Relevance: The global transition to electrification of transportation, aerospace, and industry is increasing the demand for efficient, lightweight, and heat-resistant electric motor systems. Advances in additive manufacturing (AM), especially in the field of metal-ceramic composites, are a breakthrough in the field of electric motor modernization. This study examines overcoming the limitations associated with polymer and aluminum structures by integrating metal-ceramic composites into brushless DC motors (BLDC). Objective: To evaluate the practical feasibility, thermal efficiency, and design advantages of 3D-printed metal-ceramic composites for DC motors under standard thermal and electromagnetic conditions. Methods: Three 500-watt motor designs were modeled in Autodesk Fusion 360: a polymer-based motor (PETG, ABS, PEEK via FDM), an engine with a metal-ceramic body based on ALO₃ and ceramic bearings, and a conventional aluminum motor. Each design provided 240 watts of power on 12 windings. Thermal loads, bearing friction, and magnetic fields were evaluated in the simulation. AM methods included SLS, DML, and SLM. Results: The temperature in the plastic engines reached 285.7 °C, in the aluminum engines-117.5 °C, and in the metal-ceramic version-89.9 °C. The composite engine has a thinner body and integrated cooling. Discussion and conclusions: The AM metal-ceramic coating provides excellent thermal control, structural strength and design freedom-an ideal solution for next-generation electric drive systems, despite the higher cost and complexity of processing. © National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2025.

The article presents the results of the functional zoning of the delta of transboundary river Syr Darya, which is located in an ecological disaster zone and is the only watercourse in modern conditions that supplies the remained part of Aral Sea. Under the conditions of global climate change, the territories of river deltas in arid regions are subject to active degradation processes, which are associated both with decrease of their water content and increase of anthropogenic impact. To determine the current condition of Syr Darya river delta landscapes, a component-by-component analysis of its main components was carried out. Based on the assessment of use of delta natural resource potential, the degradation processes associated with the types and intensity of anthropogenic impact in the conditions of arid climate were identified. The conducted studies formed the basis for the functional zoning of the territory of Syr Darya river delta, which is a spatial planning of sustainable land use and landscapes preservation. The developed scheme of functional zoning of Syr Darya River delta allowed to propose a number of measures with allocation of landscapes recommended for conservation, restoration, or sustainable use by the certain type of land use with the minimization of degradation processes. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerlan

The mineral–industrial mega complex (MIMC) in Kazakhstan is described. The place of the complex in the world mineral resources and reserves is shown, and the volumes of the main products of MIMC during the last years are given. The high-priority objectives of MIMC in modern conditions are highlighted. The mathematical models of mineral raw materials at each stage of mining and processing are given. On this basis, recommendations on integrated and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources are given. The technical and economic criteria are substantiated for selecting effective methods for extraction of rare earth metals (REM) from multi-component ores. It is shown that new technologies and equipment adaptable to natural and process properties of a raw material from a particular mineral object can provide high level of REM extraction in order to worthily represent MIMC in the world market of rare earth metals. © Rakishev B. R., 2024.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of soil pollution factors such as heavy metal ions with the incidence of cancer in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. Methods: Concentrations of heavy metal ions in the soils of different sites of Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan, were sampled and correlated with incidence of cancer in 2021. Results: Chromium content in the soil exceeded maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in the samples for all sites except Kazaly and Shieli, and the highest excess of 2.8 MPC was found in Terenozek. Content of copper, lead, and cobalt ions was also increased and varied in the range 1.9-15.4, 1.2-4, and 1.2-2.44 MPC, respectively. In addition, lung cancer incidence was statistically significantly correlated with soil concentration to MPC ratio of copper, cobalt, and lead; colorectal cancer was correlated with soil concentration of chromium. Cases of invasive cancer and mutations were recorded Terenozek and Kyzylorda areas. Conclusion: The higher the soil concentration correlate with higher cancer incidence in Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan. © (2024), This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License.

Bottom sediments play a crucial role in the environmental and agricultural management of freshwater reservoirs, acting as repositories for organic matter, chemical elements, and potential pollutants. This study investigates the chemical and granulometric composition of bottom sediments in the Verkhnetobolskoe and Karatomarskoe reservoirs in North Kazakhstan, focusing on the relationships between sediment particle sizes, organic matter, and heavy metal content. Sediment and water samples were collected during winter under ice-covered conditions using specialized sampling equipment and analyzed with advanced spectrometric and analytical methods. The study reveals significant correlations between fine-grained sediment fractions (<0.16mm) and the accumulation of organic matter and heavy metals, including cobalt, arsenic, and chromium, which exceeded permissible concentration limits. These findings underscore the ecological importance of fine sediment fractions as adsorptive sites for pollutants. The study concludes with methodological recommendations for sediment quality assessment and provides baseline data for environmental monitoring and agricultural planning in temperate freshwater ecosystems. © 2025, Unique Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.

The ab-initio investigations have been performed to comprehensively study the structural, electronic, phonon, thermodynamic and the hydrogen storage properties of Beryllium based cubic hydrides, BeXH3(X=In,Sn,Sb). The structural optimization was performed first to get the properties of the ground state such as lattice constant, bulk modulus, and its pressure derivative for three materials. The lattice constants are found to be 7.499 (a.u.), 7.599 (a.u.) and 7.622 (a.u.) for BeInH3, BeSnH3 and BeSbH3 respectively. The structure is also proved stable from formation energy and phonon calculations. The metallic nature of all hydrides is confirmed from the band structure and density of states. The fermi surfaces are plotted in 3D from the band which cuts the Fermi level. The thermodynamic parameters like specific heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, CP, CV, entropy (S), thermal expansion (α) coefficient, Debye temperature (ΘD), and Grüneisen (γ) parameter have also been investigated for against a range of pressure and temperature. The gravimetric (Cwt%) hydrogen storage capacity, volumetric (ρvol) hydrogen storage density and desorption (Tdes) temperature are also investigated. The Cwt% is, 2.33%, 2.26% and 2.21% for BeInH3, BeSnH3 and BeSbH3 respectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

This study presents a comprehensive 3D numerical analysis of thermal stratification, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer efficiency across six hot water storage tank configurations, identified as Tank-1 through Tank-6. The objective is to determine the most effective design for achieving uniform temperature distribution, stable stratification, and efficient heat retention in sensible heat storage systems, with potential for integration with phase change materials (PCMs). Using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6, simulations were conducted to evaluate key performance indicators, including the Richardson number, capacity ratio, and exergy efficiency. Among the tanks, Tank-1 demonstrated the highest efficiency, with a capacity ratio of 84.6% and an exergy efficiency of 72.5%, while Tank-3, which achieved a capacity ratio of 70.2% and exergy efficiency of 50.5%, was identified as the most practical for real-world applications due to its balanced heat distribution and feasibility for PCM integration. Calculated dimensionless numbers (Reynolds number: 635, Prandtl number: 4.5, and Peclet number: 2858) indicated laminar flow and dominant convective heat transfer across all the configurations. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of efficient thermal storage systems, with Tank-3’s configuration offering a practical balance of thermal performance and operational feasibility. Future work will explore the inclusion of PCM containers within Tank-3, as well as applications for heat pump and solar water heaters, and high-temperature heat storage with various working fluids. © 2024 by the authors.

The article investigates the problems of mine hazard prevention, identification and control. Acoustic emission signals are one of the important signs of the appearance of deformations in rocks that can cause accidents in mines. Acoustic emission signals are quite broadband in nature. The article considers the task of the possibility of using broadband nature of acoustic emission signals to localize areas in which acoustic signals are generated for early warning of an emerging danger. The results of modeling of the process of localization of hazardous areas are presented. The proposed method is based on the frequency dependence of acoustic signal attenuation in rocks. Moving away from the signal source, not only changes its intensity, but also its spectrum. By measuring the intensity of acoustic signals in several spectral bands and knowing the frequency dependence of signal attenuation, it is possible to calculate at what distance from the receiving points the signal source should be located so that its spectral components would be changed as they are observed at the receiving points. This allows to localize the signal source. It is shown that four signal reception points and intensity measurements in two spectral frequency bands are sufficient to apply the method. It is shown that the proposed method allows not only to determine the coordinates of the local area of fracture formation, but also to restore the spectral characteristics of acoustic emission signals in the area of their occurrence, which can provide information about the mechanism of formation and development of processes of rock destruction. © The Author(s) 2025.

This study primarily focuses on environmental concerns and protection by providing a beneficial use of waste biomass from crops and a low-cost polymer sponge to produce a low-cost and eco-friendly sorbent effective for oil-water separation. Research has indicated that waste wheat-derived biochar (BC), with a yield of 24.14 %, is predominantly composed of a graphite-like phase, featuring an advanced surface morphology and porous structure. This biochar can be combined with the hydrophobic agent polymethylsiloxane (PMS) to coat the melamine sponge, creating an effective sorbent for oil-water separation. The contact angle measurements indicate that once the sorbent surface is coated with BC and PMS, it becomes more hydrophobic, achieving a contact angle of approximately 135.23°. As the experimental study demonstrates, oil-contaminated water can be purified through a two-stage adsorption process with a chemisorption mechanism behind it, achieving total oil removal efficiencies of 99.13 % and 97.47 % from neutral and saline waters, respectively. The GC-MS analysis shows that while the first stage removes most non-polar and hydrophobic compounds, the second stage captures a higher proportion of moderately polar compounds. The impressive effectiveness of the relatively chemically, mechanically, and thermally stable PMS-BC-coated-MF-based sorbent in pre-purifying water from substantial oil contamination highlights its potential for addressing heavily polluted water sources. This finding reinforces the viability of sustainable approaches to oil spill remediation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

Introduction. The article presents the results of the research strategy for the development of mountainous territories of Kazakhstan. The study of the ossibilities of developing the energy system of mountainous territories is shown on the example of the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan). Materials and Methods. To study the energy efficiency indicators of enterprises in the manufacturing industry, Almaty Heavy Machinery Plant (AHMP) was selected as one of the largest machine-building enterprises in Almaty. Results. It is shown that in the conditions of supplying the water supply system with industrial water from mountain rivers, hydro turbines can be used. It was found that such hydro turbines can be placed in water supply pipelines of production shops. Discussion. An assessment was made that showed that the electricity generated by them can be used to power their own equipment, as well as to supply electricity to the general network. Conclusion. The obtained average efficiency of the hydro turbine of 39 % allows us to calculate the possible generation of electricity in real conditions up to 11 kW, while the declared capacity was 16 kW. Resume. If we consider the tasks of energy saving in production, we can confidently predict that the generation of electricity from the developed hydro turbine will reduce the total electricity consumed from the grid. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The mini-hydroelectric power station developed and presented in this work can be used in water supply systems of industrial enterprises located in mountainous regions. This system can contribute to increasing the energy efficiency of enterprises. In the future, it is planned to scale these mini-hydroelectric power stations and make smaller and larger units for use in larger and smaller enterprises. © 2024 North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, State Technological University. All rights reserved.