This work presents the results of studies of the structural-phase state of tantalum coatings obtained by magnetron deposition on substrates of titanium nickelide in the austenite-martensitic state. The temperature of the titanium nickelide substrates during the deposition of the coating did not exceed 100 ° C. The structural-phase state of the tantalum coatings was determined by X-ray diffraction at different stages of formation. It is shown that at the initial stage of deposition, two-phase coatings (α- and β-Ta) are formed. The synthesis of a Ta coating leads to an increase in the interplanar distance of the B2 austenite phase in the crystallographic direction (100). This is caused by the formation of microstresses upon interaction with incident Ta ions. The lattice parameters of the B19 'phase do not change during the deposition of a tantalum coating.

The Republic of Kazakhstan ranks first in the world in the extraction of natural uranium by underground borehole leaching. During drilling and construction of technological wells, drilling mud is formed, which is the main waste product of uranium mining enterprises. The issues of utilization of drilling mud, its secondary processing and possible use in various sectors of the national economy are relevant for the mining and oil-producing industries. A comprehensive study of soil samples and drilling cuttings of several uranium mining enterprises of JSC "NAC "Kazatomprom"was carried out. The results of radiological studies of drilling mud samples allow us to refer them to materials that can be used in road construction. Soil and drill cuttings have a similar component composition, the content of toxic metals in them is very small. Determination of the hazard class of drilling mud by the calculation method was carried out using the data of chemical and mineralogical analysis due to the fact that the main components of drilling mud are presented in its composition in a bound form, in the form of natural minerals. The calculated total hazard index makes it possible to assign the studied samples of drilling mud to hazard class 4 and 5 according to GOST 30774-2001. The results of the toxicological experiment on warm-blooded animals confirm the data of the calculation method. The DL50 parameter was higher than 5000 mg / kg, which refers all samples of soil and drilling mud to hazard class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76. A promising method of utilization of drilling cuttings is to use them as secondary raw materials for the manufacture of building materials, soil mixtures, materials for filling roads, which will reduce the volume of natural resources used in construction. We consider it appropriate to conduct further studies of drilling cuttings aimed at finding ways to dispose of them.

This article is dedicated to the identification of perspective areas for the disposal of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants, namely waste generated at the TPP-1 in Pavlodar. The composition of ash and slag waste was considered by methods of X-ray fluorescence and X-ray phase analysis in order to identify the most suitable area for their further use. Based on the data obtained, it was proposed to use waste for the extraction of precious metals, such as aluminum and iron, by alkaline leaching. The paper presents the results of selection of the most optimal conditions (temperature, alkali concentration, duration of the process) leaching of metals. It was found that the best conditions for the extraction of iron is the treatment of ash and slag waste in an alkaline environment of caustic soda with a concentration of 200 g / l at a temperature of 80 °C for 3-4 hours. To increase the degree of aluminum extraction, it is necessary to apply repeated treatment with an alkali solution, consisting in sequential treatment of ash and slag waste with fresh alkali solutions in 3 stages for one hour.

Based on reference thermodynamic data, a four - component titanium - zirconium - aluminum-silicon (Ti-Zr-Al-Si) system is constructed and its mathematical model of the phase structure is created. As a result, it was determined that it consists of 12 elementary tetrahedra. For each of the tetrahedra, analytical equations are defined, with the help of which it is possible to determine the location in the factor space of the general system of compositions of various metal melts with the calculation of their standard phase compositions. The sum of the relative volumes of elementary tetrahedra is equal to one (1.00000), which confirms the correctness of the tetrahedron. Quasi-volumes in the Ti-Zr-Al-Si system are established, which simulate the compositions of the metal products formed during the smelting of various ferrosilicocyrconium alloys during the reduction process . As a result, it turned out that the TsK-20 alloy is modeled by the TiAl3-Al-Zr5Si3-ZrAl3 tetrahedron, and the compositions of the FSTsr-45 alloy are decomposed in the TiAl3-Zr3Al2-TiAl - Zr5Si3 tetrahedron, respectively.

The paper presents the results of thermodynamic modeling of the process of smelting a complex alloy from highly active elements Al-Mn-Ca-Si. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out using the universal program for calculating multicomponent heterogeneous systems Terra, which has its own base of thermodynamic properties of individual substances. Since the preliminary calculation based on the standard database showed that the composition of the products differed from the expected one, we took the missing thermodynamic functions of substances from the HSC Chemistry 5.1 database. Initial conditions for modeling alloy melting: temperature range 700 - 2800°C, pressure 0.1 MPa. The initial charge mixture consisted of coal from the Saryadyr deposit, manganese ore from the Yesymzhal deposit, and lime. According to the results of thermodynamic modeling, it was found that the optimal metal yield is achieved in the temperature range of 1400-2000 ° C, and for the efficiency of refining steel from non-metallic inclusions, the most acceptable composition of a complex alloy containing 20-50% silicon, 9.27% aluminum, 12-45 % manganese, 3-20% calcium, 0.01-0.5% phosphorus, 0.05-1.5% carbon and 5-20% iron.

Based on the metallographic studies of the undercarriage wheels, which are operated within different periods of time and have different types and degrees of wear, it can be concluded that steel with the chemical composition close to the eutectoid one, with the equilibrium crystal lattice, should be used for manufacturing. The microstructure of the working surfaces of the wheels should be fine pearlite, ideally sorbitol (fine type of pearlite). These requirements are met by steel billets made of structural alloy steel 65G. This steel is the preferred material for the manufacture of running wheels of overhead cranes. These materials have stable mechanical characteristics and wear resistance, allow getting a stable and predictable result during heat treatment. In other words, the carried out tests showed that the wheels made of steel forgings, stamping or hot-rolled wheels made of steel grade 65G in their performance, wear resistance and durability are many times superior to the wheels made of cast billets. Given that forged or stamped billets provide higher reliability of the wheel structure (less prone to cracking and sudden destruction during production and operation), and more than twice reduce the wear of the material of the crane runway (rail).

This article presents the results of numerical simulation that evaluates the influence of the spray angle of gasoline (С6Н6) in the combustion chamber on the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber and the formation of carbon dioxide concentration. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of initial parameters on the process of liquid fuel combustion using numerical simulation based on the solution of two-dimensional differential equations of turbulent reacting flow. The studies were carried out at spray angle of 20-160 using the KIVA-II software package. Analyzing the results of the study, the value of the effective spray angle for gasoline combustion was determined. At an effective spray angle of 60, the temperature in the chamber rises to 2467 K, in which case the concentration of carbon dioxide acquires a relatively small value.

The transport and geographical position determines the position of the region in relation to transport networks, transport sites and flows. It is one of the main types of economic and geographical conditions, which are divided according to the elements of production. The article analyzes the transport and geographical situation of Akmola region, one of the main grain-growing and market-producing regions of Kazakhstan and an important link in ensuring the food zone of the capital. The effectiveness of the economic and geographical location of the study area, its status as a suburb, its location at the intersection of important railways and highways provides a high transport potential for the region. The region has the highest density of railway routes in the country. In addition, the level of coverage of the road network was analyzed, which is important for the region in the production and processing of agricultural products and their delivery to places of storage, consumption, transportation of goods and passengers in the agro-industrial complex. The indicators characterizing the roads also allow us to conclude that the level of coverage of the road network in the region is higher than the national average.

An effective diversion technique is a crucial component in all acid stimulation jobs, which allows us to achieve full zonal coverage and thereby achieve the treatment objectives. In the process of acidizing heterogeneous formations, it is necessary to change the direction of the fluid to the target interval, i.e., the interval with low permeability, to ensure an even distribution of pumped fluids throughout the formation. This is because in heterogeneous formations, due to the different permeability of the layers, highly permeable wormholes can be treated with acid, and wormholes with low permeability can remain untreated. The article describes the technological features of methods of flow-diverting agents (diversion methods) used to change the flow distribution to prevent this problem, i.e. methods of optimal acid placement. In the article, one of the mechanical methods of flow-diverting agents, the Coil tubing technology, is considered and its effectiveness is determined by conducting quantitative experimental studies.

This paper discusses the environmental problems of the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways to solve them on the territory of test sites. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of radioactive waste from the "Azgyr and Naryn" landfill on the ecological situation in the regions. Because of the rapid development of the oil and gas industry, spacecraft launches, the environment of these regions was contaminated with decay products of various types of rocket fuel, nitrogenous compounds, heavy metals and other toxic substances. The article provides a theoretical analysis of statistical data on the assessment of the environmental situation in the surrounding areas in relation to the "Azgyr and Naryn" landfill. Thus, in the regions adjacent to the landfill, during the analyzed period, indicators were found that differ from the national average or control values, which in turn indicates the adverse impact on the environment and human health of radioactive emissions from the landfill and emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and hydrocarbons. The ecological consequences of a catastrophe are predetermined not only by the magnitude and nature of pollution, but also by the specific features of the polluted ecosystems themselves, considered as an object of external influence and requiring, taking into account these circumstances, special systematization. The prospects for resolving environmental problems depend not so much on the level of development of science and technology, but on the general ecological culture of the population, on the understanding of the sources, essence and ways of solving the current ecological crisis situation. Therefore, ecological education is considered as the basis for the formation of an ecological culture, an ecophilic attitude towards nature.