The study considered ore enrichment waste from the Ashiktas, Akbakai, and Maikain deposits to create sorbents based on silicophosphates. X-ray phase and electron probe elemental analysis were carried out, which confirmed the presence of silicon, aluminosilicate, and other valuable components suitable for the sorbent’s synthesis. The optimal synthesis temperature (600°C) contributes to the sorbents’ porous structure development and a sorption capacity increase concerning Ni2+ ions, allowing them to be used to purify industrial wastewater from heavy metals, which was proven using zeta potential measurements and SEM images. Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Using the mixture of carbonized rice husk and shungite from the Kazakhstan Koksu deposit and the experimentally determined oil sorption capacity from contaminated soil with oil originating in the Karazhanbas oil field, a set of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were built for sorption predictions. The ANN architecture design, training, validation and testing methodology were performed, and the sorption capacity prediction was evaluated. The ANN models were successfully trained for capturing the sorption capacity dependence on time and on a carbonized rice husk and shungite mixture ratio for the 10% and 15% oil-contaminated soil. The best trained ANNs revealed a very good prediction capability for the testing data subset, demonstrated by the high coefficient of the determination values of R2 = 0.998 and R2 = 0.981 and the mean absolute percentage errors ranging from 1.60% to 3.16%. Furthermore, the ANN sorption models proved their interpolation ability and utility for predicting the sorption capacity for any time moments in the investigated time interval of 60 days and for new values of the shungite and rice husk mixture ratios. The ANN developed models open opportunities for planning new experiments, maximizing the sorption performance and for the design of dedicated equipment. © 2023 by the authors.

During the earthquake on August 31, 2018 with a source in the Almaty region, the stations of the engineering and seismometric service registered instrumental records on rigid and flexible buildings. Accelerograms were obtained on a four-storey frame building and an 11-storey building with a steel frame. The reaction of two buildings at a given earthquake is analyzed. Spectral curves were plotted at the registration points on the roof and basement parts of buildings. The spectral curves at the basement level differ in spectral composition and spectrum irregularity. The influence of a tectonic fault on the response of an 11-storey building is revealed, and a criterion for the operation of a tectonic fault is proposed. The presence of resonance phenomena for a rigid building was established. Instrumental records are included in the accelerograms database of KazRDICA JSC. The results will be used to identify dynamic building models. This will allow you to take into account local features of seismic impact.

This research examines the relationship between project management maturity (PMM) and the choice of growth strategy in knowledge-oriented small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kazakhstan. A mixed-method approach, with quantitative and qualitative methods was used, involving a survey and in-depth interviews with company executives. The primary data were collected from 1,011 SME executives. The findings confirm that Kazakh knowledge-oriented SMEs mostly pursue a steady growth strategy, and that their managing directors were competent in project management. The SMEs, however, were not yet geared for rapid development. The managing directors of the SMEs are currently unable to guide their enterprises to greater levels of business activity. There is, therefore, a need to further develop the confidence and competencies of the managing directors of SMEs in order to achieve the sustainable growth of Kazakh commerce in the SME business sector. The findings and recommendations of this research can inform business leaders about the key resources and capabilities required to transition from small to medium size business. The research also provides policymakers with insight into the effects of sustainable development policies on SMEs in the context of developing countries. Copyright © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Inderscience Publishers Ltd.

In modern poultry farming, increasing the efficiency of feed use is a key factor for increasing productivity and reducing production costs. One of the promising methods for improving productivity indicators is the use of enzyme supplements such as α-amylase and β-glucanase, which improve nutrient absorption by improving feed digestion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of α-amylase and β-glucanase enzymes in broiler diets on productivity. The study used broilers, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Weight gain, feed conversion rate, and nutrient digestibility were measured. Economic indicators were calculated based on feed costs and productivity of birds. The results showed that the addition of the α-amylase and β-glucanase enzymes significantly improved weight gain and FCR. Broilers receiving these enzymes showed improved body weight gain and lower FCR values compared to the control group. In addition, there was an increase in the height of the villi and the depth of the crypts in the tissue of the small intestine, which indicates better intestinal health and the ability to absorb nutrients. The digestibility of proteins and amino acids has also increased significantly. Improved nutrient uptake has led to a reduction in nutrient release into manure, minimising environmental impacts. Economic calculations have shown a reduction in feed costs due to the use of cheaper ingredients and an increase in overall productivity. There was also a decrease in the amount of abdominal fat in birds that were fed diets with enzymes. Prospects for further research are aimed at optimising enzyme dosage and investigating their effects on different poultry species and feed ingredients © The Author(s).

The object of the study is Manufacturing Execution System. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the metallurgical industry has been demonstrating a high level of volatility in the global market over the past few years. The issue of the effectiveness of the metallurgical enterprise is directly related to ensuring environmental safety. The purpose of the study is to consider how the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) operates in the metallurgical industry and highlight its features, offering recommendations aimed at improving operational efficiency with the introduction of MES systems at enterprises of the metallurgical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphical representation of data. Using the example of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the study examined the relationship between MES and APCS (Automated Process Control System), highlighted the requirements for the transition from individual management of particular cases of technological rules and restrictions to the digitization of general algorithms. It was defined that the advantages of a production system include its fast payback. Also, it was determined that the MES system allows automating production operations and information support, carrying out operational planning, accounting for production and quality of metal products, tracking the history of each product, managing equipment, and analyzing performance. In addition, the recommendations that can be used as a basis for creating an enterprise development program, increasing the level of productivity, therefore, reducing the cost of the enterprise’s products, were developed

Global climate change poses a serious threat to agriculture, with heat and drought stress often occurring simultaneously and severely impacting crop productivity. As post-transcriptional regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate plant responses to these adverse conditions by targeting genes involved in antioxidant defense, growth, development, and hormonal signaling. However, research on miRNA roles under combined drought and heat stress is still limited compared to individual stress studies. Additionally, stress-, cultivar-, and tissue-specific expression patterns of miRNAs, along with discrepancies between controlled laboratory conditions and natural environments, complicate the development of broadly applicable miRNA-based strategies. This review explores recent advancements in understanding miRNA target genes and their functions, highlighting the need for innovative, sustainable solutions for crop improvement. © 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.

This study investigates the influence of various fillers and curing conditions on the strength development of foam concrete. It was found that conventional sand-based mixtures fail to achieve the required strength under both steaming and natural hardening conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that substituting sand with activated hydraulic ash, particularly when combined with a hardening accelerator, significantly improves the strength of non-autoclaved cellular concrete. The research also examines the effect of ash with different grinding fineness on the physical and mechanical properties of both autoclaved and non-autoclaved foam concrete. Since autoclaved curing ensures complete hydration, a comparative analysis was conducted using samples cured under atmospheric pressure in a steam chamber at 90 °C and those treated in an autoclave at 167 °C and 0.8 MPa. This approach enabled the identification of strength variations related to the content and reactivity of silicon dioxide in the ash. The novelty of this research lies in demonstrating the practical efficiency of using activated hydraulic removal ash combined with a chemical hardening accelerator to produce non-autoclaved cellular concrete with acceptable strength characteristics. The methodology emphasizes the comparative evaluation of identically composed mixtures subjected to different curing regimes, offering valuable insights into optimizing material composition and processing for sustainable and energy-efficient foam concrete production.

Underground mining of minerals is accompanied by a change in the rock mass geomechanical situation. This leads to the redistribution of stresses in it and the occurrence of unexpected displacements and deformations of the earth's surface. A significant part of the civil and industrial infrastructure facilities are located within the mine sites, where mining and tunneling operations are constantly conducted. Irrational planning of mining operations can lead to loss of stability and destruction of undermined facilities. Therefore, it is important to study the earth’s surface deformation processes during mining operations, which ensures safe and sustainable operating conditions. The research objective of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of a natural gas pipeline under the influence of underground mining activities, with a particular focus on understanding the effects of horizontal surface deformations and their potential impact on pipeline safety and structural integrity. Its performance and safety are determined on the basis of the found parameters of the earth's surface horizontal deformations and their comparison with permissible parameters characterizing the conditions for laying pipelines, depending on the mining-geological conditions and the degree of their undermining. Based on determined conditions for the safe undermining of the natural gas pipeline, it has been revealed that in its section between the PK212+40 and PK213+80 (140 m) pickets, the estimated parameters of the earth's surface horizontal deformations exceed their permissible values. This can cause deformation and damage to the pipeline. For the safe operation of the pipeline during the period of its undermining, in order to eliminate the hazardous impact of mining the longwall face, additional protection measures must be applied. It is therefore recommended that the gas pipeline between the PK212 and PK214+20 pickets be opened prior to the displacement process (200 m from the stoping face), thus reducing the density of the gas pipeline-soil system. Recommendations for controlling the earth’s surface deformations within the natural gas pipeline route are also proposed, which will ensure premature detection of the negative impact of mining operations. © 2023, The Author(s).

In this paper, a digital twin of the network of heating systems for smart cities is developed using the example of the city of Almaty. The study used machine learning algorithms to estimate future thermal energy consumption and develop thermodynamic formulas. This work offers a thorough and in-depth analysis of thermal energy consumption. In addition, the paper identifies the relationship between thermal energy consumption and ambient temperature, and wind uncertainty in certain urban areas using machine learning methods to predict thermal energy consumption. Using both training and regression models, this interdependence is revealed. The obtained forecasts provide useful information for studying the structure of heat consumption in Almaty and reducing heat losses by reducing overheating in the zones of heating networks. In addition, the study analyzes high-resolution spatial data collected from 385 homes and 62 heat transfer circuits located throughout the city during the heating season. The study examines the degree of relationship between the ambient temperature and the amount of heat energy used in the areas of Astana. A minor impact of wind speed is also estimated. These discoveries allow us to use machine learning algorithms to find the location of hot spots and inefficient zones with high losses. © 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.