the main phase components are the following minerals: α-quartz -63.2%, barite -26.8%, muscovite -6.3% and gypsum-3.8%. Electron probe scanning revealed the presence of gold in the form of thin inclusions in rock-forming minerals. With the help of rational analysis, it was found that the proportion of free gold in the form of accretionswith ore components in them is 7.18%. It was found that the main part of gold -64.7% -is in the sulfide sample in the form of films coated with quartz, iron hydroxides, carbonates, chlorites and other minerals.According to the results of assay and atom-ic adsorption, gold in technogenic mineral formations varies from 1.11 to 1.28g/t. The sieve analysis of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit showed that the initial sample is mainly represented by a class of -0.25+0.074mm.Based on the data of analytical studies, it can be seen that the studied samples of stale tails of TMOS are a rather complex object for extracting gold, which is associated with the above-described features of the material composition. As well as the thin inclusiveness of gold in sulfides determine the persistent nature of the raw material under study.The results obtained in the physico-chemical study of technogenic mineral formations of the Aksu deposit will become the basis for choosing the technology for processing this raw material.

At present, the problem of excessive CO2emissions in Kazakhstan is more acute than ever. Almost all major industrial cities, in one way or another, suffer from multiple excesses of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Under the Paris Agreement, Kazakhstan, along with other signatory countries, has pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels. However, to date, no positive trend has been observed. In this regard, the technolo-gy of carbon dioxide capturesfrom industrial facilities and injecting it into depleted oil or gas fields could be a good inno-vation and set a good trend in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we reviewed the studies thatevaluated the geology of the known sedimentary basins in the country and compared the results to the existing criteria for assessing the CO2storage potential. The results of the studies were summarized and a technical review was presented, which suggeststhe suitability of Kazakhstan to implement CCS in the basins of the Caspian region, Ustyurt basin, Mangyshlak, Chu-Sarysu, South Turgai, Zaisan basin.