The article presents the results of a study of the thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Cr-Si-Al-C multicompo-nent system, where, on the basis of thermodynamic data, the boundary ternary systems of the basic four-component Cr-Si-Al-C system are constructed. As a result, the components of the condensed phases of a multicomponent system were determined. De-scriptions are given for each of the defined phases, with the help of which it is possible to create an accurate model of the general system of compositions of chromium-containing melts with the calculation of their normative phase compositions.Triangles of the Cr-Si-Al-C system have been established, modulating the compositions of the resulting compositions of metal products during the smelting of the aluminosilicochrome alloy using high-ash coals. As a result of modeling, the main components of the phase of three-component systems Al-Cr-C, Cr-Si-C, were revealed. Volumes and color integrals indicating condensed and gaseous phases are determined. The technology of obtaining silicon-aluminum alloys is based on the reduction of oxides from the ash of high-ash coal with its own carbon in ore-thermalfurnaces.

Groundwater is an important source of water supply in the regions of Northern Kazakhstan. The formation and management of exploitable groundwater reserves in a given region are closely related to hydrological conditions. This article analyzes the influence of climatic factors, hydrogeological features and human activity on the formation of opera-tional groundwater reserves in Northern Kazakhstan. The study is based on an analysis of the results of prospecting and assessment work and data from the pilot operation of the Alekseevskoye groundwater deposit in the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The article considers the geological structure of Kogodai copper massive sulfide deposit in the Kurchum block, which is an integral part of the Irtysh shear zone. It is shown that the geological structure of the site involves feldspar quartz-mica and amphibole-feldspar-mica crystalline schists, gneisses with frequent horizons of amphibolites. Mineralized zones confined to the contact of amphibolite bodies with gneisses on terrigenous rocks are noted,granitoids in different phases of intrusion including dikes and various granite and quartz porphyries are also considered. The spatial contiguity of geologicalstructures of different ages and compositions subject to intense metamorphic transformations isemphasized. This article pre-sents the features of the copper massive sulfide deposit, the composition of the ores and the connection with the geological and structural-tectonic factors that contributed to its formation.

The article analyses methods of dross processing with obtaining marketable products. In recent years, along with pyrometallurgical methods, hydrometallurgical methods are beginning to develop. The authors present a new waste-free tech-nology for processing zinc-plating waste aimed at obtaining marketable products.In the work the technological scheme of new, combined, waste-free technology of processing of zinc smelting waste with obtaining of marketable products is con-structed. Technological calculations on dross processing for specific productivity of 100 tonnes per day are made, recommen-dations on design of the enlarged installation and on operation of the technology are given. Technological calculations were carried out using a specially developed program that considers the optimum parameters and modes of technology. This allows the authors to obtain accurate data and estimates of the dross processing process and optimize the operation of the plant.The use of the developed technology of complex dross processing will allow to stimulate the development of zinc production in therepublic due to involvement of dross in processing as an additional source of raw materials. Utilization of dross with obtaining of marketable products with high added value will allow to release considerable areas of land occupied by it.Overall, the paper emphasises the potential of the new technology to address the problems of dross processing, stimulate the growth of the zinc industry and reduce the environmental impact of dross accumulation.

The paper deals with analysis and findings of investigation of technogenic plumbum-zinc slag residuals that in-volve a great deal of poisonous compounds such as cadmium, osmium, plumbum, zinc, hazardous origins of environmental contamination. In connection with the outdoor storing of slags, an excess of the plumbumcritical concentration was derived. Technogenic slag residuals’ reclamation is crucial for minimizing the detrimental effect on health and safety, improving the region’s ecological setting. At that, slags are high-value crude materials involving rare-earth and non-ferrous metal compunds.The paper demonstrates the findings of laboratory tests of slags to specify the quantitative and qualitative composition of high-value components in the plumbum residuals, the ability of their subsequent treatment and reclamation. The heavy slag fraction material was investigated on JEOL IXA-8230 Electron Probe microanalyzer. The running slag sample’s X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on DRON-4 diffractometer with graphite monochromator, Cu radiation. Heavy fractions were separat-ed from the samples, artifactural polished microsections (briquets) were made. The polished microsections were investigated in index-matching fluids and under LEICA DM 2500P microscope. The findings identified that plumbum slags involve a consid-erable body of non-ferrous metal compounds, which allow to make the reclamation of poisonous plumbum residuals functional and cost-effective.

Currently, the problem of sustainable increase in the production of gallium metal to ensure its use in high-tech areas -power semiconductor electronics, energy-saving LEDs, etc. is very urgent.In world practice, electrolysis on a mercury cathode or cementation with sodium amalgam was used to extract gallium from alkaline solutions. However, this technology is not currently used due to the high toxicity of mercury. Cementation and electrocarburization on aluminum galley are widely used for purified solutions.A promising method for obtaining gallium metal from alkaline solutions is electrolysis on a solid rotating gallium cathode, the surface of which is constantly renewed with liquid gallium. To increase the efficiency of electrol-ysis, studies of the process of gallium electroreduction with the application of non-stationary (pulsating and reversing) currents were carried out.The use of non-stationary currents makes it possible to increase gallium extraction by 8.4-10.4% and reduce electricity consumption by 62-68 kWh/kg Ga.The positive effect of the use of non-stationary currents can be explained by the fact that periodic switching off the current orreversing the electrodes in the found optimal modes leads to a periodic change in the surface tension of the gallium cathode, as a result of which the gallium surface and the adjacаent electrolyte layer pulsate, the thickness of the diffusion layer decreases and conditions for the separation of adsorbed gas bubbles are improved. This accelerates the diffusion of gallate ions from the bulk of the solution into the near-cathode layer. The use of non-stationary currents makes it possible to dissolve the gallium oxide film on the cathode surface, i.e. depassurate the electrode surface.

The article presents the results of computer thermodynamic modeling and experiments on the production of fer-roalloysof the production of ferroalloys from a mixture of tailings for sulfuric acid leaching of oxidized copper ores from the Almaly, Ayak-Kodzhan, Aktogay, Kounrad, Shatyrkol deposits, containing(%):65.2SiO2;14.2Al2O3;7.4Fe2O3; 2.4K2O; 2.7Na2O; 6.6CаO; 2.8MgO; 0.2CuO. The simulations werecarried out using the HSC-6.0 software package based on the Gibbs minimum energy principle, as well as the research planning method using a rotatable second-order plan (the Box-Hunter plan).Experiments on melting a mixture of tailings were carried out on the Tamma furnace in isothermal mode.The influence of tem-perature and the amount of carbon on the equilibrium degree of distribution of silicon, aluminum and the concentration of these metals in the alloy was determined. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the equilibrium interaction of a mixtureof heap leaching tailings of copper ores with carbonand iron occurs with the formation of FeSi, FeSi2, FeSi2.33, Fe5Si3, FeSi2.43, Fe3Si, Si, SiO2, Al, SiC, CaSiO3, Al2SiO5, MgSiO3, K2SiO3, Na2SiO3, Cu, CO. An increase in iron from 30 to 50% of the mass of the mixture of leaching tailings and temperatures from 1600 to 2000ºС increases the degree of extraction into the silicon alloy to 83.2%, and reduces the concentration of silicon in it from 40-41.41% (at 1800ºC) to 30-31%, aluminum at 2100ºС from 8.3% to 5.5%. Ferrosilicon of the FeSi45brand with the extraction of 74-81.9% Si from it is formed at 1780-1910ºС, 30% iron and 34% carbon, and the FeSi25brand with the extraction of 70-76% Si into it is formed in the temperature range of 1660-1730ºСin the presence of 43.5-50% iron. Determines the influence of temperature 1000-2100ºС and iron. To achieve high (≥80%) silicon in the alloy, a temperature of at least 1800ºС and an 80-minute duration of the process are required.

The content of the leading elements in the technical composition of high-ash coals on the territory of Kazakhstan makes it possible to obtaina complex alloy. In accordance with this, a comprehensive study of the possibilities of obtaining an Aluminium-chromium-silicon alloy, which can be a complex deoxidizer and reducing agent, is among the topical issues.The article presents the results of astudy of the thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Cr-Si-Al-C multicomponent system, where, on the basis of thermodynamic data, the boundary ternary systems of the basic four-component Cr-Si-Al-C system are constructed. As a result, the components of the condensed phases of a multicomponent system were determined. Descriptions are given for each of the defined phases, with the help of which it is possible to create an accurate model of the general system of compositions of chromium-containing melts with the calculation of their normative phase compositions.Triangles of the Cr-Si-Al-C system have been established, modulating the compositions of the resulting compositions of metal products during the smelting of the aluminosilicochrome alloy using high-ash coals. As a result of modeling, the main components of the phase of three-component systems Аl-Si-С, Аl-Cr-Si, were revealed. Volumes and color integrals indicating condensed and gaseous phases are determined. The technology of obtaining silicon-aluminum alloys is based on the reduction of oxides from the ash of high-ash coal with its own carbon in ore-thermal furnaces.

This research study's overarching goal is to assess the effects of industrial (chemical components) and agricultur-al (Pesticide residues) activities on the Syr-Darya. This study has the following specific goals:1. Assess the current state of Syr-Darya's water quality;2.Examining the agricultural and industrial activities in the Syr-Darya (Kazakhstan) downstream portion.In this study we aimed to assess the current state of water quality in the downstream portion of Syr-Darya using the Water Quality Index (WQI) arithmetic method. The study specifically focuses on the effects of industrial and agricultural ac-tivities on water pollution, including metallic and non-metallic chemical components, PH, TDS, other minerals, and pesticide residues. The importance of this research lies in the lack of up-to-date evaluations of water quality classification and the poten-tial impact of pollutants (industrial and agricultural activities) over the Syr-Darya. The literature review highlights the high levels of pollution in the river due to industries and agricultural activities. Both upstream and downstream countries contribute to the pollution, with upstream countries adding pesticides and downstream countries polluting the water through industrial activities. The research will involve collecting secondary data from existing studies on water pollution and indicators of water quality in the region. The methodology involves calculating the WQI using the Weighted Arithmetic Index Method, which provides an overall index number representing the water quality. This research is important for understanding and managing water pollution in the Syr-Darya river basin.

This article discusses the conduct of geoecological research, the need for which depends on the process of urani-um mining by underground well leaching, the relevance of environmental problems. As a result of geoecological studies, data on soil, vegetation cover, underground water and atmospheric air pollution will be obtained, which characterize the state of the environment. The high concentration ofchemical elements and their compounds allows us to identify the causes and sources of contamination.Research methods necessary for conducting research are determined considering specific natural-territorial complexes (NTC), geomorphological, geochemical and other conditions. They may include the results of previously conducted geological, engineering-geological, hydrogeological and geochemical studies.