This article is devoted to the development of a simulation model for determining the coordinates of air objects based on the GNSS navigation signal reflected from the air object and received on the antenna of the navigation receiver. To solve the problem of radar of aerial objects using bistatic location based on the use of GNSS satellites, it was necessary to pre-evaluate the energy or energy potential of the satellite navigation signal reflected from the aerial object, which then comes to the receiving antenna of the navigation equipment of consumers. The results obtained in the form of the developed computational schemes will form the basis of the algorithmic and software of the passive radar system and will allow determining the requirements for its technical support carried out within the framework of the grant project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. AP09260581. In this paper, simulation modeling is understood as such an approach to modeling complex systems, which allows us to develop a single meta-model that combines into an integral set of models of objects and processes of their interaction based on a single information and event space in a single discrete time scale, and implement the resulting meta-model in an electronically equivalent form on an electronic computer. One of the main tasks of the study of complex radio engineering systems by modeling is the choice of modeling principles that should allow the construction of the simulated system in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study in such a way that the model adequately reflects the processes and patterns of behavior of the system under study with the necessary degree of reliability and detail. One of the most productive methods of developing a software and hardware complex of simulation modeling is object-oriented modeling.

The focus of the article is on the characterization of low-grade Chilisai phosphorites through a comprehensive analysis of their physicochemical properties. The structure of phosphorites of this deposit was studied using modern instrumental methods, including chemical and energy-dispersive analysis, IR-Fourier spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and mineralogical analysis. According to the results of chemical analysis, the material composition of nodular phosphorites was determined, and the elemental mass composition was determined by the method of energy dispersive analysis. The qualitative composition of low-grade phosphorites was determined by IR-Fourier spectroscopy. The combination of these research methods gave a comprehensive idea of the material composition and quality of the studied samples. This study provides valuable information on the low-grade Chilisai phosphate rock and its suitability for processing into phosphorus-containing products.

The increase in the integrated use of oxidized and mixed copper ores largely depends on the creation of a technology that allows not only to extract copper, but also to obtain marketable products from non-metallic components. The article presents the results of experimental studies of electric melting of leaching tailings of copper oxidized ore of the Almaly deposit containing by weight, %: 70.9 SiO2, 15.9 Al2O3, 2.1 MaO, 2.4 CaO, 3.6 K2O, 2.2 Na2O, 2.0 Fe2O3, 0.4 TiO2, 0.2 BaO, 0.2 CuO to obtain ferrosilicon. The studies were carried out using a single-electrode single-phase arc furnace with adjustable power, as well as the method of rotatable second-order research (Box-Hunter plan). The influence of the amount of coke and steel chips on the degree of silicon extraction into the alloy and its grade was determined. It was found that with a constant amount of coke, an increase in the charge of steel chips increases the extraction of silicon into the ferroalloy and reduces the concentration of Si in it. The influence of coke on the behavior of silicon has a lesser effect. Based on the obtained volumetric and planar images of changes in the extraction of silicon into the alloy and its composition, geometric optimization of the process was carried out. It was found that ferrosilicon grade FeSi25 with the extraction of 70-75% silicon in it is formed in the presence of 30-31.3% coke, 31.3-32.0% steel chips. To obtain ferrosilicon of the FeSi45 brand, with the extraction of 70-76% silicon, the amount of coke should be 32.2-36.3%, and steel chips 25.6-28.3% of the mass of the brags; in the presence of 24-25.2% of steel chips, 30.7-36.3% of coke, ferrosilicon of the FeSi50 brand should be smelted from the tailings.

Currently, the Lisakovsk field is one of the raw material bases of ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC. However, at present, their use in metallurgical production is limited due to the high content of phosphorus. It was found that phosphorus in lisakov concentrate is present in the form of various minerals (ooliths, vivianite, hydrogetite) and compounds (iron phosphates, hydrated phosphorus components). By reacting with the gaseous compounds of these different iron phosphates, conditions can be created to reduce excess phosphorus. This article discusses the thermodynamic interaction of iron phosphate with various gaseous components. The object of the study is the Lisakov gravitational-magnetic concentrate, which contains up to 0.7% phosphorus. Phosphorus in the composition of phosphorus gravitational-magnetic concentrate is added to the mineral vivianite, which represents the compound of hydrogetite with phosphorus pentaoxide. When oxidized to a temperature of 900-1000°C, iron phosphate breaks down into iron oxide and phosphorus pentaoxide. The released phosphorus pentaoxide is a chemically active and mobile substance. Thus, in the future, this phosphorus pentaoxide may undergo decomposition under certain conditions. Considering the insufficiently studied mechanism of annealing and leaching, as well as the shortcomings of the proposed technologies, initiative studies of pyrogydrometallurgical technology for removing phosphorus peroxide content in the Lisakovsk enrichment using annealing and leaching with sulfuric acid were carried out.

The paper analyzes the raw material base of the coal deposit in the world and Kazakhstan. It is shown that with the development of the coal industry, the output of ash and slag waste is growing, which occupy large areas for storage and their negative impact on the environment. The paper describes the mechanism of the process of rectification of the mother liquor with ammonium hydroxide with the release of non-ferrous metals and REE into the precipitate (cake) and the production of a circulating solution based on calcium chloride. The results of thermodynamic calculations of the Gibbs free energy of deposition of non-ferrous metals from the mother liquor in the temperature range of 293-323 K (20-50°C), showed the fundamental possibility of separation of non-ferrous metals into the precipitate. The results of thermodynamic calculations are fully confirmed by experimental experiments on the study of the regularities of the separation of non-ferrous metals (CM) and REE into the target commercial product (cake) from the mother liquor obtained after crystallization of aluminum chloride hexahydrate by rectification with NH4OH. In the process of rectification of the mother liquor, a solution of calcium chloride in the amount of 989.9 ml and 11.91 g of cake (precipitate) containing NFM and REE was obtained. The resulting solution is reversible and is used for chlorinating ash firing. A high (more than 99%) extraction of NFM and REE in the cake was established. According to the phase composition, the cake consists of NFM and calcium hydroxides, with a predominant, up to 50%, content Zn(OH)2. The cake can be easily processed by known metallurgical methods with maximum extraction of NFM and REE. The process of rectification of the mother liquor is the final stage of the innovative technology of complex processing of ash and slag waste of the TPS of Kazakhstan. The paper shows the technological scheme of the developed technology of complex ash processing and optimal technological parameters. The technology will stimulate the development of the energy industry by completely recycling them to obtain commodity products with high added value and increase the efficiency of thermal power plants operating on coal combustion by involving ash waste in processing as an additional source of raw materials.

People who have visited the surface of Mars for the first time cannot survive in conditions of such dangers as ra-diation, micrometeorites and dust storms. But we offer the caves found on this Mars as a way to use them as a natural refuge from these environmental hazards. The gravitational field on the surface of Mars is about three times weaker than on Earth, and the magnetic field is too weak. Therefore, creatures that have left Earth, including humans, can live on the surface of Mars for only 30-40 seconds. Even the most powerful spacesuit can save a person's life for just a few hours. Martian caves weaken solar radiation almost three times and do not let it inside. Therefore, the study of Martian caves, conducting scientificallybased research to makethem the first habitat, is an urgent problem today. Therefore, it is advantageous to use the mountain caves of Mars as an underground habitat. Since atmospheric protection is minimal at high altitudes, scientific studies of the strengthand stability of the inner edges to Martian gravity are carried out to turn these caves into living quarters, such as mines, tunnels. Under the influence of various forces (gravitational, temperature, low-current, tectonic, etc.) of such structures on Mars, a mechanical andmathematical model is being developed to study the strength of cave dwellings, habitats.

This article provides information on the stability of the natural dam of Lake Kaiyndy in the study area. Lake Kaiyndy is located in the middle part of the basin and is fed by melted snow and rainwater. The flow of water from the lake is carried out by the surface. The lake belongs to the high category of mudflow hazard. During the technogenic development of this territory, one should considerthe negative impact of the additional load on the stability of the sides of the canyon and not expand the development of the territory towards the river. In the event of a lake outburst, the road bridge of the village ofZhalanash -the village of Saty, residential buildings and farmland of the village of Algabas and Zhanatalap of the Kegen dis-trict, the village of Shelek, the village of Masak, the village of Baiseit, the village of Malybay, with. Zhanasharua of the Enbekshikazakh district and the Bartogay reservoir of the Almaty region, road bridges, power lines. The total number of peo-ple in the risk zone is more than 2-3 thousand people. Also, the Kuldzhinsky Trakt highways, the Western China-Western Europe auto-ban, irrigation systems, the waterworks of the Kunaev BAC and other linear communications fall into the zone of influence. Lake Kaiyndy is a place of mass visits by tourists and vacationers. In summer, the number of people at risk can reach several hundred.

The article presents the results of a study of the thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Fe-Si-Al-Ba multicomponent system, where, on the basis of thermodynamic data, the boundary ternary systems of the basic four-component Fe-Si-Al-Ba system are constructed. As a result, it was determined that the system consists of 12 elementary tetrahedra. For each of the tetrahedra, analytical equations are determined, with the help of which it is possible to establish the location in the factor space of the general system of the compositions of various metal melts with the calculation of their normative phase compositions. The correctness of the breakdown into elementary tetrahedra can be seen due to the volumes of the same tetrahedra, where the sum of these volumes is equal to one (1.00000). The quasi-volumes in the system Fe-Si-Al-Ba, simulating the compositions of the resulting metal products during the smelting of an alloy of ferrosilicoaluminum with barium in the process of reduction, have been established. As a result, it turned out that the Fe-Si-Al-Ba system does not include ternary and quaternary compounds, with the exception of interstitial solid solutions containing Fe-Si and Fe-Al phases doped with barium, as well as silicon-barium-aluminum containing eutectic. In this case, the region of the composition of the alloy with a barium content of 8-10% will be the most optimal. Further, with an increase in the concentration of barium in the alloy above 10%, it leads to the loss of barium with atmospheric oxygen, and also leads to a violation of the melting process.

Large amounts of waste from the enrichment of manganese ores, dispersed iron-and carbon-containing slurries accumulate at large processing plants, metallurgical plants, plants. Millions of tons of manganese waste have been accumulated at the Dzhezdinsky GOK. Processing of small and dispersed metal-containing industrial waste cannot be carried out by tradi-tional technology. The development and implementation of a new technology for processing these wastes into valuable metal alloys is a very urgent problem.In this paper, based on a comparative analysis of the theoretical approaches to the production of steel and ferroalloys of tra-ditional technology and newideas, the selection and justification of the preparation of the charge is carried out. It is shown that the theoretical foundations of the adsorption-autocatalytic mechanism can be revised from the point of view of the organization of metal production from the point of view of solid-phase reactions.The theoretical foundations of the «Dissociation-adsorption mechanism»are given, where the phenomenological phenome-non is focused on the fact that the dissociation of chemical compounds, including metal oxides, is inherent in them as well as their formation from individual elements regardless of external conditions. The influence of external factors, for example, energy (temperature rise), causes thermal dissociation, which does not so much prove whether dissociation exists or not at all, as it shows a specific degree of dissociation of the compound for the purposeful restoration of the element or the formation of a new compound.It is shown that the dissociation of metal oxides intensifies proportionally to a decrease in particle size and an increase in temperature. It is established that dispersed oxide materials can be metallized with solid carbon due to the reduction of iron within the temperature range of 950-1100°C.

During the processing of chromium ores, chromite concentrate is obtained for the production of ferrochrome, and waste is also collected -tailings beneficiation. Fragment and sludge tailings depending on the beneficiation technology.Finely dispersed sludge tailings of the Donskoy MPP of Kazchrome JSC are stored at the Dubersay and Akzhar tailings, which are man-made deposits (MMD) or man-made mineral formations (MMF). To develop a technology for processing sludge tailings, which contain up to 30% chromium oxide, their physical and chemical studies were carried out. According to the chemical analysis of sludge tailings, it follows that research should be directed to the removal of magnesium and siliconoxides, thereby increasing the content of chromium oxide to a standard chromium concentrate. A very thin dissemination of chromite with minerals of host rocks necessitates additional grinding of intermediate products, which are intergrowths of chromite with waste rock. Accordingto the results of fractional analysis and IR spectroscopy, the content of a large numberof flocculants in the studied sludge tailings and a large number of particles with a particle size of less than 20μm, which, in heavy liquid solutions, due to its small size, is in suspension and does not stratify, was revealed. According to the granulometric composition, it was determined that the sludge minus 0.071mm must also be classified into 0.04 and 0.02mm and enriched each class separately. It has been established that in order to obtain high technological performance, the traditional gravitational beneficiation scheme used at the DMPP is technologically cumbersome, because includes operations of flocculant disintegration, classifica-tion, grinding, beneficiation on concentration tables of each size class, regrinding of intermediate products. The results of the physicochemical study of chromium sludge tailings showed the need for a combined beneficiation scheme, including chemical enrichment with finishing of chromium concentrate by gravity beneficiation.