The object of the study is Manufacturing Execution System. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the metallurgical industry has been demonstrating a high level of volatility in the global market over the past few years. The issue of the effectiveness of the metallurgical enterprise is directly related to ensuring environmental safety. The purpose of the study is to consider how the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) operates in the metallurgical industry and highlight its features, offering recommendations aimed at improving operational efficiency with the introduction of MES systems at enterprises of the metallurgical industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphical representation of data. Using the example of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the study examined the relationship between MES and APCS (Automated Process Control System), highlighted the requirements for the transition from individual management of particular cases of technological rules and restrictions to the digitization of general algorithms. It was defined that the advantages of a production system include its fast payback. Also, it was determined that the MES system allows automating production operations and information support, carrying out operational planning, accounting for production and quality of metal products, tracking the history of each product, managing equipment, and analyzing performance. In addition, the recommendations that can be used as a basis for creating an enterprise development program, increasing the level of productivity, therefore, reducing the cost of the enterprise’s products, were developed

Global climate change poses a serious threat to agriculture, with heat and drought stress often occurring simultaneously and severely impacting crop productivity. As post-transcriptional regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate plant responses to these adverse conditions by targeting genes involved in antioxidant defense, growth, development, and hormonal signaling. However, research on miRNA roles under combined drought and heat stress is still limited compared to individual stress studies. Additionally, stress-, cultivar-, and tissue-specific expression patterns of miRNAs, along with discrepancies between controlled laboratory conditions and natural environments, complicate the development of broadly applicable miRNA-based strategies. This review explores recent advancements in understanding miRNA target genes and their functions, highlighting the need for innovative, sustainable solutions for crop improvement. © 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.

This study investigates the influence of various fillers and curing conditions on the strength development of foam concrete. It was found that conventional sand-based mixtures fail to achieve the required strength under both steaming and natural hardening conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that substituting sand with activated hydraulic ash, particularly when combined with a hardening accelerator, significantly improves the strength of non-autoclaved cellular concrete. The research also examines the effect of ash with different grinding fineness on the physical and mechanical properties of both autoclaved and non-autoclaved foam concrete. Since autoclaved curing ensures complete hydration, a comparative analysis was conducted using samples cured under atmospheric pressure in a steam chamber at 90 °C and those treated in an autoclave at 167 °C and 0.8 MPa. This approach enabled the identification of strength variations related to the content and reactivity of silicon dioxide in the ash. The novelty of this research lies in demonstrating the practical efficiency of using activated hydraulic removal ash combined with a chemical hardening accelerator to produce non-autoclaved cellular concrete with acceptable strength characteristics. The methodology emphasizes the comparative evaluation of identically composed mixtures subjected to different curing regimes, offering valuable insights into optimizing material composition and processing for sustainable and energy-efficient foam concrete production.

Underground mining of minerals is accompanied by a change in the rock mass geomechanical situation. This leads to the redistribution of stresses in it and the occurrence of unexpected displacements and deformations of the earth's surface. A significant part of the civil and industrial infrastructure facilities are located within the mine sites, where mining and tunneling operations are constantly conducted. Irrational planning of mining operations can lead to loss of stability and destruction of undermined facilities. Therefore, it is important to study the earth’s surface deformation processes during mining operations, which ensures safe and sustainable operating conditions. The research objective of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of a natural gas pipeline under the influence of underground mining activities, with a particular focus on understanding the effects of horizontal surface deformations and their potential impact on pipeline safety and structural integrity. Its performance and safety are determined on the basis of the found parameters of the earth's surface horizontal deformations and their comparison with permissible parameters characterizing the conditions for laying pipelines, depending on the mining-geological conditions and the degree of their undermining. Based on determined conditions for the safe undermining of the natural gas pipeline, it has been revealed that in its section between the PK212+40 and PK213+80 (140 m) pickets, the estimated parameters of the earth's surface horizontal deformations exceed their permissible values. This can cause deformation and damage to the pipeline. For the safe operation of the pipeline during the period of its undermining, in order to eliminate the hazardous impact of mining the longwall face, additional protection measures must be applied. It is therefore recommended that the gas pipeline between the PK212 and PK214+20 pickets be opened prior to the displacement process (200 m from the stoping face), thus reducing the density of the gas pipeline-soil system. Recommendations for controlling the earth’s surface deformations within the natural gas pipeline route are also proposed, which will ensure premature detection of the negative impact of mining operations. © 2023, The Author(s).

In this paper, a digital twin of the network of heating systems for smart cities is developed using the example of the city of Almaty. The study used machine learning algorithms to estimate future thermal energy consumption and develop thermodynamic formulas. This work offers a thorough and in-depth analysis of thermal energy consumption. In addition, the paper identifies the relationship between thermal energy consumption and ambient temperature, and wind uncertainty in certain urban areas using machine learning methods to predict thermal energy consumption. Using both training and regression models, this interdependence is revealed. The obtained forecasts provide useful information for studying the structure of heat consumption in Almaty and reducing heat losses by reducing overheating in the zones of heating networks. In addition, the study analyzes high-resolution spatial data collected from 385 homes and 62 heat transfer circuits located throughout the city during the heating season. The study examines the degree of relationship between the ambient temperature and the amount of heat energy used in the areas of Astana. A minor impact of wind speed is also estimated. These discoveries allow us to use machine learning algorithms to find the location of hot spots and inefficient zones with high losses. © 2024 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

The article provides a scientific analysis of the methods of creating electrolytes in international patent offices, scientometric databases in order to determine the optimal composition of the vanadium electrolyte composition with the ability to control the main parameters of electrolytic effects and the redox potential of vanadium compounds, to compile the basic material for creating the composition of electrolytes in energy-intensive storage, since energy–intensive storage with low cost is an actual material at the moment, in energy-saving technologies and energy issues of the industry. The methodological and theoretical basis of the research is the work of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the development of composite materials based on vanadium oxide materials and is based on elements of system analysis and modern generally accepted scientific methods, the choice of types and methods of evaluation.The forms of vanadium polynuclearity and kinetic characteristics of mutual transformations of vanadium ionic forms based on the charge transfer to the surface of a suspended polymer particle of vanadium-oxygen framework are studied. The processes of formation of the polynuclear forms of vanadium and the vanadium-oxygen framework are investigated, as well as the regularities and the relationship between the structure of the polynuclear ionic forms in solution are studied and the redox potential between vanadium ions with four possible degrees of oxidation, characterized by a variety of vanadium structures, is determined. Isomorphic substances consisting of trivalent vanadium, which are crosslinked into a vanadium oxygen framework, and are characterized by high resistance and strength of structures, have been identified. The results of the scientific analysis of the production of energy-intensive electrolytes based on vanadium oxide contribute to the disclosure of the practical potential of the use of vanadium electrolytes used in the production of batteries.

The presence of burrs on parts is not allowed in high-tech industries; there is a tendency to improve accuracy and quality and to reduce overall dimensions. A high proportion of operations are aimed at removing burrs in the labor intensity of release. Thermal pulse deburring machines are being developed and are applicable for deburring small-sized high-precision parts while providing additional processing conditions. A significant part of the electronic component base—coaxial radio components—is produced from beryllium bronze and the 29 NK alloy. It is not possible to prevent burr formation when cutting these materials. The conditions for deburring by the thermal pulse method are established in compliance with the requirements for deviations in the geometry of parts, for surface roughness and for ensuring maximum processing performance. These are restrictions on the thickness of the burr root, a variant of the arrangement of parts in the chamber of thermal impulse installation, which ensures the prevention of damage to parts during processing. Additionally, it provides access to a combustible mixture of all the surfaces of the parts; there is also a pressure value of the combustible mixture, depending on the characteristics of the thermal pulse installation, the total area of the treated surface, and the thermal conductivity of the materials for workpieces. © 2022 by the authors.

The SnLi alloy has good prospects to be used as a material of intra-chamber elements of fusion facilities, as it has a number of advantages over pure lithium. The results of a series of experiments on deuterium adsorption/desorption by a Sn73Li27 alloy sample are presented. To prepare an alloy sample with the required tin and lithium content, a technique was developed and a special experimental device was constructed. An ampoule device was manufactured to conduct a series of experiments to study sample saturation with deuterium and desorption of deuterium and deuterium-containing molecules from it. Saturation was carried out at alloy temperatures of 650, 600, 550, 500 and 450 °C. TDS experiments were carried out at 20 °C/min. The possible mechanism of deuterium dissolution and release from the tin-lithium alloy was considered and temperature dependences of the effective deuterium solubility constant KS in the tin-lithium alloy were calculated within the framework of the proposed mechanism. The temperature dependence of the Sieverts’ constant for the test sample in the temperature range of 500–650 °C was determined as [Formula presented] © 2024 The Author(s)

In this study, we explore the applicability of computational intelligence approaches i. e., genetic algorithms (GA) to enhance material performance. Central to these methodologies is processes optimization and data-driven models development. In particular, our work gives a detailed overview of the state-of-the-art of materials development through innovative usage of computational intelligence (CI) methods to help them in materials innovation and exploration. In particular, the approach of the study provides a data-driven guide toward desirable properties for AZ61 magnesium alloy. A metaheuristics optimization tool, GA, is used with linear regression to estimate the optimal rolling process parameters.

The use of enterosorbents—materials which can be administered orally and eliminate toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by sorption—offers an attractive complementary protection of humans against acute and chronic poisoning. In this study, we report the results of developing a microgranulated binary biomedical preparation for oral use. It was designed with a core-shell structure based on pectin with low degree of esterification as the core, and nanoporous activated carbon produced from rice husk, AC-RH, as the shell, designated as AC-RH@pectin. The adsorption properties of the synthesized materials were studied in aqueous solutions for the removal of lead (II) nitrate as a representative of toxic polyvalent metals and sodium diclofenac as an example of a medicinal drug. The composite enterosorbent demonstrated high adsorption capacity for both adsorbates studied. Adsorption kinetics of lead and diclofenac adsorption by AC-RH, pectin, and AC-RH@pectin, fitted well a pseudo-second-order model. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, the best fitted isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity, qmax, of AC-RH@pectin for diclofenac and for lead (II) was 130.9 mg/g and 227.8 mg/g, respectively. Although qmax of AC-RH for diclofenac, 537.6 mg/g, and qmax of pectin for lead (II), 245.7 mg/g, were higher, the maximum adsorption capacity of AC-RH for lead (II), 52.7 mg/g, was much lower than that of the composite AC-RH@pectin and the adsorption capacity of pectin for diclofenac was negligible. Therefore, the composite material AC-RH@pectin demonstrated substantial efficiency of removing both species which potentially defines it as a more universal enterosorbent suitable for treating poisoning caused by substances of different chemical nature. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.