The article deals with the issues of increasing the efficiency of drilling by developing and studying the process of interaction between the teeth of the drilling tool and the rock. A model of a tricone type drill bit has been developed. When drilling wells, 70-85% of the bits used are tricone bits. For an accurate comparative analysis, two variants of a tricone drill bit were studied, a serial one and a proposed one with a diameter of 215.9 mm. The interaction of the rock destroying tool with the rock during drilling is analyzed in a complex way using the ANSYS program, which operates on the basis of the finite element method. The change in the overall speed of an optimized tricone bit during interaction with the rock is considered. According to the results of the study, the parameters of the speed of penetration of the tooth into the rock were obtained, an analysis of the equivalent stress was carried out during the interaction of serial and experimental tricone bits with the rock. Graphs of changes in the equivalent stress of the rock by the penetration of the cone elements into it depending on time for both drilling tools were obtained. The results obtained in the study of the interaction of a rock destroying tool with a rock during drilling make it possible to determine the optimal parameters for placing teeth on the cone body at the design stage of tricone type drilling tools in the development of energy efficient bits. © J.B. Toshov, K.T. Sherov, M.R. Sikhimbayev, B.N. Absadykov, A. Esirkepov, 2024.

This research investigates the development and integration of fiber-optic temperature sensors (FOTS) into nanosatellite systems for enhanced temperature monitoring in space environments. Utilizing mathematical models, calibration tests, and integration strategies, the feasibility and effectiveness of deploying FOTS in nanosatellites have been demonstrated. Calibration tests conducted in simulated space environments validated the accuracy of FOTS readings within the specified temperature range of −30 ℃ to + 60 ℃. Integration strategies, guided by mathematical models, facilitated seamless incorporation of FOTS into a 3U nanosatellite platform, addressing challenges related to space constraints and power consumption. Implementation of low-power data acquisition systems further optimized energy efficiency while ensuring continuous operation of FOTS. The research findings underscore the importance of FOTS in enhancing temperature monitoring capabilities in nanosatellite missions, contributing to improved reliability, performance, and longevity of space systems. Prospects for further research include enhancing sensor performance, exploring multi-sensor integration, validating space qualification, adapting to diverse mission requirements, and integrating with autonomous systems. Overall, this research advances the field of space sensor technology, paving the way for more robust and capable nanosatellite systems in future space exploration endeavors. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

Accurate and up-to-date morphometric data on lakes are crucial for hydrological modeling, ecosystem monitoring, and sustainable water resource management. This study presents the first centimeter-scale, high-resolution bathymetric model of Lake Markakol (eastern Kazakhstan), generated using advanced hydroacoustic and geospatial techniques. The primary objective was to reassess key morphometric parameters—surface area, depth, volume, and shoreline configuration—more than six decades after the only existing survey from 1962. High-density depth data were acquired with a Lowrance HDS-12 Live echo sounder, achieving vertical precision of ±0.17 m, and processed using ReefMaster and ArcGIS to produce a three-dimensional, hydrologically correct model of the lake basin. Compared with archival data, results show that while the surface area (455.365 ± 0.005 km2), length (38.304 ± 0.002 km), and width (19.138 ± 0.002 km) have remained stable, the maximum depth is lower (24.14 ± 0.17 m vs. 27 m), and the total water volume is slightly higher (6.667 ± 0.025 km3 vs. 6.37 km3). These differences highlight both the limitations of historical lead-line surveys and the enhanced accuracy of modern hydroacoustic and GIS-based methods. The workflow developed here is transferable to other remote alpine lakes, providing an invaluable baseline for limnological research, ecological assessment, hydrodynamic modeling, and long-term water resource management strategies in data-scarce mountain regions. © 2025 by the authors.

In this review article, the state of the art of the complete processing chain in the production of solar photo-electric modules from raw materials (quartzites, quartz sand) is detailed. In particular, the silicon and silane production technologies of the Institute of Physics and Technology of Almaty, Kazakhstan, can become part of an expansive technologies chain. Such integration could present a number of benefits in comparison with the analogs, including less environmental pressure and increased safety. The combination of innovative production technologies of highly effective solar cells and modules with competitive production technologies of solar-grade silicon and silane constitutes a basis for the creation of an industrial cluster in the field of silicon solar photo energy with a complete vertically integrated production cycle. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Purpose. The solution to one of the important problems of the underground mining method is to substantiate cost-effective, technologically feasible and safe variants for mining steeply dipping low-thickness ore bodies. Methods. Mining systems are substantiated on the basis of a detailed analysis of the developed and existing experiential variants for mining steeply dipping ore bodies, identifying production and economic disadvantages, as well as their causes. Findings. As a result of the research, the pillar raise performance in the mining system with ore shrinkage has been sub-stantiated. The main parameters of the proposed variants for mining systems with ore shrinkage, intended for expansion-type supports and borehole breaking, have been substantiated. A design has been developed of fastening the material-running raises (MRR) and ventilating raises (VR) on the working and ventilation horizons to ensure their performance in the mining system with ore shrinkage. Originality. For the first time, dependences of dilution and labour productivity on the ore body thickness and the type of ore breaking for blast-hole stoping and borehole breaking for a single and “twinned block” have been obtained. In addition, a certain dependence of the loading and delivery performance on the average fractional composition, as well as on the delivery distance, has been obtained. Practical implications. The research is characterized by scientific innovations created for the first time, which are able to ensure the efficiency and safety of mining operations, while creating the ability to manage the loss of minerals and dilution in the block, as well as reaching their calculated optimal ratio in order to achieve the most cost-effective production rate. © 2022. K. Rysbekov et al.

Lithium-based ceramics exhibit good thermophysical properties, have low activation and chemical activity, and also release tritium well. These characteristics make lithium ceramics the best candidates for use as a functional material for a solid breeder blanket. To date, the most accurate understanding of the processes of tritium and helium production and release occurring in the breeder blanket materials can only be obtained from the results of reactor experiments. On the other hand, many important parameters can only be estimated in post-irradiation experiments (PIE). This paper describes studies of tritium and helium release in post-irradiation experiments (PIE) on the thermal desorption from ceramic pebbles Li2TiO3 + 5mol% TiO2 (with 96% enrichment on lithium-6 isotope), irradiated in the WWR-K reactor for 223 days. In PIE a peak of helium release was recorded for each sample in the temperature range of 1300–1500 K. An assumption was made in the paper to explain the nature of this helium release peaks from lithium ceramic pebbles. © 2023

This article deals with the indicators of dynamic properties that ensure road safety, compliance with the rules of maintenance and servicing were determined, with geometric labelling, the forces acting on the crew were not determined, but it was assumed that they affect the position of the crew in the curve. The loads on each axle of the locomotive were calculated taking into account the weight of the TE-33A. In order to determine the forces acting on the crew and the path as a function of the stationary movement speeds along the curve, the so-called dynamic insertion of the crew into the curve is carried out. As part of the study, the indicators of frame forces and the coefficients of vertical dynamics of the first suspension stage of the TE-33A locomotive were determined when passing through a curve with a radius of 600 m at speeds of 40, 60, 85, and 100 km/h. At the same time, the largest forces acting on the crew were determined. At the same time, the largest forces were determined, which occur during the movement of this TE-33A locomotive along the curve, when individual elements of the locomotive (wheel pairs, wagon, body) perform complex movements when traveling in the transition curve. As a result of the experimental tests, it was found that the obtained frame force indicators and dynamic indicators of the first stage of the suspension of the TE-33A diesel locomotive meet all the requirements of the permissible standards. © (2024), (International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research). All Rights Reserved.

Epoxy foam/aerogel materials (EP-AGs) have potential in the aerospace, construction, and energy industries, allowing the development of lightweight high-performance products for a wide range of applications. Research interest in developing EP-AGs is increasing as it has the potential to create greener and more sustainable materials for making various products. Several commercial applications of EP-AGs and techniques for creating, processing, and drying them have already been reported. The introduction of EP-AGs into value-added materials is one of the most promising options but suffers from a lack of knowledge about the relationships between microstructure and properties. The current obstacles to their use in the industrial sector and for applications and challenges related to factory scale-up are also taken into account. EP-AGs are hindered by critical gaps in applicational and processing complexity, such as scaling up from laboratory to large-scale production, optimizing synthesis and processing techniques, and developing standardized testing protocols. The review focuses on the processing complexities and further difficulties associated with EP-AGs to improve casting burdens, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility in various applications. This review also examines the challenges in synthesizing EP-AGs used to make special materials, their practices, and the technological barriers one would face. © 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.

The continuing anthropogenic pollution of the Ile River occurs both by transboundary runoff and as a result of discharges of industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastewater on the territory of Kazakhstan. With this amount of pollution, the river’s capacity for self-purification is very limited, and in some cases practically exhausted. Hydrochemical and toxic indicators in the Ile River basin were analyzed based on water sampling from the Chinese–Kazakh border station to 37 km downstream of the hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). Heavy metals were determined by flame AAS methods. The self-purification capacity (SPC) was determined for cadmium by 28–81%, copper 15–66%, zinc 22–37%, and cobalt 5–9% while the nickel self-purification of water did not occur. The SPC was influenced by the Kapshagai reservoir. The identified main regularities of the anthropogenic transformation of water quality and self-purification capacity of the river will help both in solving the problems of river pollution and in the development of necessary measures aimed at the protection of water resources from pollution and depletion. © 2025 by the authors

Microbial engineering has made a significant breakthrough in pharmaceutical biotechnology, greatly expanding the production of biologically active compounds, therapeutic proteins, and novel drug candidates. Recent advancements in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, and adaptive evolution have contributed to the optimization of microbial strains for pharmaceutical applications, playing a crucial role in enhancing their productivity and stability. The CRISPR-Cas system is widely utilized as a precise genome modification tool, enabling the enhancement of metabolite biosynthesis and the activation of synthetic biological pathways. Additionally, synthetic biology approaches allow for the targeted design of microorganisms with improved metabolic efficiency and therapeutic potential, thereby accelerating the development of new pharmaceutical products. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) plays a vital role in further advancing microbial engineering by predicting metabolic network interactions, optimizing bioprocesses, and accelerating the drug discovery process. However, challenges such as the efficient optimization of metabolic pathways, ensuring sustainable industrial-scale production, and meeting international regulatory requirements remain critical barriers in the field. Furthermore, to mitigate potential risks, it is essential to develop stringent biocontainment strategies and implement appropriate regulatory oversight. This review comprehensively examines recent innovations in microbial engineering, analyzing key technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and future development perspectives. © 2025 by the authors.