In this study, an enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods synthesized by the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate is presented. The suggested approach ensures simplicity, environmental friendliness, and scalability of the process without the use of an autoclave or high pressure. The morphology and structure of the samples are studied using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, PL, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It is found that heat treatment at 450 °C increases the degree of crystallinity, increases the size of crystallites, and reduces the concentration of surface defects, which leads to improved optical and electrochemical characteristics of the material. Beyond conventional sensitivity metrics, our study demonstrates that the selective detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) can be achieved by controlling the applied potential on a single ZnO electrode, an approach that leverages differences in redox energetics and surface interaction dynamics rather than complex surface functionalization. It is shown in this work that the synthesized ZnO samples subjected to heat treatment in air at 450 °C exhibit high sensitivity to ascorbic acid (9951.87 μA·mM−1·cm−2; LoD = 1.11 μM) at a potential of 0.2 V and to uric acid (5762.48 μA·mM−1·cm−2; LoD = 1.71 μM) in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7) at a potential of 0.4 V with a linear range of 3 mM, offering a way to create simplified multicomponent electrochemical biosensors based on potential-controlled selectivity.

Currently, significant progress is being made in the prevention, treatment and prognosis of many types of cancer, using biological markers to assess current physiological processes in the body, including risk assessment, differential diagnosis, screening, treatment determination and monitoring of disease progression. The interaction of protein coding gene CD44 with the corresponding ligands promotes the processes of invasion and migration in metastases. The study of new and rapid methods for the quantitative determination of the CD44 protein is essential for timely diagnosis and therapy. Current methods for detecting this protein use labeled assay reagents and are time consuming. In this paper, a fiber-optic biosensor with a spherical tip coated with a thin layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) with a thickness of 100 nm, deposited using a low-cost sol–gel method, is developed to measure the CD44 protein in the range from 100 aM to 100 nM. This sensor is easy to manufacture, has a good response to the protein change with detection limit of 0.8 fM, and has high sensitivity to the changes in the refractive index (RI) of the environment. In addition, this work demonstrates the possibility of achieving sensor regeneration without damage to the functionalized surface. The sensitivity of the obtained sensor was tested in relation to the concentration of the control protein, as well as without antibodies—CD44.

An overview of the composition of wolframite ores of the Akchatau deposit and the technologies for processing concentrates using NaOH and Na2CO3 by hydro- and pyrometallurgical methods is given, and the disadvantages associated with both the technology and the equipment are noted. To develop a technology for processing Akchatau wolframite concentrates, samples of ore materials were taken, the chemical and mineralogical composition of the samples was studied, and enrichment was carried out to obtain rich concentrates. The kinetics of the sintering of the wolframite concentrate with soda was investigated, the dependences of the degree of transformation of the tungsten minerals into sodium tungstate were obtained, and the rate constants, the order of the reaction, and the values of the apparent activation energy were calculated. The results of sintering an enlarged sample of wolframite concentrate with soda in a muffle furnace are presented. After the subsequent leaching, studies were carried out to purify the obtained solutions of sodium tungstate from the impurities while eliminating the operations of the neutralizing solutions through the use of electrodialysis with an MK-40 cation-exchange membrane. The scheme of processing the wolframite ores of Akchatau is proposed.

In the economic sphere, they envisage the creation of their own production facilities to produce fibrous semi–finished products - cellulose and its derivatives based on the wood of various hardwoods from the Central Asian region, whose plantations expand every year. Great attention should be paid to rice and wheat straw. Given that rice straw is not used as feed in animal husbandry and is simply burned, thus damaging the ecology of the country, we consider it necessary to carry out scientific work on the production of semi-finished modified fibrous products from local annual cellulose-containing plants. Waste generated by cutting poplar in the form of branches, sawdust, shavings, etc. can also serve as an additional source of raw wood materials to produce cellulose.

The use of the yurt dates to the 3rd millennium B.C. It was mentioned by the “Father of History” Herodotus, as well as by famous travellers Zemarh, Plano Carpini, Guillaume Rubruk, Ibn-Batuta and many others. The making of yurta and dombra was included in the representative list of non-material historical possessions of people. Today, there is a renewed interest in the construction of yurt dome structures suitable for the modern world. However, the techniques of doing them are not well known. In this context, this research examines the techniques of making dome structures for modern use by the structural mechanic method through the architectonics and design of central cyclic yurts. It explores the structural principles conceptualized and presents the ways to do so. It involves a two-story version of the yurt as a novel design. For instance, the yurt’s second floor’s primary structural components have been upgraded. The solution proposed allows to lower the dome of the yurt up to 0.8 m in winter. However, when it is cold and in case of expected strong steppe winds, the total diameter of the yurt remains the same. The number of uyks has also been reduced by the reduction of the length of two uyks out of three located next to each other, i.e., short side uyks are hinged to the main uyks located between kerege and shanyrak. This solution provides an economy of materials and creates space for the anchors during the movement of the shanyrak.

Highways are one of the main elements of the infrastructure and economy of any state. It is well known that the state and level of development of the country's highways directly affect the main economic indicators – the gross national product, the price level, budget revenues, the level of employment, and others. When developing multicomponent binders, as a rule, a systematic approach is used. New binders are considered complex systems consisting of subsystems or elements, each performing its functions. The elements in the system are not isolated from each other but grouped in such a way as to ensure the practicality of the entire system. It should be noted that any changes in a single element or replacing one element with another usually lead to a change in the properties of the entire system. The elements of the system are interconnected, and the more versatile the connections, the more effective the system is. The researcher's task is to correctly select the elements of the system, considering their properties and contribution to the system's overall structure. Of all types of metallurgical slags, blast furnace slags are the most widely used in the production of building materials due to their leading position in the overall balance, their ability to acquire hydraulic properties during rapid cooling, and others.

In this study, the retention substance bentonite was used in the preparation of a mesoporous silica nanocatalyst. The analysis of sorbents from the sorption isotherm study and the results obtained were summarized. Also discussed are the chemical composition of bentonite from the Navbahor deposit, the types of sorbent isotherms obtained by the adsorption of various gases on sorbents, descriptions of sorbent isotherms in mesoporous sorbents, the phase composition of sorbent samples synthesized from textures, and the physic-chemical characteristics of the X-ray diffractometric catalyst, and the dependence of the characteristics of texturs of the characteristics of nanocomposite sorbents made from bentonite.

When developing new innovative building materials, their performance characteristics as well as their environmental friendliness are important. It is difficult to produce a fully ecological material for building envelopes, because there is a lack of ecological binding materials on the market, good binding materials are very expensive, and cheaper ones have poorer adhesive properties and performance characteristics. In this work, natural organic sapropel was used as an ecological binder. Before use, an organic sapropel was additionally mechanically activated. Its activation efficiency was evaluated on the basis of consistency and tensile strength. Sapropel activation increased its consistency from 112 to 168 mm and its tensile strength from 466 to 958 kPa. Wood processing waste was used as a filler for the thermal insulation biocomposite. Additionally, the wood waste was chopped to regulate the density and main performance properties of the biocomposite. The density of the biocomposite was also regulated using different amounts of sapropel and the degree of compaction of the composite mixture. In this work, the influence of the amount of sapropel, the level of compression of the biocomposite mixture, and the size of the wood waste particles on the thermal conductivity and compressive stress of the biocomposite was analyzed. It was found that the compression level had the greatest influence on both the compressive stress and thermal conductivity, up to 12 times and 43.3%, respectively.

The article presents a simulation model of the anti-slip system processes in the wheel-rail contact, taking into account track gradients and operational conditions. The model is implemented in the Dymola environment and includes: 1) the single SubWagon model using Modelica Mechanics Translational; 2) a traction control and speed self-regulation model of the new-generation KZ8A locomotive; 3) a wheel-rail contact model for analyzing slip and slide phenomena; 4) a computer model of the anti-slip system. In constructing the model, the geographical and topographical features of the real Agadyr-Darya railway section were taken into account, simulating the movement of a train composed of one KZ8A locomotive section and 35 freight wagons. To describe the control logic, Harel’s finite state machine formalism (Statecharts) was applied, which enabled the reproduction of adhesion characteristics under various frictional conditions of the rail surface. The simulation experiment results demonstrated that the developed model reliably reproduces the behavior of traction rolling stock under real operating conditions. This allowed for the synthesis of an adaptive speed controller that accounts for local adhesion coefficient values and the longitudinal track profile (gradients, resistances). The approaches proposed in this work enable preliminary evaluation of the performance of train control systems on specific railway sections before testing or commissioning, as well as modeling the operation of rolling stock under various operational conditions.

The purpose of this study is to extend the service life of liquid-layer furnaces through experimental evaluation of their performance. Instead of using conventional large and small aggregates, this research investigates the use of secondary refractory materials to reduce the cost of the concrete mixture. To address this problem, it was proposed to replace the traditional method of lining the furnace floor with SHB-brand fireclay bricks by a monolithic concrete structure. Considering the operational characteristics of the furnace - high temperatures up to 1000 °C and an aggressive environment producing SO3 gaseous sulfur -sodium-infused liquid glass concrete was selected as the base. Instead of cement, liquid glass with low thermal conductivity, including amorphous-phase materials and glass-layered composite viscous substances, is recommended. A novel aspect of this research is the integration of machine learning techniques with experimental data to predict the thermal performance of concrete under high-temperature conditions. Furthermore, the study introduces the use of secondary refractory materials as a cost-effective aggregate alternative, offering a unique combination of sustainability and performance in industrial furnace applications.