Urbanism principles in the context of the UK have significantly changed its urban public realm since the 1980s to shape a “world-class” public realm by welcoming high-income groups. However, there are still limited investigations into the performative role of the public realm. Therefore, the research aims to ask what the social impact of the equitable public realm is for every citizen. These findings will be archived through morphological mappings, observation, and photographing. While the research confirms that “world-class” public realms in cities are rather exclusive than inclusive, there is a framework for potential urban transformations. © 2023 Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Vostoksibacademcenter. All rights reserved.

This work presents a novel, cost-effective method for synthesizing AlxGa1−xAs nanowhiskers on a GaAs surface by electrochemical deposition. The process begins with structuring the GaAs surface by electrochemical etching, forming a branched nanowhisker system. Despite the close resemblance of the crystal lattices of AlAs, GaAs, and AlxGa1−xAs, our study highlights the formation of nanowhiskers instead of layer-by-layer film growth. X-ray diffraction analysis and photoluminescence spectrum evaluations confirm the synthesized structure’s crystallinity, uniformity, and bandgap characteristics. The unique morphology of the nanowhiskers offers promising implications for solar cell applications because of the increased light absorption potential and reduced surface recombination energy losses. We conclude by emphasizing the need for further studies on the growth mechanisms of AlxGa1−xAs nanowhiskers, adjustments of the “x” parameter during electrochemical deposition, and detailed light absorption properties of the formed compounds. This research contributes to the field of wideband materials, particularly for solar energy applications, highlighting the potential of electrochemical deposition as a flexible and economical fabrication method. © 2023 by the authors.

Global and regional climate change and their water-related impacts are a key component in future development scenarios to guide sustainable water management. Climatic changes may lead to an undesirable redistribution of water supplies and potentially harmful extremities in river flows throughout the year. If we add to this the uneven spatial distribution of water resources in Kazakhstan, the importance of assessment of the intra-annual distribution of river flows under historical and present climatic conditions becomes evident. The presented scientific study analyzes decadal regional trends from 1985 to 2022 in the intra-annual distribution of river runoff in selected catchments in Kazakhstan, including Buktyrma River, Zhabay River, and Ulken-Kobda River. The river basins were selected to cover diverse regions in terms of geographical features and hydrological conditions, significantly affected by climate change. We applied statistical analysis methods using multiyear values of mean monthly and mean annual river flows, mean monthly air temperatures, and mean monthly precipitation. To analyze the intra-annual distribution of annual river flow in the context of climate change, a computational method was used, in which the actual current river flow (modern river flow taking into account non-stationarity of climatic changes) was compared with the conditionally natural flow obtained by modeling and corresponding to the natural regime of the river. The long-term dynamics of flow-forming factors and runoff parameters with regard to phases of different water content (25%, 50%, and 75%) were considered. Statistical analysis of seasonal changes in water content of modeled and actual river flow, taking into account climatic non-stationarity, allowed us to identify significant trends of flow redistribution within the year: indicating a decrease in the volume of spring floods, an increase in winter flow and increase in seasonal variability, especially for the Ulken Kobda River. It appears that atmospheric circulation significantly affects annual and seasonal variations of water availability. The shift in western circulation type (W) contributes to increased average annual river flow, while the shift in eastern circulation type (E) is associated with amplification of extreme flood-type events. The results obtained are important for adapting sustainable water management practices under a changing climate, helping to anticipate the availability of water resources and allowing pro-active measures to mitigate hydrological extremes. © 2025 by the authors.

The key problem of using lithium-containing ceramics as materials of breeders for the propagation of tritium in thermonuclear reactors is phase stability, as well as the preservation of strength and thermophysical parameters of ceramics during their operation, which is accompanied by the accumulation of fission products in the near-surface layers, alongside mechanical influences from the outside. Moreover, in contrast to other types of ceramics, the presence of lithium in the composition of the samples under study leads to limitations in the use of classical analysis methods (scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis or optical spectroscopy) of structural changes caused by the accumulation of radiation damage, which requires the use of more complex methods for the assessment of the defect concentration in the structure, as well as establishing their relationship with the deterioration of strength and thermophysical parameters, playing a key role in determining the stability mechanisms and further exploitation of ceramics for tritium production. In this regard, the aim of the study is to determine the kinetics of changes in the near-surface layer of two-phase Li4SiO4 – Li2TiO3 ceramics associated with the accumulation of structural distortions caused by irradiation, as well as their relationship with strain embrittlement and disorder. During the studies, it was found that the accumulation of implanted hydrogen in the near-surface layer under high-dose irradiation initiates deformation distortion processes, the intensity of which depends on the ratio of components in the ceramics, according to which the optimal compositions of two-phase ceramics are ratios of components from 0.3 to 0.6. Determination of the type of defects in the composition of the damaged layer, as well as their concentration, was carried out using the electron spin resonance (ESP) method. During the studies, it was found that at low irradiation fluences, the dominant role in the accumulation of structural defects is played by vacancy defects associated with E′-centers, the formation of which is associated with structural distortions, while as the fluence grows, the structure is dominated by deformation disordering caused by the accumulation of Ti3+ defects and HC2 centers (SiO4 3-), the concentrations of which have a clear dependence on the phase composition of the ceramics. © 2024 The Authors

Microfinance is seen as an important vehicle for developing small businesses in developing and transitional economies despite the relative absence of supporting research. We use mixed methods to offer a nuanced empirical exploration of the relationship between microfinance and everyday entrepreneurial practice(s) in Kazakhstan. As in many transitional contexts, ‘unbankable’ borrowers here operate in a vibrant informal sector, face high degrees of uncertainty, and retain a strong distrust of a corrupt/predatory state. Our data-based methodology for analysing borrowers’ diverse relationships with microfinance organisations (MFOs) generates insights into their multiple pathways to business development. Both ‘outreac\h’ and ‘commercialised’ MFOs sustain micro-flows of resources that are critical for everyday entrepreneurs who need to finance ongoing consumption and contingencies whilst also (and by) building up their small businesses. Microfinance use did not promote formalisation or impersonalised banking relationships. Instead, MFOs focused primarily on repayment, clients’ businesses remained partially formalised or unregistered across all stages of growth and the lending relationships preferred by Private MFOs and borrowers were highly personalised. Consequently, we call for assumptions about how microfinance can (and should) drive small business development need to be rethought for transitional contexts. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

In this study, solar thermal desalination methods were developed to enhance the day to day efficiency of solar distillers by improving their portability and water purification properties. The performance of solar stills is highly contingent on environmental factors, making it essential to address these variables. To achieve this, a double-slope single basin solar distiller (DSBD) was upgraded by incorporating a partially coated absorber plate with ZnO/PVC/Bioactive nanocomposite (ZPBN), which was subsequently examined for its impact on drinking water production from multiple perspectives, including energy, exergy, environmental, and economic considerations. The ZPBN material was synthesized using the solvent casting technique, and its properties were comprehensively characterized through various analytical methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a regular crystalline lattice structure amidst an amorphous background, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed its surface performance. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles within the PVC and bioactive matrix imparted enhanced thermal characteristics to the DSBD, including higher temperatures, specific heats, and thermal stability compared to the ZPBN. The study demonstrated that the introduction of ZPBN significantly increased drinking water yield by up to 126% due to its enhanced absorption of solar energy. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the DSBD improved by 0.44%, while its exergy efficiency decreased by 0.25% when compared to a conventional double slope single basin solar distiller (CDSBD) under the tropical climate conditions of Vijayawada, India. In terms of energy matrices, the ZPBN-coated basin area exhibited minimum and maximum energy payback times of 6.55 years and 0.15 years, respectively. Over its lifetime, the DSBD was found to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 2.97 tonnes and offered the lowest cost per litre, amounting to $0.0360. The incorporation of ZPBN on the absorber plate within the DSBD resulted in excellent environmental and energy economies, with values of 4.640 kWh/$ and $83.210, respectively.

проект утвержден ученным советом университета для реализации в рамках грантового финансирования по "25 инженерных проектов"

Ұсынылып отырған оқу құралы – техникалық, технологиялық, педагогикалық және экономикалық жоғары оқу орындарында оқылатын ықтималдықтар теориясы және математикалық статистика курсының типтік оқу бағдарламаларына сәйкес жазылған. Әрбір дәрісте теориялық мағлұматтар дәлелдеуімен, формулалары келтіріліп шығарылып берілген, есептерді шығару үлгісі және өзіндік жұмыс тапсырмалары ұсынылған. Оқу құралы оқытудың кредиттік технологиясы талаптарына сай жазылған. Оны жоғарыда аталған амандықтардың студенттері мен оқытушылары пайдалануына болады.

В учебное пособие изложены теоретические основы экономики предприятия. Значительное место уделено производственным, трудовым ресурсам, основным и оборотным средствам, заработной плате предприятий. В учебном пособии рассматривается современный механизм, обеспечивающий жизнедеятельность предприятия в условиях рынка и конкуренции, изучение которого поможет решать текущие и стратегические хозяйственные задачи неизбежно возникающие не только в работе экономистов, но и других специалистов производственного сектора. Рассмотрена специфика себестоимости продукции, прибыли, рентабельности, планирования предприятий Уделено большое внимание государственному регулированию экономических отношений и его правовым основам, финансированию и инвестированию предприятий, генообразованию, налогообложению и экономической эффективности работ на предприятии. Учебное пособие по курсу «Экономика предприятия» предназначен для студентов, магистрантов интересующихся проблемами развития экономики производства продукции, оказания услуг и работ для различных отраслей промышленности.

"Электр энергетика жүйелерінің сенімділігі" пәніне арналған оқу құралында қарастырылған мәселелер: ықтималдылық теориясынан және математикалық статистикадан қысқаша мағлұматтар; сенімділік теориясында кездесетін негізгі терминдер мен анықтамалар; қалыпқа келтірілмейтін және қалыпқа келтірілетін жүйелердің сенімділік көрсеткіштері; күрделі жүйелердің сенімділігін есептеу тәсілдері; сенімділік сынақтарының түрлері, сынақ жоспарлары және жүйелерді сенімділік сынақтарынан өткізу; эсплуатациялық сенімділіктің негізгі мәселелері. Сонымен қатар, оқу құралында теориялық материалдарды пысықтауға арналған практикалық жаттығулар мен статистикалық өңдеу жұмыстарын орындауға арналған тапсырмалар қарастырылған. Оқу құралы электр энергетика мамандығы бойынша оқитын студенттер мен магистранттарға арналған. Сонымен қатар, оқу құралы сенімділік мәселелерімен айналысып жүрген басқа да мамандықтардың студенттері мен магистранттарының білімдерін жетілдіруге ықпал етеді.