This article discusses the assessment of the level of soil pollution of heavy metals by their content in the conditions to mining and processing production associations. According to the results of laboratory analysis of the studied soils, the predominant types of HM soil contamination were identified. We have studied 8 heavy metals, the determination of the content on the territory of mining plants showed a quantitative increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil. According to the scale of soil contamination by heavy metals on the territory of the mining and processing production Association, it can be attributed to the average level of pollution. In research for the first time analyzed and assessed technogenic soil pollution of heavy metals in their mobile content and on this basis the proposed activities on environmental protection designed for the mining and processing production associations, including: measures to reduce impact, protection and rational use of soil. This article demonstrates that currently the main factors contributing to soil contamination of HM are mining plants.

The work material relates to problems of selection and comparison of states of a dynamic object for complex monitoring of the state of laying by heterogeneous information and can be used in diagnostic and control systems of objects for prompt obtaining of reliable information on the state of a object. The purpose of the work is to create a system for monitoring and controlling the processes of hardening of the filling material, which enables to make continuous remote monitoring and helps prepare and make short-term management decisions for the timely prevention of emergencies and their occurrence, consequences, reducing the cost of manufacturing and operating the system. It is noted that each filling material indicator separately determines the state of the array partially, only one side of its description, and cannot be a global assessment of the state of the entire object.

Ground motion prediction equations (GMPE) relate the strong ground motion shaking parameters to variables describing earthquake source, path, and on-site impact. From the many available GMPEs, we select those models that are suitable for use in seismic hazard assessment and take into account regional seismic and tectonic conditions. We present a GMPE selection procedure that evaluates multidimensional ground motion trends (e.g., in magnitude, distance, and structural period), examines functional forms, and evaluates quantitative GMPE performance tests versus independent data. Our recommendations include international simulation-based models for seismically active crustal regions, and models for stable regions. To approximate epistemological uncertainties, the selection process takes into account alternative representations of key GMPE attributes such as velocity attenuation over distance.

The proposed article provides a model of the thermodynamic properties of coal matter and coal methane. It is shown that methane in the Karaganda coal basin is present mainly in the form of a solid solution. It is necessary to energetically influence the solid solution of coal methane itself and bring it to destruction with the release of methane. It was found that due to the greater number of gas molecules or more volatile substances, the activation energy, on the contrary, decreases. It is shown that the lower the Gibbs energy of the carbohydrate, the lower the activation energy for the decomposition of methane coal. It was found that the activation energy is numerically equal to the molar mass of coal, the expression for which has been recently obtained. The final conclusion is that in order to extract methane from unloaded coal seams, where methane is in a solid solution state, it is necessary to supply energy to the coal seam in order to heat this seam to a temperature of 35ºС, when the methane is free. According to Kazakh researchers, the most effective way to heat coal is a method based on the action of a high-voltage electromagnetic field on a coal seam.

Mankind will always need metallic minerals. Despite of reduction of specific consumption, of increase both volumes of their reuse, and increase in strength qualities and wear resistance, of addition to metal alloys of synthetic materials, and also of transition to artificial atomic assembly of the necessary chemical elements from natural rocks and their constituent minerals and synthesis of metals from ocean water, offshore placers and bottom deposits in the future, extraction of ore from massif of earth crust will be the basic source of supply of demanded minerals. Based on these immutable postulates, we have made a comprehensive analysis of the existing geochemical patterns, the accumulation of mineral matter suitable for use as minerals. The origin of the planets of the Solar system with the condensation of the gas-dust cloud, which, in turn, as a result of adiabatic compression turned into planets of the Earth type and the asteroid belt with meteorites, was the reason for the same distribution of chemical elements in the Sun, in meteorites and in the Earth crust. We considered the anthropogenic-technical possibilities of mankind on the maximum depth of development of the continental part of the Earth's crust, the minimum industrial content (which will change over time towards reduction), the amount of minerals according to the clark in that part of the continental Earth's crust which is possible for industrial use with the objective restrictions, we determined the reserves of the demanded chemical elements. Calculations show their sufficiency for many years to come, but it will be the reserves in the deposits of a new type, created by objective geochemical regularities acting in nature, but not considered at present. Particular attention should be paid to the analytical generalization of mineral content at the micro- and nanoscale, which are currently not defined, being unaccounted reserves within well above the clark content at the minimum industrial level. The use of clarks and other geochemical patterns in the Earth's crust will require the creation of new analytical capabilities in exploration, new technological solutions for the extraction and processing of minerals from deposits of a new type, which are briefly described in the paper and are the subject of a more detailed and evidence-based description in the development of this article.

Heavy metals are among the most toxic pollutants in the environment. This paper presents data on contaminated soils with heavy metals of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The ways of their solution are proposed and characterized. Soil contamination with heavy metals is one of the urgent problems of geoecology, they will be transferred to the soil around the storage facility and pose a great threat to the ecosystem, agricultural system and human health. Several methods are already being used to clean the environment of these types of pollutants, but most of them are expensive and far from their optimal performance. The use of plants for cleaning the environment became an effective and cost-effective method only after hyperaccumulative plants were discovered, capable of accumulating up to 5% of nickel, zinc or copper in their tissues in terms of dry weight, that is, tens of times more than ordinary plants. The article provides an overview of phytoremediation technology as an improved method of soil purification. Different types of plants are considered as hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulating plants are found in different families and each of them plays an important role in phytoremediation. Since each of them is unique in its own way and each has its own response to the presence of heavy metals in the soil. The increased interest in this new technology is also explained by the fact that plants are hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, with high efficiency can be used on large areas. This property increases the efficiency of this technology and increases the demand.

Industrial processing of technogenic raw materials (wastes of enrichment and processing, overburden and enclosing rocks, close in composition to natural and used in traditional areas, practically does not differ from industrial processing of natural mineral raw materials. Efficient technologies development for processing of technogenic raw materials, which make it possible to obtain competitive products from it for various industries, is urgent task. Article deals with development of solution compositions for strengthening and hardening quarry slopes. Rock mass hardening in weakened areas is achieved by loading substances into cracks of array, which after hardening and setting of rock, significantly increase its resistance to shear. Loading of reinforcing substance into bulk mass is carried out under pressure, and as hardening material, we consider cement resins, silicates and polymer resins. The most common among hardening methods was cementing of rocks, when working in aquifers rocks, strengthening of unstable and disturbed massifs. With help of strengthening, it is possible to slow down processes of weathering and shedding of rocks, to prevent collapse of ledges and shedding of rocks from slopes surface. Possibility of obtaining solutions for strengthening fractured rocks and building structures has been studied. Study results of wastes of the Akshatau Mining and Processing Plant are presented and possibility of using them for solutions to strengthen fractured rocks is confirmed. Loading of hardening composition into the array is carried out under pressure, and we consider cement solution, silicates and polymer resins as hardening material. The most widespread among hardening methods is cementation during mine workings (underground structures) in fractured rocks. Significance of obtained results for construction industry lies in expansion and reproduction of raw material base of building materials industry through use of MMC waste (concentration tailings) and development of resource-saving technologies.

One of the ways to optimize the quality of production of chromium raw materials is to introduce slags capable of forming a slow-melting silicate compound to improve technical and economic indicators. The reason for the choice of these components is that they are used to regulate the slag mode in the process of melting ferrochrome alloy. The article presents the results of thermodynamic changes in the use of free chromium slag in the high-temperature zone and easily melting aluminosilicate slags of various compositions. Thermodynamic modeling during the firing of chrome pellets was carried out using the “TERRA” software package. Full thermodynamic modeling was carried out on the basis of a multicomponent CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 system at a temperature range of 800-1800°C and at a pressure of 0.1 MPа. As initial data for determining the parameters of thermodynamic equilibrium for the actual compositions of the chromium pellet firing charges, the host rock of chromium ore (the host part of the rock) and fluxing additives (aluminosilicate material) with different ratios were used. It was found that with the following optimal content of the fluxing material: SiO2 50-55%; Al2O3 14-16%; CaO 12-14%; MgO 5-8%; FeO 5-8%, the sintering process of chrome pellets can be carried out at relatively low temperatures (1200-1300°C). As a result, phase compositions with low melting points (CaAl2Si2O8, CaMg (Si2O6), MgSiO3) were determined, where they can affect the technical and economic performance of the production of chrome pellets.

Niobium absorbs hydrogen well, which is accompanied by structural and phase changes in the metal. To study the phenomenon of "hydrogen embrittlement" in niobium, the work presents studies of the dilatation of samples of pure niobium and palladium-coated niobium foil at different pressures in a gaseous medium. Hydrogen dilatation measurements were carried out on a setup developed based on a Shimadzu AG 100kNx electromechanical testing machine. A series of experiments to study the deformation of niobium membranes was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, pure niobium samples were studied; at the second stage, niobium samples palliated on both sides were studied. An oxide film on the surface of niobium significantly reduces the rate of diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the bulk of the sample, which leads to the development of slow dilatation in niobium in a hydrogen atmosphere. The deposition of a catalytic palladium film on the niobium surface provides a hundreds-fold increase in the flow rate of hydrogen atoms into the sample volume. It has been proved that it is advantageous for hydrogen to occupy tetrahedral positions in the niobium lattice. To study the strain rate and detect points of phase transitions, isobars for niobium and tantalum were plotted. Based on the isobar analysis, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of Nb and Ta was calculated. A rearrangement of the crystal lattice of the base metal in the region of high temperatures, accompanied by a change in the symmetry of the structure of the substance, has been found.

The article discusses various types of methods for increasing the wear resistance and performance characteristics of wear-resistant chromium cast irons associated with the processes of influencing the structure of the crystallizing metal by out-of-furnace treatment of the melt with micro-ligating and modifying elements. Requirements are presented for the quality of these castings in terms of operational and service characteristics, which makes it necessary to improve their composition and production technology, since when operating wear-resistant chromium cast iron parts of machines operating under friction conditions, the main reason for their failure is wear. The analysis of works to improve the methods of refining and modification of wear-resistant chromium cast iron is carried out. The need for further work to improve the methods of obtaining wear-resistant chromium cast irons is shown. The work is aimed at finding technologies for controlling the processes of forming the necessary microstructure of alloys through the choice of the optimal composition, refining, modification, the rate of crystallization of the cast structure. It was revealed that to ensure the quality of the product, it is necessary to structurally control melts of chromium wear-resistant cast iron, which can be carried out by optimizing alloying, modifying, and developing rational technological processes. And this requires research on the selection and calculation of alloying and modifying elements, as well as optimization of the pouring temperature.