In this article, research is aimed at studying the quality and safety of non-traditional raw materials for the production of ethyl alcohol. Solving problems related to the environmental situation, and the final product, the cost and quality of which fully meets the requirements of consumers and determines its competitiveness, are essential criteria for the successful operation of the enterprise in a tough market competition. Assessment of the situation in the alcohol industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan shows that the main raw materials in the production of ethanol are various types of grain crops, the leading place is given to wheat and rye. Grain resources are widely used multifunctional raw materials, which leads to competition with other consumers, as a result of which distilleries may experience difficulties in supplying raw materials. In General, the alcohol industry is characterized by low profitability, significant energy and material consumption, and serious dependence on raw materials. This fact confirms the prospects for expanding the raw material base of the industry by involving non-traditional types of raw materials in production, which makes it possible to level the risks when purchasing raw materials.

This study presents the results of the selection of the most technologically and cost-effective compositions of wear-resistant Fe-C alloys for parts of industrial equipment and their production technologies. The article also considers the main types of existing wear-resistant steels and cast irons, shows their compositions and properties, describes the main advantages and disadvantages. From the point of view of economic benefits and simplicity of technology, one of the most effective for casting parts subjected to intense impact and abrasion is half nodular cast iron obtained as a result of low alloying with chromium and subsequent modification with a magnesium-containing additive. The main advantage of this alloy, which determines its high wear resistance, is that in this case, in the structure of the outer surface layer of the casting, carbon is in the form of finely dispersed carbide inclusions doped with chromium and manganese, which ensures high hardness and resistance to abrasive wear, and in the inner deep layers Castings carbon is in the form of spheroidal and vermicular graphite - this provides an increased impact toughness of the alloy.

This paper shows the applicability of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient for calculating the features of the crystallization fields of the Cr-Fe binary system. To determine the applicability of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim osmotic coefficient, the dissolution heats and activity coefficients of chromium and iron in a Cr-Fe melt with an atomic content of chromium in the range of 0-100% were calculated on the basis of the Cr-Fe system state diagram, in addition to the previously performed calculations, at temperatures from 2103 K to 1780 K (on the chromium side) and from 1812 K to 1780 K (on the iron side). The calculation predicts positive deviations of the Cr-Fe system from Raoul's law, as well as in the case of the osmotic coefficient, which confirms the reliability and adequacy of the approach from the perspective of the Bjerrum-Guggenheim concept when extracting information from state diagrams. It should be noted that calculations based on regular solutions can mainly be used for systems that do not form a series of solid solutions, which is also one of the disadvantages of this method.

Nanoporous membranes based on metal oxides are widely used for the formation of nanostructured materials, since it is possible to create materials with predetermined structural properties. In this research work, the structural features of nanoporous membranes based on titanium and aluminum oxides, which are combined by the production process, but differ in the growth of pores and their structure. Membranes based on metal oxides were synthesized at a voltage of U=80-140V, at room temperature T=17°C, in an acidic environment. The structural features of the synthesized membranes were studied using Quanta 200i 3D scanning electron microscopy (FEI). It was found that titanium dioxide films have a narrow pore distribution, the sizes of which are in the range of 40-115 nm. Structural differences between titanium oxide and aluminum oxide nanomembranes make it possible to be widely used in the field of nanotechnology and materials science.

Thermo-sensitive water-soluble copolymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and methacrylic acid (MАAc) synthesized by solution polymerization technique with different monomer ratios and azo-bis-isobutyronitrile as an initiator. In order to characterize this synthesized copolymer, an analysis was carried out using various modern research methods. The structure, composition of water-soluble copolymers and homopolymer were studied by FTIR. The thermal properties of the thermosensitive copolymer were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning colorimetric (DSC) methods. In the thermogravimetric analysis, it was found that the mass loss of the copolymer occurs in two stages and the maximum decomposition temperature (PDTmax). The glass temperature of the NIPAAm-MAK copolymer was determined by the DSC method. The surface morphology of copolymer was analyzed using an optical microscope.

Microstructure and element composition of the sample having the multilayer reactive diffusion zone (RDZ) in Al-Co system obtained by means of contact smelting at 1375 °C for 1 hour were studied in cross-section by means of scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (SEM-EPMA). In the multilayer RDZ the following intermetallic compounds CoAl3, Co2Al5, CoAl, β' + (αСо), as well as solid solution of CoAl in (αСо) were identified using the spot energy-dispersion analysis (EDS). Using the methods of linear EDS and wave-dispersion (WDS) analyses the profiles of element concentrations were obtained. These concentration profiles indicate that CoAl3, Co2Al5, CoAl and β' + (αСо) are able to form solid solutions in each other. Microstructural peculiarities of RDZ forming in the layers CoAl3, Co2Al5, CoAl and β' + (αСо) can simulate the actual structural pattern of Al-Co alloys (as-cast).

The article is devoted to the development of a generalized cluster-associated model of the dynamic viscosity of a lead-tin alloy based on the concept of chaotic particles and its relationship with the Frenkel-Andrade viscosity model. In addition to its practical importance, the study of the viscosity of melts of inorganic compounds is also of great scientific interest, since viscosity is the most structurally sensitive characteristic of a substance, which gives an idea of the forces of intermolecular interaction and the mechanism of molecular transport processes in liquids. The accumulation of knowledge in this field allows us to solve many questions related to the theory of the liquid state. The experimental data on the viscosity of melts of inorganic compounds is rather limited, which is explained by the serious difficulties associated with conducting relevant studies. Therefore, it is proposed to use a cluster-associated model for the study of viscosity, which significantly approaches the solution of many problems related to the theory of fluid. The Frenkel-Andrade viscosity model allows us to estimate the yield activation energy. Calculations show that when comparing this energy with the degree of cluster association obtained in the framework of the cluster-association model, a fairly close linear correlation is observed. In this case, the proportionality coefficient makes sense of the activation energy per cluster. This energy does not go beyond the van der Waals energy of the unsaturated intermolecular bond characteristic of the interaction of particles in a liquid.

This scientific work presents the results of a study of the structural features of membranes based on nanoporous alumina using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The capabilities of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), in particular atomic force microscopy, are widely known, but with regard to dielectric materials, the capabilities and advantages of AFM are increasing. The capabilities of AMS with respect to the surface of various nanostructured materials are primarily related to its resolving capabilities. The resolving power of AFM is primarily associated with cantilevers, which are used for surface scanning. In the case of studying the surface of membranes based on nanoporous alumina, the possibilities of AFM and the use of its various techniques are shown. Atomic force microscopy is used to study the surface of various dielectric solid and polymer samples. It is only necessary to select the required AFM technique for surface investigation. You also need to pay attention to the probes that are used for scanning.

This scientific article presents the work on the determination of the moisture content of theoilsand deposits of the Munaili-Mola, Beke, and Dongelek-sor fields were studied. To perform the obtained work, oilsands of Atyrau, Mangistau and Aqtobe regions of Western part of Kazakhstan were used as the object of research. Determination of the moisture content of oil sands were carried out using a drying furnace. Moisture of the oil sands were compared at 106 0C and 150 0C, then dried for 90 minutes. As a result, the indicators for determining the humidity of these oil raw materials at a temperature of 150 0C were higher than the indicators of the corresponding samples at 106 0C. In the process of processing petroleum bituminous rocks by pyrolysis, the amount of moisture contained in it condenses together with evaporated hydrocarbon fractions and completely merges into the collected liquid product, increasing the amount of water in the composition. This is why it is necessary to determine the moisture content of this raw material.

A boundary value problem is considered for the equations of heat and mass transfer when one of the boundary conditions contains normal derivatives of the third order, to which a certain problem of heat and mass transfer in drying processes is reduced. The solution of the boundary value problem is sought in the form of the thermal potential of a double layer. A lemma on finding the limits of the third order normal derivatives is given. Using the boundary conditions, a system of the integro-differential equations (SIDE) with various heat conduction operators is obtained. A characteristic part of SIDE is solved by the method of integrated transformations of Fourier-Laplace when performing a condition of solvability. By the method of regularization of SIDE it is reduced to the system of the integrated equations of Volterra-Fredholm. A theorem of solvability of a boundary value problem is given under the condition of solvability of the heat and mass transfer equations with normal derivatives in the boundary conditions.