The paper proposes a new approach to measuring the quality of human capital in chemical (petrochemical) industry enterprises. At present, various qualitative and quantitative methods are presented in academic literature. However, measuring human capital quality in the case under consideration is complicated due to certain industry-specific features including difficulties in obtaining statistics. The methodology presented in this research is an assessment of human capital based on the weighted factors that have the strongest impact on the formation of enterprise personnel according to the authors and further comparison of final indicators with the quality rating table. Thus, the given technique has a comparative nature and can be applied to rank enterprises that operate in the industry analyzed in the study. In general, the theoretical part of the methodology may include n factors. Thus, to test the methodology, the factors mostly affecting human capital formation as well as available in terms of collecting the statistical data are considered. Those factors include: the share of internal R&D expenditures, the share of personnel who attended advanced training, the share of personnel with higher education, and the share of personnel with secondary vocational education. © 2023, Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite. All rights reserved.

Purpose of these studies is to study physical and chemical properties of ash and slag waste from coal combustion from Ekibastuz deposit in the CRPP-3 of Almaty city, to determine possibility of obtaining demanded building products from them. Methodology. To study phase composition and structure of ash and slag waste, methods of X-ray phase and differential thermal and chemical analyzes were used on the latest installations of leading countries. Results. Coal-fired power plants annually produce large volumes of ash and other byproducts of coal combustion. Although almost 50% of fly ash is disposed of in various areas of economy, most of the fly ash is disposed of in landfills. Ash contains hazardous leachable trace elements such as As, B, Cr, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr and V, which have a negative impact on environment due to potential leaching from acid rain and groundwater. Urgency and significance of this problem is intensified with fact that technogenic wastes of CRPP are not sufficiently processed, current ash wastes accumulate and occupy vast areas, which takes them out of land use. Utilization of ash dumps makes it possible to reduce the technogenic load on environment and ensure rational use of secondary raw materials. Possibility of obtaining agloporite from the ash of Ekibastuz coals used by thermal power station in Almaty has been studied. Chemical and granulometric composition of ash and slag was determined. Performed X-ray phase and differential thermal analysis. Analysis of chemical composition of the Ekibastuz ash gives idea of the composition of mineral substances of coal. Main constituents are oxides of silicon and aluminum, there is also a large amount of iron oxide. Knowledge of chemical composition of ash is necessary to decide whether it can be used to produce building materials. Obtaining demanded building materials from technogenic raw materials is an urgent task. Results of heat treatment in gradient furnace are presented. Conclusions are drawn about possibility of using ash and slag waste in construction industry. Thus, all studies have shown possibility of using ash and slag waste as a secondary raw material in order to reduce anthropogenic load on the environment. Novelty lies in practical implementation of obtaining agloporite gravel grade «600» using as a raw material ash dumps of CRPP-3 in Almaty, which is ash of Ekibastuz coal. Study results make possible to increase degree of complexity and environmental safety of development of technogenic waste — this is development of industrial and innovative power of state, respect for natural resources and the environment. Practical significance lies in fact that production of building products quickly pays off, does not require expensive installations, tools and equipment.

Study purpose is to monitor deformation processes of hydraulic structures. Object of the study is the Kapchagay hydroelectric power station (HPS), located in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research methodology-ensuring safe operation of such strategic and critical engineering structures is achieved by conducting geodetic monitoring using modern technologies (satellite technologies, electronic and laser devices). The required accuracy can be ensured by measuring elevations with automated high-precision tacheometers and observing several conditions. Research results. The article provides recommendations for improving methods of geodetic monitoring of deformation processes at the Kapchagai hydroelectric station. In this regard, improved methodology for carrying out geodetic work and using modern measuring instruments in it has been proposed. Monitoring was carried out using modern instruments, special attention was paid to use of high-precision trigonometric leveling. Scientific novelty. As a result of research work carried out, following were created and put into production:-diagram of the reference geodetic Kapchagai hydroelectric station;-developed geodetic reference point of forced centering, allowing to increase productivity and accuracy of observations. The novelty of the developed network and point design is confirmed by Patents and Certificates of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Practical significance lies in use of the research results in the dissertations of master and PhD students, in the educational process of the Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, and can also be used to increase level of industrial safety at other facilities and minimize risks caused by seismicity in the region. © 2024, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

Based on experiments and simulations, various plasma parameters are found to undergo a hysteresis as a function of the driving voltage amplitude in capacitively coupled CF4 discharges. Phase Resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopy reveals that the discharge operates in a hybrid combination of the drift-ambipolar and α-mode at low voltage. In this mode, the electric field and mean electron energy are high in the electronegative plasma bulk region. As the cross section for electron attachment is appreciable only at high electron energies, this mode results in strong negative ion production and keeps the electron density low as well as the mode of plasma operation stable, when the voltage is increased moderately. Increasing the driving voltage amplitude further ultimately induces a mode transition into a pure α-mode, once the electron density increases strongly. Decreasing the voltage again results in a reverse mode transition at a lower voltage compared to the previous mode transition, because the electron density is now initially high in the bulk and, thus, the bulk electric field and mean electron energy are low resulting in inefficient generation of negative ions via electron attachment. This keeps the electron density high even at lower driving voltages. This effect leads to the emergence of two steady states of plasma operation within a certain voltage range. The different electron energy distribution functions in these two states result in markedly different generation and density profiles of F atoms, with higher values occurring in the increasing voltage branch of the hysteresis. The ion flux and mean energy at the electrodes also differ. The voltage range, where the hysteresis occurs, is affected by the ion induced secondary electron coefficient (γ). A larger value of γ results in a shift of the hysteresis voltage range towards lower values. © 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Central Asia is among the most heavily affected regions worldwide by climate change and water shortages. Impacts include changes in precipitation patterns, more frequent temperature extremes and increased aridity causing a negative impact on agricultural production, food availability, and environmental security. To combat this threat, it is important to enhance information literacy among all water users. This can be done through awareness campaigns, blended learning by providing the proper Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs and utilizing all available facilities. This will address relevant issues, such as miscommunication, complexities of transboundary water sharing issues, overexploitation of water resources, and poor flood-drought mitigation techniques. Proper and user-friendly lifelong blended learning for scientific information dissemination focusing water issues can provide stronger support to increase awareness among water users and decision policy makers. Worldwide, especially in North America and Australia, information literacy campaigns have proven successful. This strategy can be replicated in the Mountainous Kyrgyz-Kazakh Chu-Talas transboundary river basin. The issues concerning the Mountainous Kyrgyz-Kazakh Chu-Talas transboundary river basin is elaborated and compared with Australian, Canadian, and US river basin management programs. The foresight analysis is presented, as to what would be a rationale to improve water resources more sustainably in Central Asia. Methodologies, programs, technologies, communities-based river basin committees, snow-water collection with agroforestry, and basin-based water market opportunities were analyzed to assess potential applications in Central Asia region. © 2024 by author(s).

The research aimed to investigate the impact of Augmented Reality (AR) supported teaching activities on pupils’ academic success and motivation to learn physics, and their attitudes towards AR applications. The study focused on the “Nuclear Physics” unit in high school physics courses and employed the “Solomon Four Group Model” to control both internal and external validity. The study involved 120 pupils from two different schools, with two experimental and two control groups randomly assigned. First experimental group and first control groups completed pre-test and post-test assessments, while the second experimental group and second control groups only completed the post-test. Over a nine-week period, the experimental groups were taught using mobile AR applications, while the control groups followed the curriculum’s planned activities. The data collection tools included the “Nuclear Physics Success Test” and the “Pupils’ Motivation to Physics Learning” scale. Novelty of the research is about comparing and contrasting virtual laboratory learning environments with augmented reality learning environments. The research findings indicated that teaching with AR applications had a significant impact on pupils’ academic success to learning physics. This suggests that teaching with AR applications is an effective educational approach to enhancing physics education among 11th-grade pupils. Despite the fact that virtual laboratories and augmented reality are both innovative technologies with the potential to enhance learning experiences, experimental research suggests augmented reality is more effective in developing pupils’ critical thinking skills in high school physics lessons than virtual laboratories

This paper presents an integrated approach to improve the efficiency of a closed-type wind turbine. The influence of the confuser’s angle of attack on the wind speed in the turbine blades located area has been studied. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the installation was created using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The contours of speeds and pressures were studied at different wind speeds, as well as under different confuser parameters. Based on the results of the study, a recommendation for the optimal angle of attack of the confuser was made for constructing a closed-type wind turbine, and MXene-based nanomaterials were considered for use in icing prevention systems. © The Author(s) 2025

Agricultural areas are extremely challenging as an object of administrative influence. The problems existing in agricultural areas cannot be overcome without research, the results of which can help managers to make effective decisions. The study aims to analyze the development of ecosystem stability as an instrument for managing agricultural territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Through the methods of focus groups and expert survey, the study identifies the key directions of activity to improve ecosystem stability as a tool for managing agricultural territories in Kazakhstan. The authors conclude that the problems of agricultural territory management require direct intervention of the state through the application of various instruments promoting the stability of the ecosystem of agricultural lands. Several directions of work are recommended to be developed to overcome the identified problems. First, the application of the ecosystem approach to the development of stability of agricultural land in Kazakhstan must focus on strengthening the system of innovative development and the management of effective integration of rural areas. The second recommendation suggests the improvement of land and water use based on the ecological-landscape approach. The third direction is the improvement of the quality of life in agricultural territories through better provision of public goods and basic services to the rural population. Furthermore, the regulatory influence of the state should extend not only to the economic sphere, but also to the adjacent spheres of human activity and the use of natural resources.

Over the past two centuries, photocatalysis—the use of light to accelerate chemical reactions—has undergone substantial development. This multidisciplinary field, which is especially thriving with advances in nanotechnology, combines photochemistry, catalysis, and semiconductor physics. Calcium ferrite's low band gap and strong activity underneath sunlight make it a suitable for photocatalytic applications. The effectiveness of calcium ferrites and the related photocatalysts in organic pollution remediation, synthetic techniques, and their photocatalytic characteristics, including the processes governing their activity, are all covered in this paper. Numerous synthesis methods have been explained, including sol-gel, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal processes. The optical and structural characteristics have been examined using characterization methods like as UV–Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The review demonstrates calcium ferrites' potential in environmental remediation technologies by highlighting how well it breaks down organic contaminants in water purification and, at the end, the challenges and future outlooks have been mentioned.

Due to the side effects of greenhouse gases, interest in alternative energy sources is growing, and research into hydrogen (Н2) production from cyanobacteria has become a promising direction for the industry. The article provides an overview of cyanobacterial hydrogen production strategies and their current economic efficiency. It also describes metabolic, genetic and technical methods for obtaining H2 from cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are considered potential producers of hydrogen energy that will be economically viable shortly, as they only need cheap salts, water and solar energy to grow. However, producing hydrogen from cyanobacteria still requires extensive work, and the main problem is the small amount of hydrogen energy obtained. To produce large amounts of cyanobacterial hydrogen, the most active wild-type strains must be selected and technological, modular and genetic research must be carried out simultaneously. The low energy efficiency of hydrogen from cyanobacteria also shows the need for comprehensive research through international programs. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC