To assess the condition of the structures of buildings and structures it is necessary to perform a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting their performance characteristics - concrete strength, thermal conductivity and humidity of concrete, frost resistance, and water resistance. However, with a variety of controllable parameters the control of concrete strength takes a special place because the main factor of structure condition estimation is the correspondence of actual concrete strength to the design requirements. The paper presented the basic methods of concrete strength control which are used while examining the constructions of buildings and structures. The results of the experiments comparing the data obtained by destructive, non-destructive, and alternative methods were investigated. A wireless sensor of concrete strength, produced in Kazakhstan, was used when carrying out the tests with the use of smart technology. And the graphical quantitative-qualitative method "web" used by the authors allowed to determine and identify the features of each method.

Дана характеристика отвальным медным шлакам, рассчитан их рациональный состав. Для эффективной переработки подобных шлаков предложено применение процесса выщелачивания растворами серной кислоты, не требующего затрат тепловой энергии извне, вследствие экзотермичности протекающих реакций. Выполнен расчет термодинамических характеристик реакций, возможных при выщелачивании отвальных медных шлаков растворами серной кислоты. Проведен анализ фазового равновесия процесса выщелачивания шлака при различных расходах серной кислоты, оценено влияние температуры на изменение состава фаз, построены диаграммы фазового равновесия. Выполнены исследования по сернокислотному выщелачиванию отвальных медных шлаков при комнатной температуре и при 80 °С. Выявлены проблемы сгущения и фильтрования пульпы после выщелачивания, связанные с образованием кремниевой кислоты.

The increasing demand for non-ferrous, precious, and rare metals necessitates more comprehensive and efficient use of mineral raw materials, such as gold-antimony ores and concentrates. A promising approach is the use of pyrometallurgical processing in a fluidized bed, which offers more efficient heat and mass transfer than conventional technologies. This study aims to investigate the evaporation kinetics of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) from gold-antimony ores and concentrates in a fluidized bed under various conditions. The experiments involved varying temperature (923-1223 K), particle size (0.09-2.0 mm), and layer thickness (5-15 mm) to determine the evaporation rate of Sb2S3. The experimental setup consisted of a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor equipped with a controlled gas flow of nitrogen mixed with sulfur vapor. The evaporation rates were measured using a gravimetric method and confirmed by X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis of samples. The results show that the evaporation rate of Sb2S3 in a fluidized bed is 7-9 times higher than in a fixed bed. This is due to significantly improved heat and mass transfer in the fluidized system. At 1023 K, the overall evaporation rate increased with decreasing grain size. This is associated with an increase in the total surface area of the material, but the specific evaporation rate normalized to unit surface area was independent of particle size. The process was not significantly affected by bed height in the range of 5-15 mm. Antimony recovery into sublimates improved by 2-3% compared to conventional technology. It reached 98-99% due to suppression of Sb2O5 formation. These findings confirm the efficiency of supplying an inert gas with sulfur vapors into the fluidized bed. This reduces harmful gas emissions and minimizes dust entrainment. It also allows for effective distillation of volatile components at lower temperatures.

The prerequisite for the research reflected in this article is the need to recycle industrial waste, such as silicon production waste – microsilica; ferroalloys production waste – refined ferrochrome slag (further – RFS); the next waste – coal-fired power plant fly ash, all these wastes can and should be used in the building materials industry. The dynamically developing construction industry requires the attention of scientists and the direction of their work to improve production technology. Thus, the article is devoted to research of influence of various small fillers (industrial wastes) available in Kazakhstan on self-compacting concrete mixes (SCC) and their rheological, physical and technical properties. By results of researches the most effective type of fine aggregate from industrial wastes, allowing to receive a high-quality SCC mix on the basis of local raw materials was revealed. The use of microsilica as compared to other industrial wastes resulted in a conglomerate with high compressive strength (SCC) at early hardening periods. In terms of economic efficiency and quality improvement, the results of the study are of practical value for manufacturers of ready-made self-compacting concrete mixtures operating in Kazakhstan

The article presents a comparative analysis of the strength calculations of pneumatic pipelines performed using the analytical method and numerical modeling in the APM WinMachine environment. The theoretical foundations of strength calculations of cylindrical shells are considered, analytical formulas and their practical application are given. The stresses and displacements of the pipeline under specified loads are determined based on numerical modeling. A review of scientific publications related to the strength analysis of pneumatic systems is performed, key calculation methods and their features are highlighted. It is shown that the use of APM WinMachine makes it possible to obtain more accurate results by taking into account geometry, boundary conditions and local stresses. The results obtained confirm the need for an integrated approach to the calculation of pipelines for strength in this area, and the results are also used in practice.

Весь мир нацелен на сокращение потребления угля, но несмотря на такую политику есть страны, где его потребление продолжает расти (Китай, Индия). Если растет потребление угля, то растет объем золошлаковых отходов (материалов), которые необходимо утилизировать, переработать с получение конечной продукции. В работе выполнен обзор по использованию и переработке золошлакоматериалов, и возможные направления утилизации: производство цемента, геополимера, в синтезе цеолитов, в разделении микросферы, в сельском хозяйстве, в мелиорации земель, в фиторемедиации, в качестве реагентов для очистки воды, в дорожном строительстве, при засыпке отработанных шахт. Физико-химическими методами анализа авторы подтвердили, что в основной состав золошлака входят SiO2 (65.9%) и Al2O3 (22.5%). Вывод – кремний и алюминий, содержащиеся в высокой концентрации, могут быть эффективным сырьем для строительных и геополимерных материалов, а также в производстве керамических изделий. Наличие Fe2O3 (5.54%) открывает возможности для её использования в каталитических процессах и производстве пигментов. Щелочная реакция водной вытяжки золы (pH = 9.25) хорошо коррелирует с химическим составом золошлака и подтверждает наличие активных щелочных компонентов в материале. Тем самым щелочная природа золы благоприятствует процессам геополимеризации и повышает реакционную способность материала при взаимодействии с кислыми активаторами. А незначительное присутствие TiO2 (1.11%) может способствовать улучшению механических характеристик материалов на основе золы.