Copper nanoparticles are gaining more and more attention of researchers due to their properties such as high electrical conductivity, well-defined catalytic and antimicrobial effects, etc. The range of their application is extensive – scientific research, medicine, microelectronics and much more. To date, various methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles have been developed and successfully applied, in particular chemical, electrochemical, sonochemical, etc. But a significant drawback of such methods is the unsatisfactory purity of the resulting nanomaterial. In this work, a combined high-frequency discharge with an additional constant voltage (HF/DC) was used to obtain Cu particles. A technique for producing nanometer-sized copper particles was developed and studied, and as further analysis using a scanning electron microscope showed, the particles have a spherical shape with diameters ranging from 60 nm to 300 nm.

The article deals with the problem of succession in the study of the topic "Function" between school and university mathematics courses and presents analysis and interpretation of the main results of this test study. The problem of continuity in teaching mathematics is connected with the tasks of implementing intra-subject and meta-subject connections, with the sequence of presentation of educational material, the levels of increasing its complexity, with the search for optimal forms and methods of organizing the process of teaching mathematics at different educational stages. In this regard, the article deals with the problem of continuity in the study of the topic "Function" between the school and university courses of mathematics, presents an analysis and interpretation of the main results of the knowledge and skills of first-year students in three different streams with the Russian language of instruction.

To date, the most effective way to solve the problems of organizing access to distributed information resources is to organize information about them in information systems, denounced in the form of electronic libraries. The article describes the search for terms in the thesaurus and the algorithm for constructing a term tree based on abstract access to the thesaurus, organized in accordance with the Zthes profile of the Z39.50 protocol

Kazakhstan’s economy today is significantly dependent on entrepreneurs engaged in trade. The efficiency of the country's trade enterprises is one of the main pillars of economic growth, since retail involves the employment of a wide range of employees, as well as the development of related enterprises working in the field of logistics, transport services, financial services, construction, and design. Thus, this article aims to consider modern innovative solutions in the field of big data and blockchain technologies to increase the competitiveness of retail companies. In order to be competitive, organizations need to take into account not only economic, but also technical innovations in the market. we live in the era of technology. In this article, we will consider the main criteria for financial growth and demand, as well as the nature of competition in the retail sector, we will analyze the market and its segment. In this article, we will consider the need for Blockchain and Big Data technologies in the field of trade, to increase sales, improve statistics and general indicators. Consider the factors of competitiveness of companies on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and therefore the need for these technologies in modern realities. In this article, we will proceed from the definition that competitiveness is the ability of an object to meet the needs of consumers more efficiently than competitors, using the advantages it has created.

With the rapid development of the Internet, web applications are becoming more and more popular. Many people, groups, organizations, or governments use web applications as a means to share information or support business tasks. With the growing number of threats and attacks on web applications, organizations need a more effective concept of web application security. The article is devoted to the security of web applications and methods of ensuring security on a three-level data protection architecture. A three-level architecture is an architectural model of a software package that assumes that it has three components: a client, an application server, and a database server. Web application security is about protecting the privacy, integrity, and availability of an organization's web resources, as well as its reputation. It also includes policies, procedures, laws, people, and practices. Security, like other components of a web application, is best managed if it is planned at the initial stage of application development. The article also describes the methods of ensuring security. These methods will help security professionals develop security policies, conduct risk assessments, and eliminate potential risks in a cost-effective way.

Tien-Shan seismogen (TSS) is the modern mobile macro-fissure structural heterogeneity of lithosphere within which geodynamical processes occur accompanying intensive tectonic movements in earth’s crust and seismic phenomena [10]. The TSS is distinguished as a whole structural formation in the area of the joint structure of the Urals and Western Siberia with the structures of Central Asia by means of a complex of interpretation and analysis of a whole range of materials: geological, geophysical, etc. [1]. In order to study the current geodynamics of the structural irregularities of the Earth’s crust in the territory of North Tien Shan, which is the most seismically active in Central Asia, comprehensive geophysical studies are being conducted. Monitoring consists of three permanent observation points with a 24-hour programme. Those points are situated on seismic active part of Northern Tien-Shan. Kurty point is located in flat part of monitoring area (area with weak seismicity of the earth’s crust) and other points, Turgen and Medeo are located in seismic active part of Tien-Shan. Strainmeters are oriented in the North-South and East-West directions. Based on the experimental data obtained at Kurty, Medeo and Turgen points the bank of data was created. It contains hourly, daily, monthly and annual average values of deformations calculated by directions C-Y and B-3, as well as their modules. In this paper, the link between the deformation of rocks and atmospheric processes (the link between rock deformation and concentration density of electrons in ionospheric layers) are researched. According to trends, electron concentration in E layer increases but in higher layers decreases. Rock deformation in Medeo and Turgen area changes synchronously with the dynamics of the electron concentration in E layer and in Kurty area is antiphase. As a result, it is possible to trace the dependencies and links between the deformation of rocks and the geophysical and fluid processes of the Earth's crust, which, after analyzing and interpreting the data obtained experimentally, can be traced.

The relevance of protection of fresh water resources as a global all-planetary problem is proved. Examples of catastrophic consequences of breaks of water in the course of mining are given. The solutions of a task of protection of water objects at development of mineral resources of Earth directed to prevention of breaks of water from superficial and underground sources and providing ecological balance of the earth's surface around conducting mining operations are presented.

To select an optimal and environmentally friendly technology for oil and gas development, it is necessary to estimate in advance the likely disfigurement processes of the surface terrain. To this end, it is recommended to develop predictive geodynamic models prior to start of field development, taking into consideration the geological characteristics and tectonic activity of the area under investigation, as well as the specific features of the reservoir. Research methods. In this paper, two models of subsidence of the ground surface in a hydrocarbon field are considered: a parametric spatial model developed at Delft University of Technology and a model based on the Knoté influence function developed at the Canadian Center for Geodetic Engineering. The first method is more suitable for describing a smooth and gradual subsidence in deep gas reservoirs and allows you to assess the spatial-temporal pattern of movement of the ground surface. In the second method, geodynamic processes are modeled based on the functional relationship between reservoir compaction and subsidence of the day surface, taking into account the location of the oil reservoir, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, changes in reservoir pressure and the results of surface disfigurement monitoring and is recommended for oil fields. Research results. A comparative analysis of these methods is carried out on the example of the Tengiz oil and gas field in Western Kazakhstan. An evaluation of the developed model accuracy is carried out by comparing the calculated values ​​of soil subsidence with the data of radar interferometry, and estimates obtained by other researchers. Recommendations are given on the application of the considered methods in the generation of predictive models of oil and gas fields, the necessity of calculating the transfer coefficient of the reservoir compaction to the position of the day surface, taking into account the depth of the reservoir and the physical and mechanical properties of the rock massif, is indicated.

Sulfide ores play an extremely important role in the development of the mineral resource base of Russia, as a source of rare, non-ferrous, and precious metals. However, the development of sulfide ore deposits is associated with the risk of sulfide dust explosions, the development of oxidative processes that lead to spontaneous combustion of ores. The article substantiates the urgency of solving the problem of reducing the risks of sulfide dust explosions, taking into account changes in the mineral balance of gold-sulfide deposits. To improve the safety of the development of sulfide-containing deposits, the authors developed new methodological approaches to the assessment of the explosion hazard of sulfide dust, based on the integration of model, laboratory and field experiments with a comprehensive analysis of the results. The developed methodology for studying the main factors of dust and explosion safety is an integral part of the industrial safety system, as it provides the possibility of forecasting, evaluating, and promptly determining the state of potential sources of fire and explosion hazard in the development of pyrite deposits.

Molars of the southern elephant Archidiskodon meridionalis gromovi were found in alluvial deposits near Uralsk (West Kazakhstan region, Republic of Kazakhstan). In this work, were applied generally accepted paleontological methods of field and cameral research: standard methods of working with paleontological material for extraction of samples from the host rock; morphometrically morphological analysis of fossil remains in the species diagnosis. Have been studied a series of teeth of M3/m3 shifts of chronologically successive subspecies of Archidiskodon meridionalis from paleopleistocene (middle villafrancian) localities in Western Kazakhstan. Analysis of the characteristics of teeth (frequency of plates, length of one plate, number of plates, enamel thickness, hypsodont index, crown proportion index) showed that the studied indicators are close to those characteristic of Archidiskodon [Elaphas] meridionalis gromovi. For the studied tooth changes, the parameter of the length of one plate turned out to be very diagnostic. The limits of variation in the size of the crown of teeth in different subspecies largely coincide.