When carrying out geological exploration work, one of the primary tasks is energy supply. The energy supply system consists of many elements that ensure the production, transportation and conversion of energy. The specificity of geological exploration works is distinguished by its complexity associated with remoteness from the main energy systems, severe climatic conditions, and geolocation variability. In such conditions, the task of using alternative energy sources becomes relevant. One option is to use wind turbines. The development of wind turbines for geological exploration facilities is based on chaotic engineering solutions, which confirms the fact that there is no science-based methodology for the development of modern wind turbines. The article reveals the methodological foundations for the application of wind turbines in geological research. The specifics of geological exploration work are such that even a slight interruption in the power supply leads to downtime of the main technological equipment. Based on this, when developing large mineral deposits, it is advisable to use combined energy supply systems, including both traditional sources of energy supply and alternative sources as backup power supply systems. In the paper, based on the analysis of existing systems of alternative energy supply, a certain methodology has been developed that allows the most efficient and reasonable selection of one or another version of wind turbines. © National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2022.

During a polymer flood, the field operator must be convinced that significant chemical investment is not compromised at the early stages of polymer injection. Further, dissolved oxygen in the viscous polymer solution must be controlled at a safe level, where viscosity loss will be insignificant. Under anaerobic conditions, the hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution is stable even if iron ions are present in the process water. Thus, in the field operation, introduced oxygen and existing iron ions will cause an enormous viscosity decline. The geochemical calculation reveals that dissolved oxygen can rapidly deplete after entering Kalamkas formation. This paper confirms this prediction through a combination of laboratory measurements and field observations. This study is based on rheology measurements of polymer solutions and produced fluid from the offset production well associated with the Kalamkas oilfield in Western Kazakhstan. Comprehensive analysis confirms no viscosity loss at the surface facilities during polymer preparation and injection at a Polymer Slicing Unit and significant viscosity loss at an Eductor-type unit caused by oxygen introduced during polymer solution preparation. However, even introduced high dissolved oxygen levels that degrade polymer at the surface can be rapidly depleted during contact with the formation, thereby promoting polymer chemical stability in the reservoir. © 2022 The Authors.

This paper explores the influence of the angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade profile. The paper presents calculations, modeling and graphical representation of the blade shape during rotation around the axis. Using the given parameters, such as the length of the blade, the radius of the upper and lower boundaries, as well as the angle of inclination of the blade, the calculation of the coordinates of the points of the blade profile for various angles of rotation is given. The cross-sectional area, volume and mass of the blade were also calculated. Appropriate calculations were made to approximate the center of mass of the blade. To evaluate the influence of the angle of attack on the blade profile, the angles of attack were calculated for various angles of rotation. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023.

Urban environments worldwide face toxic heavy metal pollution originating from industrial discharge, municipal waste disposal, vehicular emissions, and atmospheric deposition. Kazakhstan, experiencing accelerated economic growth and extensive mining activities, contends with widespread heavy metal contamination in its soil-plant-air-water ecosystems. This study explores the potential of hyperaccumulating plants for phytoremediation in urban soils of Kazakhstan contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Co. Twelve plant species, including Korean Mint (Lamiaceae), Ornamental Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum), Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Amaranth (Amaranthus Perfect and Amaranthus Emerald), Fescue (Festuca glauca), Burning Bush (Kochia scoparia), Marigold (Tagetes patula nana), White Cabbage (Brassica-Cavolo cappuccino BIANKO), Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius), and Rapeseed (Brassica napus), were evaluated for growth and biomass production in urban soils spiked with two maximum permissible addition (MPA) treatments of Pb, Co, and Cd. The selected plants demonstrated varied responses to heavy metal stress, with Marigold (8.4 g shoot biomass/plant), Korean mint (10.5 g shoot biomass/plant), Rapeseed (19.9 g/shoot biomass), and Tepary bean (25.9 g shoot biomass/plant) exhibiting resilience or tolerance to Pb, Co, and Cd stresses. The results highlight the significant potential of these plants for efficient phytoremediation, showcasing their unique abilities to absorb and accumulate specific metals. Marigold, particularly, displayed noteworthy Pb accumulation (40.3 mg/kg biomass), resulting in reduced residual Pb concentrations in the soil (74.7 mg/kg). Conversely, White cabbage and Amaranth showed limited efficiency in Cd extraction, while Rapeseed and Tepary bean emerged as promising candidates for Cd phytoremediation. This study emphasizes the critical role of tailored plant species selection in designing effective phytoremediation strategies for specific metal-contaminated urban sites. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of metal accumulation and residual concentrations is crucial for the development of sustainable and efficient environmental remediation approaches. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of different plant species on soil metal concentrations, refining and optimizing phytoremediation methods for urban soils grappling with toxic heavy metal contamination. © 2024 Federation of Eurasian Soil Science Societies.

Over the last three decades, there has been a notable transformation in urban growth patterns in Kazakhstan’s large cities, particularly in Almaty. While this can be traced back to market-oriented planning agendas, the increasing fragmentation of the public realm in cities can be linked to the recent residential development projects. The rise of these projects in post-Soviet neighbourhoods is often criticised due to their typology, as developers create them as gated communities. These patterns’ socio and spatial fragmentation is associated with fewer opportunities for social interaction between Soviet neighbourhoods and the more recent exclusive communities. Therefore, this paper investigates the key issues present in the urban patterns of Almaty city that can hinder the creation of a more cohesive society. It presents a case study of other Soviet-developed neighbourhoods with similar development patterns. The study’s methodology includes morphological mapping, observation of the use of the public realm and a survey of residents to support the findings. The investigation focuses on one of the typical urban patterns of mixed-use Soviet neighbourhoods and recent urban residential blocks, where an opportunity lies for perspective communities. The research reveals a lack of social cohesion between local communities due to mono-functional land use, poor permeability and accessibility that fragmented the city into closed neighbourhoods. The research dives into the core issues of Soviet and post-Soviet urban morphology’s outcomes in the public realm and the impact on social life in these neighbourhoods. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

In sequential pumping, several liquids with different physical and chemical properties are pumped through one pipeline. The advantages of this method include: using one pipeline to transport different liquids; more complete pipeline loading; and reduced cost of pumping. The paper considers the sequential pumping of two batches of oil blends with different physicochemical properties through an industrial oil pipeline. This is because a batch of high-paraffin oil blend is simultaneously pumped to an oil refinery, and a batch of high-viscosity oil blend is transported further along a pipeline. The difference between the thermal-physical and rheological properties of oil batches imposes a condition on the thermal mode of operation of an industrial pipeline. A mathematical model and algorithm have been created for calculating the sequential transportation of high-paraffin and high-viscosity oil blends. Thermohydraulic calculations of the model show the distribution of hydraulic head, pressure, and temperature of the batches under the operating conditions of pumping units and heating furnaces. The verification and validation of the theoretical analysis was carried out with experimental data measured by the SCADA along the industrial pipeline length. By the thermal mode of sequential pumping, optimal heating temperatures of oil blends were found at the industrial pipeline stations.

The air quality within urban public transport is a critical determinant of passenger health. In the crowded and poorly ventilated cabins of Almaty’s metro, buses, and trolleybuses, concentrations of CO2 and PM2.5 often accumulate, elevating the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates the air quality along three of the city’s busiest transport corridors, analyzing how the concentrations of CO2, PM2.5, and PM10, as well as the temperature and relative humidity, fluctuate with the passenger density and time of day. Continuous measurements were collected using the Tynys mobile IoT device, which was bench-calibrated against a commercial reference sensor. Several machine learning models (logistic regression, decision tree, XGBoost, and random forest) were trained on synchronized environmental and occupancy data, with the XGBoost model achieving the highest predictive accuracy at 91.25%. Our analysis confirms that passenger occupancy is the primary driver of in-cabin pollution and that these machine learning models effectively capture the nonlinear relationships among environmental variables. Since the surveyed routes serve Almaty’s most densely populated districts, improving the ventilation on these lines is of immediate importance to public health. Furthermore, the high-temporal-resolution data revealed short-term pollution spikes that correspond with peak ridership, advancing the current understanding of exposure risks in transit. These findings highlight the urgent need to combine real-time monitoring with ventilation upgrades. They also demonstrate the practical value of using low-cost IoT technologies and data-driven analytics to safeguard public health in urban mobility systems. © 2025 by the authors.

Achieving solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies above 10 % is within reach with silicon carbide (SiC), a wide-bandgap semiconductor offering unique properties for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. This review integrates recent advances in novel van der Waals heterostructure designs, Janus-based SiC composites, and eco-friendly synthesis routes to improve efficiency and scalability. In addition, it provides a systematic correlation of density functional theory (DFT) predictions with experimental performance metrics, highlighting critical gaps and optimization pathways. Additionally, comprehensive modeling of electronic structures, band alignments, and surface reactions to optimize SiC-based configurations, including type-II heterojunctions with materials such as MoS2 and TiO2. Key performance metrics, such as photocurrent density and STH efficiencies, are evaluated alongside experimental advancements. Despite significant progress, challenges such as long-term photoelectrode stability, scalable fabrication, and cost reduction persist. We discuss strategies to address these issues, including eco-friendly etching techniques and novel material combinations, and propose future research directions. This review highlights that SiC-based tandem systems achieve STH efficiencies up to 6.3 % and stability exceeding 100 days, with DFT modeling suggesting potential beyond 10 % © 2025 The Authors

The exceptional mechanical and chemical properties exhibited by scandium, characterized by its low density, high strength, and remarkable resistance to corrosion, have positioned it as a sought-after metal in diverse industrial applications. Consequently, a surge in market demand for scandium has been observed, highlighting its unique attributes compared to other metals. The Republic of Kazakhstan has identified potential sources of scandium in the waste generated by the titanium, uranium, and aluminum industries. By implementing efficient processing techniques for these production wastes, the country can effectively address the deficit of scandium while also mitigating man-made emissions, thus significantly improving the environmental landscape. This article aims to explore and evaluate contemporary methodologies that have been employed for the recovery of scandium from the aforementioned secondary sources. By examining and analyzing these techniques, we can gain insights into the most effective and sustainable approaches to harnessing scandium from waste materials in Kazakhstan. This research not only contributes to meeting market demands but also ensures the responsible utilization of scandium, benefiting not just the country's economy but also its environmental sustainability. © 2024, Complex Use of Mineral Resources. All rights reserved.

Kazakhstan is embarking on a fresh approach to managing waste, aiming to recycle and repurpose solid household waste while integrating innovative, eco-friendly technologies for its treatment and disposal. The main goal is to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and instead convert it into more stable forms, lessening its harmful impact on the environment. This effort requires a comprehensive strategy, especially as existing landfills still need to be managed and rehabilitated when they reach capacity. It is essential to use municipal solid waste as a resource for producing various goods, which not only helps in landfill management but also aligns with principles of sustainability. This approach aligns with circular economic principles and helps to reduce the technological impact of landfills on the surrounding environment. The main types of waste in the Aktas landfill were identified as a result of this research: it is glass, of which only 3% is recycled. In our results, the setup allowed for the extraction of valuable components from the fine fraction, which can then be recycled. This enriches the organic material ready for composting (organo-mineral raw material mixture) with food waste. © 2024 by the authors.