To improve the operational quality of paddy combine it was proposed to include additional innovative operations in plant process of pre-threshing preparation of rice biomass with anticipating seeds selection which increases seeds separation, reduces injuries, forms stable operation of threshing-separating device of combine harvester. Retrofit feeder house is a solution to ensure the stable uniform feed of assorted biomass into the threshing separation device. Equipped with tool package – harvester feeder house turned to the running control equipment for incoming flow of biomass. The movement of threshed heap inside the modified geometry of feeder house with tools effectively affect on caulis, panicle of rice – screed, and brings the biomass vibration mode i. e., lead to the dynamic separation of rice headed seeds to threshing rotor. Vibration (tossing) of biomass make it possible for free rice seeds pass through caulis to the bottom of feeder house. Development program of innovative driving devices of multifunctional rice seed harvester combine considered the development of preproduction explorational program ensuring the information on harvest loss during various rice harvesting, their separation between main harvester aggregates – collector, auger, elevator, threshing mill. It is proposed to combine, in a single complex, all the control parameters, subordinating their actions, into an active control device of the technological process, affecting the shapes of rolls formed from various varieties and yields of rice. © 2023, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license

Article discusses preliminary work results carried out by the Kazakh National Research Technical University (KazNIRU) named after K.I. Satpayev together with the Central Laboratory for Certification of Building Materials (CLCBM) on resource saving and recycling of industrial waste to obtain demanded building materials. Processing of industrial wastes (wastes of enrichment and processing, overburden and enclosing rocks), close in composition to natural and used in traditional areas, practically does not differ from the industrial processing of natural mineral raw materials. Creation of efficient technologies for processing of technogenic raw materials is urgent task, which make it possible to obtain competitive products from it for various industries. Utilization of waste from mining and metallurgical complexes makes it possible to reduce technogenic load on the environment and ensure rational use of secondary raw materials. Possibility of obtaining solutions for strengthening fractured rocks and building structures has been studied. Study results of wastes of the Akshatau Mining and Processing Plant are presented and the possibility of using them to strengthen fractured rocks is confirmed. With the help of strengthening, it is possible to slow down processes of slacking and sloughing of rocks, to prevent ledges collapse and rocks sloughing from surface of slopes. Rock mass hardening in the weakened areas is achieved by substances injection into array cracks, which, after hardening and setting of rock, significantly increase its resistance to shear. The most widespread among hardening methods is cementation during mine workings (underground structures) in fractured rocks. Significance of obtained results for construction industry lies in the expansion and reproduction of raw material base of building materials industry through use of MMC waste (concentration tailings) and development of resource-saving technologies. © 2023, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.

The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the fundamental possibility of producing electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries through low-temperature carbothermic smelting of ilmenite concentrate fluxed with calcined soda and diatomite, followed by aqueous refining of titanium slag. The primary phase composition of the slag includes Na2Ti3O7 (48.2%), Na0.23TiO2 (22.0%), Na2TiSiO5 (11%), and Na0.67Al0.1Mn0.9O2 (8.5%), which, upon hydrolysis, transform into a monophase titanium dioxide with intercalated sodium—Na0.23TiO2. Thermodynamic analysis of the heat effects of chemical reactions among raw materials and resulting products substantiates the role of silicon and sodium oxides, carbon, oxygen, and water in the formation of various electrode materials during carbothermic flux conversion and aqueous refining. Insights into the mechanisms of thermochemical formation and hydrothermal phase transformations offer a scientific basis for the development of intercalation systems from abundant and low-cost natural raw materials, bypassing the need for expensive precursor synthesis. © 2025 by the authors.

The operation of fusion reactors is based on the reaction that occurs when two heavy hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium, combine to form helium and a neutron with an energy of 14.1 MeV D + T → He + n. For this reaction to occur, it is necessary to produce tritium in the facility itself, as tritium is not common in nature. The generation of tritium in the facility is a key function of the breeder blanket. During the operation of a D–T fusion reactor, high-energy tritium is generated as a result of the 6Li(n,α)T reaction in a lithium-containing ceramic material in the breeder blanket. Lithium metatitanate Li2TiO3 is proposed as one of the promising materials for use in the solid breeder blanket of the DEMO reactor. Several concepts for test blanket modules based on lithium ceramics are being developed for testing at the ITER reactor. Lithium metatitanate Li2TiO3 has good tritium release parameters, as well as good thermal and thermomechanical characteristics. The most important property of lithium ceramics Li2TiO3 is its ability to withstand exposure to long-term high-energy radiation at high temperatures and across large temperature gradients. Its inherent thermal stability and chemical inertness are significant advantages in terms of safety concerns. This study was a continuation of research regarding tritium and helium release from lithium metatitanate Li2TiO3 with 96% 6Li during irradiation at the WWR-K research reactor using the vacuum extraction method. As a result of the analysis of experiments regarding the irradiation of lithium metatitanate in vacuum conditions, it has been established that, during irradiation, peak releases of helium from closed pores of the ceramics are observed, which open during the first 7 days of irradiation. The authors assumed that the reasons samples crack are temperature gradients over the ceramic sample, resulting from the internal heating of pebbles under the conditions of their vacuum evacuation, and contact with the bottom of the evacuated capsule. The temperature dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient of tritium in ceramics at the end of irradiation and the parameters of helium effusion were also determined. © 2023 by the authors.

L-asparaginase (L-asp) is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). L-asp catalyzes the L-asp into ammonia and L-aspartic acid through deamination. The formed ammonia finds to be toxic to the organism. Therefore, the search for less cytotoxic anti-proliferative L-asp is of great importance. Because of its costeffectiveness, consistency, and easiness of process control, microbial L-asparaginase is chosen over plant or animal enzymes. L-asp enzyme which was studied in the article was isolated from a newly discovered bacteria Myroides gitamensis. The biochemical characteristics and antiproliferative, cytotoxic effect of purified L-asp were studied in order to develop safer biochemically stable anti-leukemia medication. To provide comprehensive information on the characteristics of the isolated L-asparaginase enzyme analytical tools were utilized, including cancer cell lines, brine shrimps, enzyme reactions etc. MOLT-4 and K-562 cell lines showed an IC50 value of 91.41 IU/mL and 77.42 IU/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity activity of L-asp on Artemia salina showed that at 24 hours (LC50 value of 217.0 µg/mL) and toxic at 48 hours (LC50 value of 126.4µg/ml). © 2022, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, c/o Dr. Pratima Sharma. All rights reserved.

The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the fundamental possibility of producing electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries through low-temperature carbothermic smelting of ilmenite concentrate fluxed with calcined soda and diatomite, followed by aqueous refining of titanium slag. The primary phase composition of the slag includes Na2Ti3O7 (48.2%), Na0.23TiO2 (22.0%), Na2TiSiO5 (11%), and Na0.67Al0.1Mn0.9O2 (8.5%), which, upon hydrolysis, transform into a monophase titanium dioxide with intercalated sodium—Na0.23TiO2. Thermodynamic analysis of the heat effects of chemical reactions among raw materials and resulting products substantiates the role of silicon and sodium oxides, carbon, oxygen, and water in the formation of various electrode materials during carbothermic flux conversion and aqueous refining. Insights into the mechanisms of thermochemical formation and hydrothermal phase transformations offer a scientific basis for the development of intercalation systems from abundant and low-cost natural raw materials, bypassing the need for expensive precursor synthesis.

This study assesses the development of start-up ecosystems and the effectiveness of government initiatives, determines issues, and proposes measures to support entrepreneurial ecosystems. The aim of the study was to examine how innovative start-up ecosystems contribute to sustainable development and increased entrepreneurial activity in Asian countries, focusing on their strategic importance for economic transformation and technological growth. Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in five Asian countries (Kazakhstan, China, India, South Korea, and Japan) for 2018-2021. The empirical analysis relies on panel data from global databases, applying regression modeling to assess the influence of ecosystem variables on sustainable innovation activity across 20 observations. The data obtained indicates a different degree of development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the countries under study. Japan and South Korea demonstrate consistently high levels of ecosystem development, while Kazakhstan, China, and India show lower levels but with growth trends. According to the study results, the most influential factors for the development of entrepreneurial activity are state support and policies and access to financing. The findings show that access to financing and state support are the most influential factors in boosting green start-ups and sustainable innovation, with a 1-point increase in funding leading to a 12.6 percentage point rise in eco-innovation activity. To increase entrepreneurial activity, develop open innovations, and achieve SDGs, the authors pro-pose several support measures. These support measures contribute to the formation of start-up infrastructure, including business incubators and accelerators, creating a favorable environment for the development of the venture capital market, building a knowledge exchange system through international cooperation in the framework of open innovation, and holding international hackathons and other events aimed at stimulating innovation and activating knowledge dissemination. Article results offer practical insights for policy-makers and ecosystem developers to enhance regulatory frameworks, improve financing mechanisms, and foster global partnerships that support innovation-driven entrepreneurship. Its unique contribution lies in presenting a cross-country, data-driven analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Asia with a focus on sustainability, thereby filling an important gap in the literature on green innovation and start-up policy strategies. © 2025, Qubahan. All rights reserved.

The article deals with the issues of determining the factors contributing to the occurrence of road accidents. On the basis of statistical studies, the main factors most fully reflecting the process of occurrence of road traffic accidents were identified. For this purpose, an expert-statistical method was used. Road safety assessment was carried out on the example of the roads of the city of Pavlodar. The results obtained allow, in the future, to build a mathematical model that characterizes the possibility of a traffic accident. © 2024 The Author(s).

The structure of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films doped with Bi has been studied using TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and Optical Transmission Spectroscopy. Thin films were obtained by direct current (DC) ion–plasma sputtering with thicknesses from 60 to 200 nm. TEM images revealed an amorphous film structure with bismuth nanocrystallites with a size of ∼1 to ∼20 nm. A shift in the Raman peaks of Bi–doped Ge2Sb2Te5 films compared to undoped samples was observed. A shift of the fundamental absorption edge to the long wavelength region of the spectrum along with an increase in the concentration of bismuth were detected in the optical transmission spectra of the films. A decrease in the optical band gap of bismuth-doped films was found. It has been shown that with increasing bismuth content in the films, their conductivity also increases. It has been found from studies of the current–voltage film characteristics reversible switching effect takes place. © 2023 The Author(s)

The field of aftershock prediction has evolved over the years, transitioning from traditional statistical models to more advanced machine learning and deep learning methodologies. The USGS relies on the Reasenberg and Jones (1989, 1994) statistical model which subsequent researchers have refined to adapt to various tectonic regimes globally. Meanwhile, DeVries et al. (2018) explored the potential of Deep Learning in predicting aftershock locations, albeit facing critique for potentially over-complicating the issue. Other researchers have applied machine learning algorithms, such as in predicting aftershock patterns following the Kermanshah Earthquake in Iran, demonstrating the capability of machine learning to outperform traditional Coulomb maps. The dynamic discourse among these varying methodologies highlights the ongoing efforts to improve aftershock prediction, aiming at better preparedness and response strategies in seismic-prone regions. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.