Insignificant in general value of surface water resources, cross-border nature of major rivers, their almost complete exposure to impacts of technogenesis processes have predetermined wide use of fresh groundwater supply in Kazakhstan. Study of the groundwater resources demand engaging of large volumes of hydrogeological materials and data from related areas of expertise. Their accumulation and analysis were carried out within the frameworks of the unified geoinformation system of resources and reserves of fresh groundwater of the Kazakhstan Republic and allows systematizing and analyzing of data about groundwater resources, quality and its using. The system’s structure was development with account to interconnection of groundwater with all components of natural and man-made environment. Key information blocks distinguished in the system are the following: general information about hydrogeological object and environment; data of groundwater monitoring; fresh groundwater resources and reserves; groundwater deposits; man-made facilities; groundwater pollution; groundwater protection; availability of fresh groundwater resources. All data are accommodated in graphic, semantic and documental database. Semantic data is presented in tabular form and represents attributive information for graphics objects comprising cartographical documents. The system was created in ArcGIS environment. Data entered into the system was used for generating thematic maps of fresh groundwater resources, as well as for calculating various characteristics of groundwater, areas with certain sets of parameters etc. Operation of the information system demonstrates by the example of territory of West Kazakhstan.

In this work, a computer simulation of the optical and electrical properties of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) back-contact (BC) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is presented. An experimental MSM BC PSC reported in the literature is taken as a basis for the computer simulation experiments. The thickness of the perovskite layer and its charge carrier diffusion lengths in MSM BC PSCs are varied to obtain devices with the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE).

In recent years, the growing demand for efficient voltage boosting solutions has been driven by advancements in renewable energy systems, electric vehicles (EVs), and photovoltaic (PV) arrays. However, conventional magnetic-based inverters remain bulky and inefficient for compact, high-performance applications, limiting their use in emerging technologies. To address this, the objective of this study is to develop a compact, single-source switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (SC-MLI) topology that achieves high voltage gain with minimal component count. The proposed 13-level SC-MLI employs a novel switched-capacitor structure and is evaluated under Natural Level Control (NLC) and Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) schemes. Theoretical analysis, MATLAB/Simulink simulations, and experimental validation on a 100–1000 W prototype are carried out, along with thermal modeling in PLECS. The results show that the topology achieves a voltage gain of 3, maintains capacitor self-balancing without auxiliary circuits, and reaches a peak efficiency of 97.2% (simulation) and 95.3% (experiment). Moreover, it meets harmonic standards, reduces total harmonic distortion (THD), and outperforms recent single-source designs in terms of accuracy, cost, and control simplicity. This makes the proposed topology highly suitable for grid-connected PV systems, electric vehicle chargers, and compact renewable energy interfaces, with theoretical scalability toward medium- and high-power applications.

Suicides and suicidal behaviors are complex disorders with diverse symptoms, often lacking clear etiology, especially in spontaneous or childhood cases. This complicates timely diagnosis, therapy, and treatment. As a result, research into markers for depression and suicidal behavior continues. The use of artificial intelligence represents a significant advancement in suicide prevention, offering new tools for early detection and intervention to improve outcomes for at-risk individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 726,000 people commit suicide, not counting the much larger number of people who attempt suicide each year. Suicides occur throughout life, but in 2021 they became one of the leading causes of death among 15-29 year-olds worldwide. This problem is also relevant in Kazakhstan, and this article is the first to reflect an interdisciplinary approach to suicide prevention among minors using AI methods in application to scientific data obtained in the study of respondents with suicidal behavior. Suicide is a significant public health issue with profound societal impacts. Its effects extend beyond the loss of life, leading to emotional suffering for families and loved ones, and economic losses from reduced productivity and increased healthcare costs. For each suicide, there are over 30 attempted suicides, compounding the social and economic burden. The repercussions affect countless individuals, both directly and indirectly, leaving long-lasting emotional and financial strain. Additionally, the economic impact includes treatment costs for psychosomatic and mental disorders in those left behind, highlighting the extensive and multifaceted consequences of suicidal behavior.

The aim of the study was to identify and analyse the potential role of the relationship between ground surveys and remote sensing in creating a comprehensive view of changes in the surface state of soil salts under different weather conditions. An experimental method was used in the process of realizing the study. In the course of the study, the possibilities of joint ground and satellite observations for remote sensing of saline soils of south-eastern Kazakhstan were analysed. The experimental method was used to study meadow solonchaks and strongly solonchak meadow-serozems located within Enbekshikazakh district of Almaty region, as well as salt composition of soil under soybean and maize crops on the territory of Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) “Baiserke-Agro” in Talgar district of Almaty region. World tendencies of modern remote sensing of the Earth (RS) are analysed. Satellite information requirements specific to the industry under study have been considered. It is determined that information support of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development is carried out through the organization of remote monitoring of mandatory and specific indicators of territories, and remote sensing of soils is positioned as an integral element of the monitoring system. The peculiarities of the process of joint use of ground and satellite observations are revealed. The prospectivity of the proposed concept on creation of variability of using the potential of joint ground and satellite observations for remote sensing of saline soils of south-eastern Kazakhstan is proved. Innovative conceptualization of the studied strategy is defined, which shows essential efficiency, being positioned at the same time economically expedient. The new vision of formation of an effective system of soil sensing is stated. © 2024 Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences and Green Asia Strategy. All rights reserved.

The article deals with the essential regularities of form making in architecture. The authors outline two logics of aesthetic organisa- tion of visual material. One logic goes from inside to outside – from the internal structure of the object to its external form as a system of information expression of the functional and planning organi- sation and structure; the other logic goes from outside – from the artistic and figurative solution for the architectural environment of the town-planning complex to the building, to its tectonics and geo- metric form. The analysis of modern architectural practice gives the authors an idea that the true architectural form should be sought beyond the styles and that extra-architectural associations today may be much more fruitful than turning to the trendiest styles.

Groundwater flooding might be triggered by disregarding hydrogeological processes during urban area development. Such flooding might result in public disruption, engineering infrastructure destruction, and general damage to natural and human environments, as in the northern part of Almaty city. A MODFLOW groundwater flow model was used to simulate and quantitatively assess the changes in hydrogeological conditions affecting the groundwater flooding process. A field study of the Akbulak micro-district research site showed that groundwater flooding occurred in its center owing to a water table hillock with a total area of 0.07 km2 and groundwater levels ranging from 1.2 to 0.25 m below the ground surface. The MODFLOW simulation suggested that this water table hillock developed from runoff, which, owing to a decrease in natural infiltration across an urbanized area, accumulated in low-elevation areas and infiltrated. This runoff accumulation effect may be up to eight times the annual average precipitation amount. Once in local sub-basins, larger runoff volume infiltrates into an underlying aquifer water table that is already high, might cause groundwater flooding in populated areas. The Almaty scenario simulation confirmed the field observations, suggesting that the clogging of the Karasu-type stream has concentrated runoff to low-elevation areas and is the leading cause of flooding. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Flood Risk Management published by Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This article presents the results of a thermodynamic analysis of the oxidation soda conversion reactions of minerals in ilmenite concentrates in the temperature range of 373–2273 K. The thermodynamic parameters of pseudorutile, pseudobrukite, and the new minerals, zhikinite and spessartine, were calculated for the first time. It has been established that the most important criterion relating to the stability of titanium minerals and related elements, as well as the reaction properties of the structural oxides of metals and silicon, is their degree of oxidation. Oxides of silicon (IV) and manganese have the best reactivity in solid-phase oxidizing alkaline environments (VI). Modeling this process scientifically substantiates the mechanism involved in the destruction of minerals in ilmenite concentrates in the low-temperature region in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and sodium oxide of soda ash, which are decomposed through the absorption of heat and the evaporation of moisture during the dehydration of hydrated minerals of iron and manganese and the dehydration of the soda–ilmenite batch. Tests conducted during pilot metallurgical production at the Institute of Metallurgy and Enrichment (PMP of JSC) confirmed the feasibility of processing high-chromium and siliceous rutile leucoxene ilmenite concentrates, which are unsuitable for traditional pyro- and hydro-metallurgical enrichment methods, through single-stage oxidation soda roasting, followed by the leaching of easily soluble sodium salts of iron and associated impurities with water and a dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The proposed energy-saving method ensures the production of high-purity (>98%) synthetic rutile while eliminating the formation of strong deposits on the lining of roasting units.

This review highlights advancements in ethylene removal technologies tailored for fruit and vegetable (F&V) preservation, with a focus on physical adsorption and chemical elimination methods. Conventional approaches, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), are limited by toxicity concerns, declining efficiency, and potential fruit disorders. Emerging alternatives, particularly catalytic oxidation using metal oxide catalysts like TiO₂, offer efficient ethylene degradation into non-toxic byproducts. Incorporating these catalysts with porous materials, such as zeolites, enhances ethylene adsorption while providing multifunctional benefits, including antibacterial activity. In addition to discussing the materials of the adsorbents, their binding mechanisms (such as van der Waals forces and π-complexation) were also studied. Future research directions include improving cost-efficiency, optimizing material performance for practical applications, and ensuring food safety in packaging systems. These advancements represent a sustainable strategy to extend the shelf life of F&V in the postharvest supply chain. © 2025

To conduct a qualitative and quantitative assessment of surface waters in the catchment areas of the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River, research bases have been created for the hydrological posts of Shardara, Kyzylorda and Kazaly based on the annual report «Aral-Syrdarya Basin Inspectorate for the Rational Use and Protection of Water Resources» of the Water Resources Committee Ministry of Geology, Ecology and natural resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 1996–2020 and used integral hydrochemical indicators of the water pollution index, the coefficient of maximum water pollution, the coefficient of maximum permissible water pollution and the Shannon trophic index, taking into account the regulatory criteria for maximum permissible concentrations for fisheries water use. The obtained results show that in modern conditions of the catchment areas of the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River, despite the quantitative indicators of water quality for all indicators, it has a negative trend, does not meet regulatory requirements, since pollution varies from the level from «polluted» to «moderately polluted», in general, not suitable for drinking water supply, and the ecological situation changes from «eutrophic» to «mesotrophic», indicating, as a rule, the degree of influence of anthropogenic activity is within the limits of uncontrolled and unaccounted for consequences (deterioration in the quality of water and land resources, as well as agricultural products)., which has become the reason for the impossibility of fulfilling the environment-forming and ecological functions of the surface waters of river basins. © National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2023.