Oily sludge is a solid emulsified waste created by the petroleum industry. Solid particles, crude oil, and water comprise most of their composition. Because it contains high concentrations of cycloalkanes, benzene series, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other harmful and hazardous substances, it poses a severe risk to human health and the environment. It must be treated to reduce its toxicity. However, crude oil is a significant component of oily sludge and has a high recycling value. As a result, numerous procedures for extracting crude oil from oily sludge have been developed, including solvent extraction, pyrolysis, centrifugation, ultrasonic treatment, electronic treatment, flotation, supercritical treatment, and combination processes. The primary purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of various recycling technologies and to compare their benefits, drawbacks, and ways of action. This concept is expected to be the cornerstone for future recycling technology development. © 2023, Gadjah Mada University. All rights reserved.
Kazakhstan is facing increasing water scarcity due to climate change and transboundary international water diversions. For this reason, low-quality water with high mineral content needs to be increasingly used in the future. A way to improve water quality for consumptive use is membrane treatment technology. In view of this, we investigated a new type of synthetic spatial-globular structure (SGS) polymers as a pre-treatment to reverse osmosis membrane filtration to increase its efficiency and service life. SGS polymer filters can be used as a pretreatment unit before ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, providing filtration, suspended solids retention, and water softening. The investigated SGS polymer reduced the Ca content in the source water from 390 to about 1 mg/L with a purification effect of 99.7 %. The treatment as indicated by the contamination index Ф of the filters showed that the overall cleaning effect was 90 % or more. Thus, the use of the new pre-filtering SGS material with ion-exchange and sorption properties displayed good improvement for drinking water treatment and it can be used to increase the life of membrane devices. © 2024
The present study serves experimental and theoretical analyses in developing a hybrid advanced structure as a photolysis, which is based on electrospun Graphene Oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO2) nanofibers as an electron transfer material (ETMs) functionalized for perovskite solar cell (PVSCs) with GO. The prepared ETMs were utilized for the synthesis of mixed-cation (FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2. The effect of GO on TiO2 and their chemical structure, electronic and morphological characteristic were investigated and discussed. The elaborated device, namely ITO/Bl-TiO2/3 wt% GO-TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.8(MAPbBr3)0.2/spiro-MeTAD/Pt, displayed 20.14% disposition and conversion solar energy with fill factor (FF) of 1.176%, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.56 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage (VOC) 0.912 V. The obtained efficiency is higher than titanium oxide (18.42%) and other prepared GO-TiO2 composite nanofibers based ETMs. The developed materials and device would facilitate elaboration of advanced functional materials and devices for energy storage applications. © 2024 The Authors
In this scientific research work, the problem of studying the process of removing water-containing iron solutions with an Etro-04 device based on high-frequency corona discharge is considered. In the research work, a special Etro-04 ozonator device was developed for the oxidation of heavy metals, i.e. chemical pollutants contained in water. Work on testing the device was carried out in order to clean the underground water “Aktogay wide place”. During the research work, various painful heavy metals were found in the composition of the source water that do not meet the maximum permissible (MPC). For example, iron (Fe2+, Fe3+) solutions met 2.00 – 2.2 mg/l. This means that the MPC is 7 times more than the specified value. In order to solve this problem, research work was carried out. During the technological process, various amounts of ozone (O3) were released into the water, the amount and effective economic indicators of which were determined. In the same way, the effective time of the oxidation and cleaning process was determined. During the research process, an algorithm of theoretical calculations was developed and a mathematical model was given to bring 1m3 of groundwater to a fixed indicator. In order to determine the effectiveness of cleaning the iron contained in the water by the concentration of ozone and the filter load, water filtration works were carried out at different speeds of 5.5-9.5 m/h. For example, with an ozone content of C =100 mg/l and a filtration rate of 9.5 m/h, you can see that the iron content in water is purified by 30% percent, 8.5 m/h – 55% percent, 7.5 m/h-77% percent, and 5.5 m/h-90% percent. Experimentally and theoretically, it was found that Iron solutions with water content were purified by 98-98.7% percent, respectively, with an ozone concentration of C = 500-600 mg/l and a filtration rate of 5.5 m/h. © 2023, Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.
This article delves into the intricate interplay between terrorism, its ideological underpinnings, and their intersection with theology within a national context. Employing the principles of activity, historicism, system-structural, and comparative methods, this research scrutinizes the essence of terrorism as a unified entity shaped by its ideological roots and theological influences. The primary findings highlight terrorism as a complex, systematically organized phenomenon, shedding light on its evolution from antecedent forms of destructive activities. Moreover, the study elucidates the constitution of terrorism, emphasizing its distinct ideological and theological dimensions, unravelling their profound impact on the national landscape. The implications of this study are far-reaching. Firstly, it contributes significantly to the theoretical advancements in understanding terrorism, extremism, and radicalism. Secondly, it offers actionable insights for practical interventions aimed at preempting and dismantling terrorist groups and cells. Lastly, it enriches educational curricula across disciplines like social philosophy, sociology, political science, and psychology. The novelty of this study lies in its holistic approach, viewing terrorism as an integrated system, and uncovering the evolutionary trajectory from earlier forms of destructive behavior. By exploring the amalgamation of ideology and theology within terrorism, this research breaks new ground, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing this complex socio-political phenomenon. © 2023 Open Access/Author/s - Online @ http//: www.pharosjot.com
The g-C3N4 (GCN) adsorbent with two different morphologies, coral (CGCN) and nano fiber (GCNNF), was synthesized and recruited for extraction and preconcentration of lead and copper metal ions by effervescent salt-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction procedure. The structures of the two adsorbents were affirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency were carefully studied and the optimum values of the parameters for both adsorbents were pH 6.5, adsorbent dosage 8 mg, desorption time 3 min, and the elution solvent 300 μL of 2 mol L−1 of HNO3. The detection limits of Pb(II (and Cu(II) ions for CGCN were 0.9 and 0.3 μgL−1 and for GCNNF were 1.56 and 0.7 μgL−1, respectively. The percent relative standard deviations were obtained to be 1.32% and 2.23% for CGCN (n = 3) and 1.24% and 2.29% for GCNNF (n = 3), respectively for the lead and copper metal ions. In addition, the adsorbents could be used up to 7 times without an imperative reduction in the percentages of analytes recovery. Finally, the performance of CGCN and GCNNF were used for preconcentrate of lead and copper ions in honey, canned fish, and human hair samples. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
This article discusses the current problem of industrial waste disposal and its use in the production of building materials, which corresponds to the global concept of sustainable development. Attention is mainly paid to the development of a gruntosilicate composite (concrete) based on a mineral slag binder using drilling sludge from the mining industry, ashes from thermal power plants and electrothermophosphoric slag. Physico-chemical studies of man-made raw materials have been carried out, including analysis of chemical and mineralogical composition, granulometric characteristics, radiation safety and other parameters. It has been established that drilling mud, thermal power plant ash and electrothermophosphoric slag meet the requirements for use in building materials and belong to non-hazardous waste. The optimal ratios of the components in the composition of gruntosilicate concrete have been experimentally determined. The highest compressive strength (3.0–3.5 MPa) is achieved with a drilling mud content of 15–23% and a mineral slag binder of 10–20%. It is shown that the introduction of these wastes improves the structure of the material, reduces shrinkage deformations and ensures compliance with the requirements of road surfaces of the II–III classes. The use of industrial waste in construction will reduce the cost of raw materials by approximately 10–30%, reduce the environmental burden and solve the problem of waste disposal. The results of the study demonstrate the prospects of creating a waste-processing industry capable of processing up to 40% of industrial waste into building materials. © 2025 by the authors.
This article discusses the current problem of industrial waste disposal and its use in the production of building materials, which corresponds to the global concept of sustainable development. Attention is mainly paid to the development of a gruntosilicate composite (concrete) based on a mineral slag binder using drilling sludge from the mining industry, ashes from thermal power plants and electrothermophosphoric slag. Physico-chemical studies of man-made raw materials have been carried out, including analysis of chemical and mineralogical composition, granulometric characteristics, radiation safety and other parameters. It has been established that drilling mud, thermal power plant ash and electrothermophosphoric slag meet the requirements for use in building materials and belong to non-hazardous waste. The optimal ratios of the components in the composition of gruntosilicate concrete have been experimentally determined. The highest compressive strength (3.0–3.5 MPa) is achieved with a drilling mud content of 15–23% and a mineral slag binder of 10–20%. It is shown that the introduction of these wastes improves the structure of the material, reduces shrinkage deformations and ensures compliance with the requirements of road surfaces of the II–III classes. The use of industrial waste in construction will reduce the cost of raw materials by approximately 10–30%, reduce the environmental burden and solve the problem of waste disposal. The results of the study demonstrate the prospects of creating a waste-processing industry capable of processing up to 40% of industrial waste into building materials. © 2025 by the authors.
Water contamination has emerged as one of the fundamental factor for water shortage issue in the current era. As of now, different organic and inorganic pollutants are the main toxic components in water and are released from different sources. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been developed in different fields because of their novel chemical, catalytic and structural advantages. These materials and their composites have gained much attention in recent years, both as effective sorbents and as photocatalysts, for removing several toxicants such as heavy metals and dyes from the waters and wastewaters. Nowadays, one of extensive research hotspots in these field is MOF derived carbonaceous materials for water detoxification. Among the presently explored materials for water treatment, MOF derived carbons have caused the establishment of great platforms for removal of several contaminations from water, by virtue of their appealing benefits like large pore volume, high porosity, high surface area, and chemical stability. In this review, we focused on different synthesis methods of MOFs and MOFs composites, and furthermore their carbon derived materials were discussed. In addition, applications of MOFs derived carbon materials for water detoxification was thoroughly discussed. More prominently, viewpoints towards exploitation of these developing advanced MOF derived carbon materials as catalytic routes were extensively summarized. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
The development of durable and efficient membranes is essential for addressing environmental pollution caused by industrial oil spills and oily wastewater. This study presents a simple surface modification approach using a sol-gel dip-coating technique to fabricate hydrophobic cellulose membranes (CMs) for oil-water separation. Two silane agents—hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) and triethoxy(octyl)silane (OTES)—were separately introduced into the sol-gel reaction to enhance membrane hydrophobicity and separation performance. Results showed that cellulose membranes modified with OTES (MCMs-OTES) exhibited superior oil-water separation efficiency compared to those treated with HDTMS (MCMs-HDTMS), despite having lower water contact angles (WCAs). This finding suggests that surface wetting properties alone do not solely determine separation performance; instead, the presence and distribution of silicon nanoparticles formed during the sol-gel process play a significant role. Additionally, the impact of different CM pore sizes (2.5 μm, 5.0 μm, 20 μm, and 20–25 μm) on separation performance was investigated. Among these, MCMs-OTES with the largest pore size (20–25 μm) achieved the highest average separation flux (14088.7 L m−2 h−1) and efficiency (96.1 %). Notably, both HDTMS- and OTES-modified membranes exhibited excellent fouling resistance and long-term durability, maintaining high separation efficiencies over time. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd