Large volumes of wastes from beneficiation of manganese ores, dispersed iron and carbon-containing sludges are accumulated at large concentrating and metallurgical plants. Millions of tons of manganese wastes have been accumulated at the Dzhezdinsky mining and concentrating plant. Processing of small and dispersed metal-containing industrial wastes cannot be carried out via conventional technology. Development and implementation of the new technology for the processing of these wastes into valuable metal alloys is a very urgent problem. The highly efficient technology for the preparation and assembling of charge based on manganese wastes from beneficiation of manganese ores at the Dzhezdinsky mining and concentrating plant has been developed. The device for air-gravitation beneficiation of manganese wastes has been developed, which makes it possible to obtain a manganese-containing product with a high manganese content (up to 28 %). The method of stage-by-stage preparation of complex fine mixtures (with fraction less than 1 mm), consisting of manganese wastes, mill scale and charcoal, is shown, with substantiation for each operation with determination of the optimal parameters (temperature, consumption of components, etc.) is displayed. The composition of the final single-component charge obtained in the form of granulated pellets is given. Comprehensive analytical studies of intermediate and final products were performed using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and X-ray phase analysis. It ensured step-bystep quality control of the products obtained during preparation of the single-component charge. The results of the research will be used for the preparation and efficient processing of fine manganese wastes from the Dzhezdinsky mining and concentrating plant in Kazakhstan for production of high-quality alloys that are demanded on the domestic and world markets.

The article presents the analysis of widespread spectral indexes of the results of the Earth remote sensing data thematic processing to reveal the most representative one for applying under conditions of critical increase of groundwater level and salinity as well as salinized soil. Long-term monitoring data and multispectral images of the LandSat-8 satellite were collected for the Golodnostepsky irrigation land. Sites with the most disturbing ameliorative conditions were identified using GIS. 74 sites comply with this criterion where cotton, rice, and cucurbits crops are cultivated. Seasonal multispectral data of the region covering emphasised sites and spectral indexes were processed and calculated: NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI-2, GEMI, ARVI, IPVI, MTVI, TDVI, NDWI, MNDWI, NDSI. The following results turned out to be the most informative vegetation indexes: NDVI (yearly changes variation range 0.40) and SAVI (yearly changes variation range 0.44). At the same time the least informative vegetation indexes became IPVI (yearly changes variation range 0.19) and GEMI (yearly changes variation range 0.11). It was shown that vegetation indexes data are highly correlated with the amount of precipitation, an average air temperature and crop yield. Among water indexes, NDWI (yearly changes variation range 0.32) turned out to be more preferable than MNDWI (yearly changes variation range 0.15). The information value of the index of salinity NDSI for the sample turned out to be low (yearly changes variation range 0.17), which can be explained by agricultural and ameliorative activity at the site under research (ploughing, sprouting, vegetation, saline washing, etc.) © 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.

The process of preservation of archaeological and historical-cultural heritage of the country is not only a matter of formation of the legislative framework, the work of archaeologists and restorers, but also a specific study of the geological and natural environment in which the archaeological site was formed. The article presents the data of geological and geomorphological study of rock formations with petroglyphs of the UNESCO World Heritage property Tamgaly archaeological complex. In the course of field and cameral works, carried out by order of the Scientific Restoration Laboratory “Ostrov Krym” in 2022-2023, detailed studies of I–III groups of petroglyphs were carried out, abiotic and biotic factors affecting the preservation of this unique archаeological monument were shown. © 2024, Margulan Institute of Archaeology. All rights reserved.

Pollution from industrial activities, including heavy metal contamination, poses severe environmental challenges, especially in industrialized regions. This study evaluates reclamation efforts at the Kokzhon phosphorite deposit in Kazakhstan’s semi-desert zone, where over 67 million tons of industrial waste have accumulated across 3.3 thousand hectares. Reclamation efforts encompassed the treatment of 6,400 hectares using carbamide amendments and the planting of resilient phytomeliorants, including Russian Olive, Black Saxaul, Androsov Elm, and Salt Cedar. While tree survival rates were low (11%), herbaceous vegetation achieved remarkable success, with legumes and cereals attaining 95% growth rates. Herbaceous productivity increased from 2,200 kg/ ha in 2013 to 3,300 kg/ha in 2018, alongside vegetation cover expanding from 60% to 80%. Soil fertility also improved significantly, with humus content rising from 0.18% in 2012 to 1.14% in 2023. Despite these improvements, the long-term impacts of industrial phosphorite mining continue to challenge ecosystem recovery. Over a 12-year period, reductions in humus content (47.6%) and herbaceous productivity (28.4%) have been observed, highlighting the need for enhanced soil management strategies to sustain reclamation outcomes. The results emphasize the potential of biological reclamation to restore degraded semi-desert ecosystems while underscoring the necessity of scalable, cost-effective solutions and long-term monitoring to mitigate ongoing environmental damage. © 2025 Konysbayeva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

To date, there is a problem in the high cost of maintenance costs for wind turbines, this is due to the remote location of wind turbines from civilization, as well as the high location of the turbines above the ground [1]. This article presents one of the methods to reduce the cost of scheduled maintenance by developing a system for remote monitoring of the state of the main components of the wind turbine. The Internet of Things technology allows for constant monitoring of the technical condition of wind turbines in real time. Such a system will allow timely detection of deterioration of wind turbine components and inform the operator, located anywhere in the world, provided he has an Internet connection, of the need to replace or repair a certain component of the wind turbine. This will reduce the downtime of wind turbines, increasing their productivity, and will also reduce the number of visits to the location of wind turbines in order to carry out diagnostic work. © 2022, Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved.

Presently, many enterprises are automating all processes in their production, and the metallurgical industry is no exception. There are many software products for industrial automation on the market today. Such products allow bringing certain processes to a single management process, displaying all processes and automatically monitoring performance indicators, thereby assessing the effectiveness of the models implemented in the enterprise and the operation of the entire enterprise in general. The purpose of this study is to consider which production planning models are currently used for manufacturing execution system (MES) and highlight their features, specifically when implemented at metallurgical enterprises. The study employed the following methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphical presentation of data. The information basis of this paper included the studies of Russian, European, American, Asian specialists investigating the implementation of an integrated management system (MES) in the metallurgical industry. The results of this study allowed highlighting the features of existing production planning models for manufacturing execution systems (MES) in the metallurgical industry. This study is of practical importance because it allows highlighting the major features of various production planning models for manufacturing execution systems (MES) in the metallurgical industry and based on a comparative analysis, choosing the best one to implement at the enterprise. The results of a comparative analysis of production planning models for manufacturing execution systems (MES) in the metallurgical industry can also lead to the fact that an enterprise may abandon one model that is already operating in the enterprise and switch to a new, more progressive model that meets all the requirements and development trends market in the steel industry. Copyright © The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Information about the climate change impacts on river discharge of 2 tributary basins of the Irtysh River, the Oba and Ulbi, is important for effective management of the water resources of the Shulba reservoir in Kazakhstan. The main aim of the study was to investigate potential changes in water resource availability in the study basins. To assess the projected changes, the process-based eco-hydrological model SWIM was used under 2 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate scenarios obtained from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP). Our results show an increase in mean annual temperature of 6.1°C, an increase in average annual precipitation of 7.5 to 14%, an increase in annual average discharge for the Oba (6 to 8%) and smaller discharge changes (below 5%) for the Ulbi at the end of the century under RCP8.5-a scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions-compared to the reference period (1981-2010). Seasonal variations are marked by the peak discharge occurring up to a month earlier, a decrease in the duration of snow accumulation and a reduction in discharge during the summer months. The peak discharge period is prolonged in time, and a slight increase in river discharge could be expected from October to December. Possible future changes in climate may have serious impacts on water resources, agriculture and economic development in the case study basins. The results of this study can be extrapolated to other neighboring basins in Kazakhstan with similar climatic and geophysical characteristics. © Inter-Research 2023.

This work helps address recent calls for systematic water quality assessment in Central Asia and considers how nutrient and salinity sources, and transport, affect water quality along the continuum from the cryosphere to the lowland plains. Spatial and, for the first time, temporal variations in stream water pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations are presented for four catchments (485–13,500 km2), all with glaciers and major urban areas. The catchments studied were: Kaskelen (Kazakhstan), Ala-Archa (Kyrgyzstan), Chirchik (Uzbekistan) and the Kofarnihon (Tajikistan). Measurements were made in cryosphere, stream water, groundwater, reservoir and lake samples over a 22-month period at fortnightly intervals from 35 sites. The results highlight that glacier, permafrost and rock glacier outflows were primary and secondary nitrate sources (>1 mg N L−1) to the headwaters, and there were major increases in salinity and nitrate concentrations where rivers receive inputs from agriculture and settlements. Overall, the water quality complied with national and World Health Organization standards, however there were pollution hot-spots with shallow urban groundwaters contaminated with nitrate (>11 mg N L−1) and stream electrical conductivity above 800 μS cm−1 in some agricultural areas indicative of high salinity. Phosphate concentrations were generally low (<0.06 mg P L−1) throughout the catchments, though elevated (>0.2 mg P L−1) in urban areas due to effluent contamination. A melt water dilution effect along the main river channels was discernible, in the electrical conductivity and nitrate concentration seasonal dynamics, 100 s of km from the headwaters. Thus, the input of relatively clean water from the cryosphere is an important regulator of main channel water quality in the urban and farmed lowland plains adjacent to the Tien Shan and Pamir. Improved sewage treatment is needed in urban areas. © 2024

The intensifying effects of climate change have led to increased flooding, even in desert regions, resulting in significant socio-economic and ecological impacts. This study analyzes the causes and consequences of flooding in the Zhem River basin using data from ground stations, including Kazhydromet, and satellite platforms such as USGS FEWS NET and Copernicus. Spatial analyses conducted in ArcGIS utilized classified raster data to map the dynamics of flooding, snow cover, vegetation, and soil conditions. This enabled a geoecological analysis of flood damage on the vital components of the local landscape. Results show that flooding in the Zhem River basin was driven by heavy winter precipitation, rapid snowmelt, and a sharp rise in spring temperatures. The flood damaged Kulsary city and also harmed the region’s soil, vegetation, and wildlife. In July 2024, the flooded sail area tripled compared to the same period in 2023. Additionally, the area of barren land or temporary water bodies (pools) formed three months after the water receded also tripled, increasing from 84.9 km2 to 275.7 km2. This study highlights the critical need for continued research on the long-term environmental effects of flooding and the development of adaptive management strategies for sustainable regional development. © 2025 by the authors.

The article presents data from scientific research work on the development and study of effective dry building mixtures based on modified diatomites. The properties of the mineral filler diatomite were studied, and it was found that its surface becomes more active and has almost 3-4 times higher strength after thermal treatment compared to untreated diatomite reaching 4.28 MPa. It was also established that the optimal addition of low-viscosity cellulose ether (LCE) and redispersible polymer powder (RPP) results in nearly doubling the composite composition's strength and reaching 0.92 MPa. The water retention capacity of the developed compositions was studied using various methods and on different bases, as well as the effect of ambient temperature on this indicator. Thus, with the ratio of lime: diatomite of 1:1, the mixture showed a water retention capacity of 79.6%, a ratio of 1:2 = 80.5%, and a ratio of 1:3 = 88.7%, all three indicators are lower than recommended, according to the regulatory document. With the same ratio of 1:3 and the introduction of special additives LCE + RPP (50:50) in the amount of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%, this value significantly increased to 93%, 96.5% and 96.6%, respectively. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2024.