This article presents the results of numerical simulation that evaluates the influence of the spray angle of gasoline (С6Н6) in the combustion chamber on the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber and the formation of carbon dioxide concentration. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of initial parameters on the process of liquid fuel combustion using numerical simulation based on the solution of two-dimensional differential equations of turbulent reacting flow. The studies were carried out at spray angle of 20-160 using the KIVA-II software package. Analyzing the results of the study, the value of the effective spray angle for gasoline combustion was determined. At an effective spray angle of 60, the temperature in the chamber rises to 2467 K, in which case the concentration of carbon dioxide acquires a relatively small value.

The transport and geographical position determines the position of the region in relation to transport networks, transport sites and flows. It is one of the main types of economic and geographical conditions, which are divided according to the elements of production. The article analyzes the transport and geographical situation of Akmola region, one of the main grain-growing and market-producing regions of Kazakhstan and an important link in ensuring the food zone of the capital. The effectiveness of the economic and geographical location of the study area, its status as a suburb, its location at the intersection of important railways and highways provides a high transport potential for the region. The region has the highest density of railway routes in the country. In addition, the level of coverage of the road network was analyzed, which is important for the region in the production and processing of agricultural products and their delivery to places of storage, consumption, transportation of goods and passengers in the agro-industrial complex. The indicators characterizing the roads also allow us to conclude that the level of coverage of the road network in the region is higher than the national average.

An effective diversion technique is a crucial component in all acid stimulation jobs, which allows us to achieve full zonal coverage and thereby achieve the treatment objectives. In the process of acidizing heterogeneous formations, it is necessary to change the direction of the fluid to the target interval, i.e., the interval with low permeability, to ensure an even distribution of pumped fluids throughout the formation. This is because in heterogeneous formations, due to the different permeability of the layers, highly permeable wormholes can be treated with acid, and wormholes with low permeability can remain untreated. The article describes the technological features of methods of flow-diverting agents (diversion methods) used to change the flow distribution to prevent this problem, i.e. methods of optimal acid placement. In the article, one of the mechanical methods of flow-diverting agents, the Coil tubing technology, is considered and its effectiveness is determined by conducting quantitative experimental studies.

This paper discusses the environmental problems of the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways to solve them on the territory of test sites. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of radioactive waste from the "Azgyr and Naryn" landfill on the ecological situation in the regions. Because of the rapid development of the oil and gas industry, spacecraft launches, the environment of these regions was contaminated with decay products of various types of rocket fuel, nitrogenous compounds, heavy metals and other toxic substances. The article provides a theoretical analysis of statistical data on the assessment of the environmental situation in the surrounding areas in relation to the "Azgyr and Naryn" landfill. Thus, in the regions adjacent to the landfill, during the analyzed period, indicators were found that differ from the national average or control values, which in turn indicates the adverse impact on the environment and human health of radioactive emissions from the landfill and emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and hydrocarbons. The ecological consequences of a catastrophe are predetermined not only by the magnitude and nature of pollution, but also by the specific features of the polluted ecosystems themselves, considered as an object of external influence and requiring, taking into account these circumstances, special systematization. The prospects for resolving environmental problems depend not so much on the level of development of science and technology, but on the general ecological culture of the population, on the understanding of the sources, essence and ways of solving the current ecological crisis situation. Therefore, ecological education is considered as the basis for the formation of an ecological culture, an ecophilic attitude towards nature.

This article discusses the assessment of the level of soil pollution of heavy metals by their content in the conditions to mining and processing production associations. According to the results of laboratory analysis of the studied soils, the predominant types of HM soil contamination were identified. We have studied 8 heavy metals, the determination of the content on the territory of mining plants showed a quantitative increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil. According to the scale of soil contamination by heavy metals on the territory of the mining and processing production Association, it can be attributed to the average level of pollution. In research for the first time analyzed and assessed technogenic soil pollution of heavy metals in their mobile content and on this basis the proposed activities on environmental protection designed for the mining and processing production associations, including: measures to reduce impact, protection and rational use of soil. This article demonstrates that currently the main factors contributing to soil contamination of HM are mining plants.

The work material relates to problems of selection and comparison of states of a dynamic object for complex monitoring of the state of laying by heterogeneous information and can be used in diagnostic and control systems of objects for prompt obtaining of reliable information on the state of a object. The purpose of the work is to create a system for monitoring and controlling the processes of hardening of the filling material, which enables to make continuous remote monitoring and helps prepare and make short-term management decisions for the timely prevention of emergencies and their occurrence, consequences, reducing the cost of manufacturing and operating the system. It is noted that each filling material indicator separately determines the state of the array partially, only one side of its description, and cannot be a global assessment of the state of the entire object.

Ground motion prediction equations (GMPE) relate the strong ground motion shaking parameters to variables describing earthquake source, path, and on-site impact. From the many available GMPEs, we select those models that are suitable for use in seismic hazard assessment and take into account regional seismic and tectonic conditions. We present a GMPE selection procedure that evaluates multidimensional ground motion trends (e.g., in magnitude, distance, and structural period), examines functional forms, and evaluates quantitative GMPE performance tests versus independent data. Our recommendations include international simulation-based models for seismically active crustal regions, and models for stable regions. To approximate epistemological uncertainties, the selection process takes into account alternative representations of key GMPE attributes such as velocity attenuation over distance.

The proposed article provides a model of the thermodynamic properties of coal matter and coal methane. It is shown that methane in the Karaganda coal basin is present mainly in the form of a solid solution. It is necessary to energetically influence the solid solution of coal methane itself and bring it to destruction with the release of methane. It was found that due to the greater number of gas molecules or more volatile substances, the activation energy, on the contrary, decreases. It is shown that the lower the Gibbs energy of the carbohydrate, the lower the activation energy for the decomposition of methane coal. It was found that the activation energy is numerically equal to the molar mass of coal, the expression for which has been recently obtained. The final conclusion is that in order to extract methane from unloaded coal seams, where methane is in a solid solution state, it is necessary to supply energy to the coal seam in order to heat this seam to a temperature of 35ºС, when the methane is free. According to Kazakh researchers, the most effective way to heat coal is a method based on the action of a high-voltage electromagnetic field on a coal seam.

Mankind will always need metallic minerals. Despite of reduction of specific consumption, of increase both volumes of their reuse, and increase in strength qualities and wear resistance, of addition to metal alloys of synthetic materials, and also of transition to artificial atomic assembly of the necessary chemical elements from natural rocks and their constituent minerals and synthesis of metals from ocean water, offshore placers and bottom deposits in the future, extraction of ore from massif of earth crust will be the basic source of supply of demanded minerals. Based on these immutable postulates, we have made a comprehensive analysis of the existing geochemical patterns, the accumulation of mineral matter suitable for use as minerals. The origin of the planets of the Solar system with the condensation of the gas-dust cloud, which, in turn, as a result of adiabatic compression turned into planets of the Earth type and the asteroid belt with meteorites, was the reason for the same distribution of chemical elements in the Sun, in meteorites and in the Earth crust. We considered the anthropogenic-technical possibilities of mankind on the maximum depth of development of the continental part of the Earth's crust, the minimum industrial content (which will change over time towards reduction), the amount of minerals according to the clark in that part of the continental Earth's crust which is possible for industrial use with the objective restrictions, we determined the reserves of the demanded chemical elements. Calculations show their sufficiency for many years to come, but it will be the reserves in the deposits of a new type, created by objective geochemical regularities acting in nature, but not considered at present. Particular attention should be paid to the analytical generalization of mineral content at the micro- and nanoscale, which are currently not defined, being unaccounted reserves within well above the clark content at the minimum industrial level. The use of clarks and other geochemical patterns in the Earth's crust will require the creation of new analytical capabilities in exploration, new technological solutions for the extraction and processing of minerals from deposits of a new type, which are briefly described in the paper and are the subject of a more detailed and evidence-based description in the development of this article.

Heavy metals are among the most toxic pollutants in the environment. This paper presents data on contaminated soils with heavy metals of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The ways of their solution are proposed and characterized. Soil contamination with heavy metals is one of the urgent problems of geoecology, they will be transferred to the soil around the storage facility and pose a great threat to the ecosystem, agricultural system and human health. Several methods are already being used to clean the environment of these types of pollutants, but most of them are expensive and far from their optimal performance. The use of plants for cleaning the environment became an effective and cost-effective method only after hyperaccumulative plants were discovered, capable of accumulating up to 5% of nickel, zinc or copper in their tissues in terms of dry weight, that is, tens of times more than ordinary plants. The article provides an overview of phytoremediation technology as an improved method of soil purification. Different types of plants are considered as hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulating plants are found in different families and each of them plays an important role in phytoremediation. Since each of them is unique in its own way and each has its own response to the presence of heavy metals in the soil. The increased interest in this new technology is also explained by the fact that plants are hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, with high efficiency can be used on large areas. This property increases the efficiency of this technology and increases the demand.